網頁圖片
PDF
ePub 版

She replied

In words of dubious import, but fulfill'd.

[p. 361. The story of Pausanias, king of Sparta (who commanded the Greeks at the battle of Platea, and afterwards perished for an attempt to betray the Lacedemonians), and Cleonice, is told in Plutarch's life of Cimon; and in the Laconics of Pausanias the Sophist, in his description of Greece.

The giant-sons

Of the embrace of angels. [p. 366. "That the Sons of God saw the daughters of men, that they were fair."

"There were giants in the earth in those days; and also after that, when the Sons of God came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children to them, the same became mighty men which were of old, men of renown."-Genesis, ch. vi, 2. 4.

NOTES TO MARINO FALIERO.

I emote the tardy bishop at Treviso.
An historical fact.

(p. 376.

A gondola with one oar only. (p. 379. A gondola is not like a common boat, but is as easily rowed with one oar as with two (though of course not so swiftly), and often is so from motives of privacy, and (since the decay of Venice) of economy.

They think themselves Engaged in secret to the Signory. An historical fact.

Within our palace precincts at San Polo. The Doge's private family-palace.

"Signor of the Night."

[p. 398.

Then, when the Hebrew's in thy palaces. [p. 410. The chief palaces on the Brenta now belong to the Jews, who in the earlier times of the Republic were only allowed to inhabit Mestri, and not to enter the city of Venice. The whole commerce is in the hands of the Jews and Greeks, and the Huns form the garrison.

Thou den of drunkards with the blood of princes. [p. 410. Of the first fifty Doges, five abdicated-five [p. 388. were banished with their eyes put out-five were MASSACRED and nine deposed; so that nineteen out of fifty lost the throne by violence, besides two who fell in battle: this occurred long previous to the reign of Marino Faliero. One of his more immediate predecessors, Andrea Dandolo, died of vexation. Marino Faliero himself perished as related. Amongst his successors, Foscari, after seeing his son repeatedly tortured and banished, was deposed, and died of breaking a blood-vessel, on hearing the bell of Saint Mark's toll for the election of his successor. Morosini was impeached for the loss of Candia; but this was previous to his dukedom, during which he conquered the Morea, and was styled the Peloponnesian. Faliero might truly say,

[p. 400. "I Signori di Notte" held an important charge in the old Republic.

Festal Thursday. [p. 403. "Giovedi Grasso," "fat or greasy Thursday," which I cannot literally translate in the text, was the day.

Guards! let their mouths be gagg'd, even in [p. 403. Historical fact.

the act.

Say, conscript fathers, shall she be admitted?
[p. 405

The Venetian senate took the same title as the Roman, of "Conscript Fathers."

[p. 409.

'Tis with age, then. This was the actual reply of Bailli, maire of Paris, to a Frenchman who made him the same reproach on his way to execution, in the earliest part of their revolution. I find in reading over (since the completion of this tragedy), for the first time these six years, "Venice Preserved," a similar reply on a different occasion by Renault, and other coincidences arising from the subject. I need hardly remind the gentlest reader, that such coincidences must be accidental, from the very facility of their detection by reference to so popular a play on the stage and in the closet as Otway's chef-d'œuvre.

Beggars for nobles, panders for a people! [p. 410. Should the dramatic picture seem harsh, let the reader look to the historical, of the period prophesied, or rather of the few years preceding that period. Voltaire calculated their "nostre benemerite Meretrici" at 12,000 of regulars, without including volunteers and local militia, on what authority I know not; but it is perhaps the only part of the population not decreased.

"Thou den of drunkards with the blood of princes!"

APPENDIX.

1.

MCCCLIV.

MARINO FALiero, doge XLIX.

"Fu eletto da quarantuno Elettori, il quale era Cavaliere e Conte di Valdemarino in Trivigiana, ed era ricco, e si trovava Ambasciadore a Roma. — E così a di 11. di Settembre fu creato il prefato Marino Faliero Doge. E subito furono spedite lettere al detto Doge, il quale era a Roma Oratore al Legato di Papa Innocenzo VI. ch'era in Avignone. Fu preso nel gran Consiglio d'eleggere dodici Ambasciadori incontro a Marino Faliero Doge il quale veniva da Roma. E giunto a Chioggia, il Podestà mandò Taddeo Giustiniani suo figliuolo incontro, con quindici Ganzaruoli. E poi venuto a S. Cle mente nel Bucintoro, venne un gran caligo, adeo che il Bucintoro non si potè levare. Laonde il Doge co' Gentiluomini nelle piatte vennero di lungo in questa Terra a' 5. d'Ottobre del 1354. E dovendo smontare alla riva della Paglia per lo caligo andarono ad ismontare alla riva della Piazza in mezzo alle due Colonne dove si fa la Giustizia, che fu un malissimo augurio. E a' 6.

