...absence of monarchy and aristocracy.60 For example, in The Federalist, Madison argued that a republic is "a government which derives all its powers directly or indirectly from the body of the people."6' His lack of precision reflected the tendency of Americans not to frame their...

...American order was republican. That is, its aim was self-government, its structure one in which government "derives all its powers directly or indirectly from the great body of the people."28 Under such a system not only are the people entitled to rule themselves, but they exert...

...Revolution" by demonstrating "the capacity of mankind for self-government." A republican government was that which "derives all its powers directly or indirectly from the great body of people, and is administered by persons holding their offices during pleasure, for a limited period,...

...extreme inaccuracy with which the term has been ufed in political difquifitions. If we refortfor a criterion, to the different principles on which different forms of government are eftabliihed, we may define a republic to be, or at leaft may beftow that name on, a government which...

...Diamond, supra note 15, at 47-48. 18. See also Madison's Federalist 39, where he defines a "republic" as "a government which derives all its powers directly...or indirectly from the great body of the people." 19. James Wilson's Summation and Final Rebuttal, Dec. 11, 1787, in i The Debate on the Constitution...

...(Mr. Randolph); 2 id at 48 (Mr. Gorham). Madison himself, defining a republic for other purposes as "a government which derives all its powers directly or indirectly from the people," defended the clause itself as a safeguard "against aristocratic or monarchical innovations."...

...Constitution may be found in the improper definition of republican government he presented: If we resort for a criterion to the different principles on which different...indirectly from the great body of the people, and «• administered by persons holding their offices during pleasure for a limited period, or during...

...[emphasis added] 1 In the Federalist, No. 39, the Father of the Constitution wrote: If we resort for a criterion to the different principles on which different...or indirectly from the great body of the people.... 17 Unlike most of his contemporaries, Alexander Hamilton, both before and after the adoption of our...

...the Constitution allows the people as a body to exercise all the powers of the government. He says : "We may define a republic to be, or at least may bestow the name on, a government which derives all its powers directly or indirectly from the great body of...