...XLIX, L, LI and XCYILJ Article Xl. Every suhject of the commonwealth ought to find a certain remedy, hy having recourse to the laws, for all injuries or wrongs...in his person, property, or character. He ought to ohtain right and justice freely, and without heing ohliged to purchase it; completely, and without...

...in a provision of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Constitution more than 100 years later, in 1784: Every subject of the Commonwealth ought to find a...being obliged to purchase it, completely and without denial; promptly and without delay. Every rule of evidence must be tested against the principles and...

...compensation therefor." The judicial system existed to protect property, among other interests: "[Ejvery subject of the commonwealth ought to find a certain...may receive in his person, property, or character." And "it is essential to the preservation of the rights of every individual, his life, liberty, property,...

...That every freeman ought to find a certain remedy by recourse to the laws for all injuries and wrongs he may receive in his person, property or character. He ought to obtain right and justice freely without sale, cornpleatly and without denial, promptly and without delay, and that all establishments...

...who perpetrate them.29 The Massachusetts Declaration of Rights, Article 11, affirms the same point: Every subject of the Commonwealth ought to find a...promptly, and without delay; conformably to the laws. 29 Jefferson, "A Bill for Proportioning Crimes and Punishments," 1778, in Kurland, The Founders' Constitution,...

...said in a provision of ; Commonwealth of Massachusetts Constitution more than 100 years later, 1784: Every subject of the Commonwealth ought to find a...may receive in his person, property or character. He trial situation, its effect must be related to the policy or principles to which owes its origin, and...

...it in the enjoyment of his life, liberty and property, according to standing laws."); id. at art. XI ("Every subject of the Commonwealth ought to find...receive in his person, property, or character."); id. at art. XXIX ("It is essential to the preservation of the rights of every individual, his life,...

...every freeman ought to find a certain remedy, by recourse to the laws, for all injuries and wrongs he may receive in his person, property, or character; he ought to obtain right and justice, freely, without sale; completely, and without denial; promptly, and without delay; and that all establishments...