...to justify constitutional ratification, argued for the rule of law as opposed to the rule of people. "The powers delegated by the proposed Constitution...the State governments are numerous and indefinite," Madison explained in trying to assuage fears of national power at the expense of the states. Madison...

...this narrow view of state sovereignty contradicted the views of James Madison. According to Madison, the "powers delegated by the proposed Constitution to the Federal Government are few and defined," while those retained by the states are "numerous and indefinite."33 Madison further asserted that the...

...Constitution is one of enumerated, and thus limited, powers. Madison's assurance in Federalist No. 45 that "the powers delegated by the proposed Constitution to the federal government are few and defined," was also the key argument the Federalists presented against a Bill of Rights.52 Since no power had...