WILLIAM PENN,

THE FOUNDER OF PENNSYLVANIA.

BY

JOHN STOUGHTON, D.D.

London:

HODDER AND STOUGHTON,

27, PATERNOSTER ROW.

MDCCCLXXXII.

[All rights reserved.]

с

ADVERTISEMENT.

HE Bicentenary of William Penn's arrival in

THE

America naturally recalls attention to the story of his life. I have been requested by my publishers to prepare a new work on the subject: and Quaker descent on my mother's side, the study for many years of opinions entertained by the Society of Friends, and sympathy with the founder of Pennsylvania in his love of peace, and his advocacy of civil and religious freedom, have rendered the task pleasant and interesting.

The writings of Penn, and his life by Thomas Clarkson, in two volumes, 1813, supply a basis for the whole work. But important supplementary knowledge has been added since. The controversy raised by Lord Macaulay touching Penn's relations with James II. illustrated those points in many ways; and the Right Hon. W. E. Forster especially, in his exhaustive pamphlet on the subject, published in 1849, supplied much original information for subsequent writers. Hepworth Dixon's popular and eloquent "Historical Biography, founded on Family and State Papers," did not add much to what was known before; but Hazard's "Annals of Pennsylvania," 1850,

and Watson's "Annals of Philadelphia," 1857, contributed new and curious information, documentary and traditional, respecting the American portion of the founder's history. "The Penns and the Penningtons," by Maria Webb, 1867, made the public acquainted with several original family letters, and other documents, giving beautiful glimpses of his domestic and social life; and further copious and reliable materials for what relates to the other side of the Atlantic are supplied in the "Correspondence between William Penn and James Logan," edited by Edward Armstrong, for the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1870. In addition to these printed authorities, I have been favoured by my friend, Mr. Joseph Bevan Braithwaite, with unpublished correspondence and other documents, which I have found very useful. I must also mention valuable assistance rendered to me when I visited the United States in 1873: Mr. Thomas Stewardson, jun., laid me under great obligation by his conversation and correspondence. I have also gleaned some fresh particulars from papers in the Record Office, and from Reports of the Historical Commission.

JOHN STOUGHTON.

EALING,

October, 1882.