la mattina venne alla Chiesa di San Marco alla laudazione di quello."

liero suo nipote, il quale stava con lui in Palazzo, e entrarono in questa macchinazione. Në "Trattato di Messer Marino_Faliero Doge, si partirono di lì, che mandarono per Filippo tratto da una Cronica antica. Essendo venuto Calendaro, uomo marittimo e di gran seguito, e il Giovedì della Caccia, fu fatta giusta il solito per Bertucci Israello, ingegnere e uomo astala Caccia. E a' que' tempi dopo fatta la Caccia tissimo. E consigliatisi insieme diede ordine di s` andava in Pallazo del Doge in una di quelle chiamare alcuni altri. E così per alconi giorni Sale, e con donne facevasi una festicciuola, dove la notte si riducevano insieme in Palazzo ia si ballava fino alla prima Campana, e veniva casa del Doge. E chiamarono a parte a parte una Colazione; la quale spesa faceva Messer lo altri, videlicet Niccolò Fagiuolo, Giovanni da Doge, quando v' era la Dogaressa. E poscia Corfù, Stefano Fagiano, Niccolò dalle Bende, tutti andavano a casa sua. Sopra la qual festa, Niccolò Biondo, e Stefano Trivisano. B ordine pare, che Ser Michele Steno, molto giovane e di fare sedici o diciasette Capi in diversi luoghi povero Gentiluomo, ma ardito e astuto, il qual' della Terra, i quali avessero cadaan di lore era innamorato in certa donzella della Doga- quarant'uomini provvigionati, preparati, non diressa, essendo sul Solajo appresso le Donne, fa- cendo a' detti suoi quaranta quello, che voles cesse cert' atto non conveniente, adeo che il sero fare. Ma che il giorno stabilito si mostrasse Doge comendò ch'e' fosse buttato giù dal Solajo. di far questione tra loro in diversi luoghi, aeE così quegli Scudieri del Doge lo spinsero giù ciocchè il Doge facesse sonare a San Marco le di quel Solajo. Laonde a Ser Michele parve, Campane, le quali non si possono suonare, s' che fossegli stata fatta troppo grande ignominia. egli nol comanda. E al suono delle Campane E non considerando altramente il fine, ma so questi sedici o diciasette co' suoi uomini venispra quella passione fornita la Festa, e andati sero a San Marco alle strade, che buttano in tutti via, quella notte egli andò, e sulla cadrega, Piazza. E così i nobili e primarj Cittadini, che dove sedeva il Doge nella Sala dell' Udienza venissero in Piazza, per sapere del romore ciò (perchè allora i Dogi non tenevano panno di ch'era, li tagliassero a pezzi. E seguito questo, seta sopra la cadrega, ma sedevano in una ca- che fosse chiamato per Signore Messer Marine drega di legno) scrisse alcune parole disoneste Faliero Doge. E fermate le cose tra loro, stadel Doge e della Dogaressa, cioè: Marin Faliero bilito fu, che questo dovess' essere a' 15 d'Aprile dalla bella moglie: Altri la gode, ed egli la man- del 1355 in giorno di Mercoledì. La quate`matiene. E la mattina furono vedute tali parole chinazione trattata fu tra loro tanto segretascritte. E parve una brutta cosa. E per la mente, che mai nè pure se ne sospettò, non che Signoria fu commessa la cosa agli Avvogadori se ne sapesse cos' alcuna. Ma il Signor Iddio, del Comune con grande efficacia. I quali Avvo- che ha sempre ajutato questa gloriosissima Città, gadori subito diedero taglia grande per venire e che per le santimonie e giustizie sue mai non in chiaro della verità di chi avea scritto tal let-l'ha abbandonata, ispirò a un Beltramo Bergatera. E tandem si seppe, che Michele Steno avcale scritte. E fu per la Quarantia preso di ritenerlo; e ritenuto confessò, che in quella passione d'essere stato spinto giù dal Solajo, presente la sua amante, egli aveale scritte. Onde poi fu placitato nel detto Consiglio, e parve al Consiglio si per rispetto all' età, come per la caldezza d'amore, di condannarlo a compiere due mesi in prigione serrato, e poi ch' e' fusse bandito di Venezia e dal distretto per un'anno. Per la qual condennagione tanto piccola il Doge ne prese grande sdegno, parendogli che non fosse stata fatta quella estimazione della cosa, che ricercava la sua dignità del Ducato. E diceva, ch' eglino doveano averlo fatto appiccare per la gola, o saltem bandirlo in perpetuo da Venezia. E perchè (qnando deve succedere un' effetto è necessario che vi concorra la cagione a fare_tal' effetto) era destinato, che a Messer Marino Doge fosse tagliata la testa, perciò occorse, che entrata la Quaresima il giorno dopo che fu condannato il detto Ser Michele Steno, un Gentiluomo da Cà Barbaro, di natura collerico, andasse all' Arsenale, domandasse certe cose ai Padroni, ed era alla presenza de' Signori l'Ammiraglio dell' Arsenale. Il quale intesa la domanda, disse, che non si poteva fare. Quel Gentiluomo venne a parole coll' Ammiraglio, e diedegli un pugno su un'ochio. E perchè avea un'anello in deto, coll' anello gli ruppe la pelle, e fece sangue. E l'Ammiraglio cosi battuto e insanguinato andò al Doge a lamentarsi, acciocchè il Doge facesse fare gran punizione contra il detto da Ca Barbaro: Il Doge disse: Che vuoi che ti faccia? Guarda le ignominiose parole | scritte di me, e il modo ch'è stato punito quel ribaldo di Michele Steno, che le scrisse. E quale stima hanno i Quaranta fatto della persona nostra. Laonde l'Ammiraglio gli disse: Messer lo Doge, se voi volete farvi Signore, e fare tagliare tutti questi becchi Gentiluomini a pezzi, mi basta l'animo, dandomi voi ajuto, di farvi Signore di questa Terra. E allora voi potrete castigare tutti costoro. Intese queste, il Doge disse, Come si può fare una simile cosa? E così entrarono in ragionamento.

