The Wealth of Nations, 第 1 卷Random House Publishing Group, 2000年11月1日 - 1200 頁 Adam Smith’s masterpiece, first published in 1776, is the foundation of modern economic thought and remains the single most important account of the rise of, and the principles behind, modern capitalism. Written in clear and incisive prose, The Wealth of Nations articulates the concepts indispensable to an understanding of contemporary society; and Robert Reich’s Introduction both clarifies Smith’s analyses and illuminates his overall relevance to the world in which we live. As Reich writes, “Smith’s mind ranged over issues as fresh and topical today as they were in the late eighteenth century—jobs, wages, politics, government, trade, education, business, and ethics.” |
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... labour, nor of so complete a separation of one business from another, as manufactures. It is impossible to separate so entirely, the business of the grazier from that of the corn-farmer, as the trade of the carpenter is commonly ...
... labour should soon find out easier and readier methods of performing their own particular work, wherever the nature of it admits of such improvement. A great part of the machines made use of" in those manufactures in which labour is ...
... labour, pulence of a - - - - - well governed which occasions, in a well-governed society, that unisociety, versal opulence which extends itself to the lowest ranks of the people. Every workman has a great quantity of his own work to ...
... labour, trucking disposition which originally gives occasion to the division of labour. In a tribe of hunters or shepherds a particular person makes bows and arrows, for example, with more readiness and dexterity than any other. He ...
... labour, which is over and above his own consumption, for such parts of the produce of other men's labour as he has occasion for. Every man thus lives by exchanging, or becomes in some measure a merchant, and the society itself grows to ...
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3 | |
14 | |
24 | |
33 | |
53 | |
62 | |
73 | |
100 | |
Digression concerning Banks of Deposit particularly concerning | 510 |
Of the Unreasonableness of those extraordinary | 520 |
Of Drawbacks | 533 |
Of Bounties | 540 |
Digression concerning the Corn Trade and Corn Laws | 560 |
Of Treaties of Commerce | 585 |
Of Colonies | 599 |
Causes of the Prosperity of New Colonies | 609 |
CHAPTER X | 114 |
Inequalities occasioned by the Policy of Europe | 136 |
Of the Rent of Land | 166 |
Of the Produce of Land which sometimes does | 185 |
Of the Variations in the Proportion between | 201 |
Second Period | 219 |
Variations in the Proportion between the respective Values | 242 |
Grounds of the Suspicion that the Value of Silver still continues | 249 |
Third Sort | 262 |
Conclusion of the Digression concerning the Variations in | 273 |
Effects of the Progress of Improvement upon the real Price | 278 |
Conclusion of the Chapter | 284 |
Of the Nature Accumulation and Employment of Stock | 299 |
Of Money considered as a particular Branch of the general Stock | 310 |
Of Stock lent at Interest 3 81 | 381 |
Of the different Employment of Capitals | 390 |
Of the different Progress of Opulence in different Nations | 407 |
Of the Discouragement of Agriculture in the ancient State | 413 |
Of the Rise and Progress of Cities and Towns after the Fall of | 426 |
How the Commerce of the Towns contributed to the Improvement | 439 |
Of Systems of political CEconomy | 455 |
Of Restraints upon the Importation from foreign Countries | 481 |
Of the Advantages which Europe has derived from | 638 |
Of the Agricultural Systems or of those Systems of Political | 718 |
Of the Revenue of the Sovereign or Commonwealth | 732 |
Of the Expences of the Sovereign or Commonwealth | 747 |
Of the Expence of Justice | 766 |
Of the Expence of public Works and public Institutions | 779 |
ARTICLE 2d Of the Expence of the Institutions for the Education | 819 |
ARTICLE 3d Of the Expence of the Institutions for the Instruc | 846 |
Of the Expence of supporting the Dignity of | 876 |
Of Taxes | 887 |
Taxes which are proportioned not to the Rent but to | 900 |
ARTICLE 2d Taxes upon Profit or upon the Revenue arising | 912 |
Taxes upon the Profit of particular Employments | 918 |
APPENDIX To ARTICLE 1st and 2d Taxes upon the Capital Value | 924 |
ARTICLE 3d Taxes upon the Wages of Labour | 931 |
Taxes upon consumable Commodities | 938 |
Of public Debts | 981 |
APPENDIX on the Herring Bounty | 1029 |
Authorities | 1124 |
A NOTE ON THE TEXT | 1133 |
READING GROUP GUIDE | 1155 |