The Wealth of Nations, 第 1 卷Random House Publishing Group, 2000年11月1日 - 1200 頁 Adam Smith’s masterpiece, first published in 1776, is the foundation of modern economic thought and remains the single most important account of the rise of, and the principles behind, modern capitalism. Written in clear and incisive prose, The Wealth of Nations articulates the concepts indispensable to an understanding of contemporary society; and Robert Reich’s Introduction both clarifies Smith’s analyses and illuminates his overall relevance to the world in which we live. As Reich writes, “Smith’s mind ranged over issues as fresh and topical today as they were in the late eighteenth century—jobs, wages, politics, government, trade, education, business, and ethics.” |
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... Equal quantities of labour will at distant times be purmore stable than chased more nearly with equal quantities of corn, the ”” subsistence of the labourer, than with equal quantities of gold and silver, or perhaps of any other commodity.
... equal quantities of corn will command the same quantity of labour more nearly than equal quantities of silver. From year to year, on the contrary, silver is a better measure than corn, because equal quantities of it will more nearly ...
... equal wealth and luxury the same deficiency" will generally occasion a more or less eager competition, according as the acquisition of the commodity happens to be of more or less importance to them.' Hence the exorbitant price of the ...
... equal quantities of labour would naturally in this state of things be exchanged for one another, they would have been purchased likewise with the produce of a smaller quantity. though in But though all things would have become cheaper ...
... equal chance of living to that age. But the necessary maintenance of four children, it is supposed, may be nearly equal to that of one man. The labour of an able-bodied slave, the same author adds, is computed to be worth double his ...
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3 | |
14 | |
24 | |
33 | |
53 | |
62 | |
73 | |
100 | |
Digression concerning Banks of Deposit particularly concerning | 510 |
Of the Unreasonableness of those extraordinary | 520 |
Of Drawbacks | 533 |
Of Bounties | 540 |
Digression concerning the Corn Trade and Corn Laws | 560 |
Of Treaties of Commerce | 585 |
Of Colonies | 599 |
Causes of the Prosperity of New Colonies | 609 |
CHAPTER X | 114 |
Inequalities occasioned by the Policy of Europe | 136 |
Of the Rent of Land | 166 |
Of the Produce of Land which sometimes does | 185 |
Of the Variations in the Proportion between | 201 |
Second Period | 219 |
Variations in the Proportion between the respective Values | 242 |
Grounds of the Suspicion that the Value of Silver still continues | 249 |
Third Sort | 262 |
Conclusion of the Digression concerning the Variations in | 273 |
Effects of the Progress of Improvement upon the real Price | 278 |
Conclusion of the Chapter | 284 |
Of the Nature Accumulation and Employment of Stock | 299 |
Of Money considered as a particular Branch of the general Stock | 310 |
Of Stock lent at Interest 3 81 | 381 |
Of the different Employment of Capitals | 390 |
Of the different Progress of Opulence in different Nations | 407 |
Of the Discouragement of Agriculture in the ancient State | 413 |
Of the Rise and Progress of Cities and Towns after the Fall of | 426 |
How the Commerce of the Towns contributed to the Improvement | 439 |
Of Systems of political CEconomy | 455 |
Of Restraints upon the Importation from foreign Countries | 481 |
Of the Advantages which Europe has derived from | 638 |
Of the Agricultural Systems or of those Systems of Political | 718 |
Of the Revenue of the Sovereign or Commonwealth | 732 |
Of the Expences of the Sovereign or Commonwealth | 747 |
Of the Expence of Justice | 766 |
Of the Expence of public Works and public Institutions | 779 |
ARTICLE 2d Of the Expence of the Institutions for the Education | 819 |
ARTICLE 3d Of the Expence of the Institutions for the Instruc | 846 |
Of the Expence of supporting the Dignity of | 876 |
Of Taxes | 887 |
Taxes which are proportioned not to the Rent but to | 900 |
ARTICLE 2d Taxes upon Profit or upon the Revenue arising | 912 |
Taxes upon the Profit of particular Employments | 918 |
APPENDIX To ARTICLE 1st and 2d Taxes upon the Capital Value | 924 |
ARTICLE 3d Taxes upon the Wages of Labour | 931 |
Taxes upon consumable Commodities | 938 |
Of public Debts | 981 |
APPENDIX on the Herring Bounty | 1029 |
Authorities | 1124 |
A NOTE ON THE TEXT | 1133 |
READING GROUP GUIDE | 1155 |