masco, il quale fu messo Capo di quarant' uomini per uno de' detti congiurati (il quale intese qualche parola, sicché comprese l'effetto, che doveva succedere, e il qual era di casa di Ser⚫ Niccolò Lioni de Santo Stefano) di andare a di... d'Aprile a Casa del detto Ser Niccolò Lioni. E gli disse ogni cosa dell' ordin dato. Il quale intese le cose, rimase come morto; e intese molte particolarità, il detto Beltramo il pregò che lo tenesse segreto, e glielo disse, acciocchè il detto Ser Niccolò non si partisse di casa a di 15 acciochè egli non fosse morto. Ed egli vəlendo partirsi, il fece ritenere a suoi di casa, e serrarlo in una camera. Ed esso andò a casa di M. Giovanni Gradenigo Nasone, il quale fa poi Doge, che stava anch' egli a Santo Stefano; e dissegli la cosa. La quale parendogli, com'era, d'una grandissima importanza, tutti e due andarono a casa di Ser Marco Cornaro, che stava a San Felice. E dettogli il tutto, tutti e tre deliberarono di venire a casa del detto Ser Niccolò Lioni, ed esaminare il detto Beltramo. E quello esaminato, intese le cose, il fecero stare serrato. E andarono tutti e tre a San Salvatore in Sacristia, e mandarono i loro famigli a chiamare i Consiglieri, gli Avvogadori, i Capi de Dieci, e que' del Consiglio. E ridotti insieme dissero loro le cose. I quali rimasero morti. E deliberarono di mandare pel detto Beltramo, e fattolo venire cautamente, ed esaminatolo, e verificate le cose, ancorchè ne sentissero gran passione, pure pensarono la provvisione. E masdarono pe' Capi de' Quaranta, pe' Signori di notte, pe' Capi de' Sestieri, e pe Cinque della Pace. E ordinato, ch' eglino co' loro uomini trovassero degli altri buoni uomini, e mandassero a casa de' Capi de' congiurati, ut supra mettessero loro le mani addosso. E tolsero detti le Maestrerie dell' Arsenale, acciocchè i provvisionati de congiurati non potessero offenderli. E si ridussero in Palazzo verso la sera Dove ridotti fecero serrare le porte de la corte del Palazzo. E mandarono a ordinare ai Campanaro, che non sonasse le Campane. E così fa eseguito, e messe le mani addosso a tutti i nominati di sopra, furono que' condotti al Palazzo. "Il Doge mandò a chiamare Ser Bertucci Fa-E vedendo il Consiglio de' Dieci, che il Doge

[ocr errors]

era nella cospirazione, presero di eleggere venti de' primarj della Terra, di giunta al detto Consiglio a consigliare, non però che potessero mettere pallotta.

[ocr errors]

di notte. Ed essendo stati impiccati I traditori, e tagliata la testa al Doge, rimase la Terra in gran riposo, e quiete. E come in una Cronica ho trovato, fu portato il Corpo del Doge in una E chiamati questi venti nel Consiglio de' Dieci, barca con otto doppieri a seppelire nella sua fu mandato per Messer Marino Faliero Doge, arca a San Giovanni e Paolo, la quale al preil quale andava pel Palazzo con gran gente, gen- sente è in quell' andito per mezzo la Chiesuola tiluomini, e altra buona gente, che non sapeano di Santa Maria della Pace, fatta fare pel Vesancora come il fatto stava. In questo tempo fu covo Gabriello di Bergamo, e un Cassone di condotto, preso, e ligato, Bertucci Israello, uno Pietra con queste lettere. Heic jacet Dominus de' Capi del trattato per que' di Santa Croce, Marinus Faletro Dux. E nel gran Consiglio non e ancora fu preso Zanello del Brin, Nicoletto di gli è stato fatto alcun Brieve, ma il luogo vacuo Rosa, e Nicoletto Alberto, il Guardiaga, e altri con lettere, che dicono cosi: Hic est locus Mauomini da mare, e d'altre condizioni. I quali rini Faletro, decapitati pro criminibus. E pare, furono esaminati, e trovata la verità del tradi- che la sua casa fosse data alla Chiesa di Sant' mento. A di 16. d'Aprile fu sentenziato pel detto Apostolo, la qual era quella grande sul Ponte. Consiglio de Dieci, che Filippo Calandario, e Tamen vedo il contrario che è pure di Cà FaBertucci Israello fossero appiccati alle Colonne liero, o che i Falieri la ricuperassero con danari rosse del balconate del Palazzo, nelle quali sta dalla Chiesa. Nè voglio restar di scrivere ala vedere il Doge la festa della Caccia. E così cuni, che volevano, che fosse messo nel suo furono appiccati con spranghe in bocca. E nel breve, cioè: Marinus Faletro Dux. Temeritas giorno seguente questi furono condannati, Nic-me cepit. Pœnas lui, decapitatus pro criminibus. colò Zuccuolo, Nicoletto Blondo, Nicoletto Doro, Altri vi fecero un Distico assai degno al sue Marco Giuda, Jacomello Dagolino, Nicoletto merito, il quale è questo, da essere posto su la Fedele figliuolo di Filippo Calendaro, Marco sua sepultura : Torello detto Israello, Stefano Trivisano Cambiatore di Santa Margherita, Antonio dalle Bende. Furono tutti presi a Chioggia, che fuggivano, e dipoi in diversi giorni a due a due, e a uno a uno, per sentenza fatta nel detto Consiglio de Dieci, furono appiccati per la gola alle Colonne, continuando dalle rosse del Palazzo, seguendo fin verso il Canale. E altri presi furono lasciati, perchè sentirono il fatto, ma non vi furono tal che fu dato loro ad intendere per questi capi, che venissero coll' arme, per prendere alcuni malfattori in servigio della Signoria, nè altro sapeano. Fu ancora liberato Nicoletto Alberto, il Guardiaga, e Bartolommeo Ciriuola, e suo figliuolo, e molti altri, che non erano in colpa.

"Dux Venetum jacet heic, patriam qui prodere tentans,

Sceptra, decus, censum, perdidit, atque caput."

"Non voglio restar di scrivere quello che ho letto in una Cronica, cioè, che Marino Faliero trovandosi Podestà e Capitano a Treviso, e do vendosi fare una Processione, il Vescovo stette troppo a far venire il Corpo di Cristo. Il detto Faliero era di tanta superbia e arroganza, che diede un buffetto al prefato Vescovo, per modo ch' egli quasi cadde in terra. Però fu permesso, che il Faliero perdette l'intelletto, e fece la mala morte, come ho scritto di sopra.“

[ocr errors]

*

Cronica di Sanuto-Muratori S. S. Rerum Italicarum-vol. xx11. 628-639.

II.

MCCCLIV.

MARINO FALIERO, DOGE XLIX.

"E a di 16. d'Aprile, giorno di Venerdì, fu sentenziato nel detto Consiglio de' Dieci, di tagliare la testa a Messer Marino Faliero Doge sul pato della Scala di pierra, dove i Dogi giurano il primo sagramento, quando montano prima in Palazzo. E così serrato il Palazzo la mattina seguente a ora di Terza, fu tagliata la testa al detto Doge a dì 17. d'Aprile. E prima la beretta fu tolta di testa al detto Doge, avanti che venisse giù dalla Scala. E compiuta la giustizia, pare che un Capo de' Dieci andasse alle Colonne del Palazzo sopra la Piazza, e mo- On the eleventh day of September, in the year strasse la spada insanguinata a tutti, dicendo: of our Lord 1354, Marino Faliero was elected E stata fatta la gran giustizia del Traditore. and chosen to be the Duke of the Commonwealth E aperta la Porta tutti entrarono dentro con of Venice. He was Count of Valdemarino, in gran furia a vedere il Doge, ch' era stato giu- the Marches of Treviso, and a Knight and a stiziato. E' da sapere, che a fare la detta giu- wealthy man to boot. As soon as the election stizia non fu Ser Giovanni Sanudo il Consigliere, was completed, it was resolved in the Great perchè era andato a casa per difetto della per- Council, that a deputation of twelve should be sona, sicchè furono quatordici seli, che ballotta- despatched to Marino Faliero the Duke, who rono, cioè cinque Consiglieri, e nove del Con- was then on his way from Rome; for, when he siglio de Diece. E fu preso, che tutti i beni was chosen, he was Embassador at the court of del Doge fossero confiscati nel Comune, e cosi the Holy Father, at Rome,-the Holy Father degli altri traditori. E fu conceduto al detto himself held his court at Avignon. When MesDoge pel detto Consiglio de' Dieci, ch' egli po- ser Marino Faliero the Duke was about to land tesse ordinare del suo per Ducati due mila. in this city, on the fifth day of October, 1354, a Ancora fu preso, che tutti i Consiglieri, e Avo- thick haze came on, and darkened the air; and gadori del Comune, que' del Consiglio de' Dieci, he was enforced to land on the place of Saint e della Giunta, ch'erano stati a fare la detta Mark, between the two columns on the spot sentenza del Doge, e d'altri, avessero licenza di where evil doers are put to death; and all portar arme di di e di notte in Venezia e da thought that this was the worst of tokens.-Nor Grado fino a Cavarzere, ch' è sotto il Dogato, must I forget to write that which I have read con due fanti in vita loro, stando i fanti con in a chronicle.-When Messer Marino Faliero essi in casa al suo pane e al suo vino. E chi was podesta and Captain of Treviso, the Bishop non avesse fanti, potesse dar tal licenza a' suoi delayed coming in with the holy sacrament, on figliuoli ovvero fratelli, due però e non più. a day when a procession was to take place. Now Eziandio fu data licenza dell' arme a quattro the said Marino Faliero was so very proud and Notaj della Cancelleria, cioè della Corte Mag-wrathful, that he buffeted the Bishop, and almost giore, che furono a prendere le deposizioni e in- struck him to the ground. And, therefore, Heaquisizioni, in perpetuo a loro soli, i quali fu- ven allowed Marino Faliero to go out of his rouo Amadio, Nicoletto di Loreno, Steffanello, right senses, in order that he might bring hime Pietro de Compostelli, Scrivani de' Signoril self to an evil death.

When this Duke had held the Dukedom during nine months and six days, he being wicked and ambitious, sought to make himself lord of Venice, in the manner which I have read in an ancient chronicle. When the Thursday arrived upon which they were wont to hunt the Bull, the Bullhunt took place as usual; and according to the usage of those times, after the Bull-hunt had ended, they all proceeded unto the palace of the Duke, and assembled together in one of his halls; and they disported themselves with the women. And until the first bell tolled they danced, and then a banquet was served up. My Lord the Duke paid the expenses thereof, provided he had a Duchess, and after the banquet they all returned to their homes.

Now to this feast there came a certain Ser Michele Steno, a gentleman of poor estate and very young, but crafty and daring, and who loved one of the damsels of the Duchess.-Ser Michele stood amongst the women upon the solajo; and he behaved indiscreetly, so that my

Lord the Duke ordered that he should be kicked off the solajo; and the Esquires of the Duke flung him down from the solajo accordingly. Ser Michele thought that such an affront was beyond all bearing: and when the feast was over, and all other persons had left the palace, he continuing heated with anger, went to the hall of audience, and wrote certain unseemly words relating to the Duke and the Duchess, upon the chair in which the Duke was used to sit; for in those days the Duke did not cover his chair with cloth of sendal, but he sat in a chair of wood. Ser Michele wrote thereon:-Marin Falier, the husband of the fair wife; others kiss her, but he keeps her." In the morning the words were seen, and the matter was considered to be very scandalous; and the Senate commanded the Avogadori of the Commonwealth to proceed therein with the greatest diligence. A largesse of great amount was immediately proffered by the Avogadori in order to discover who had written these words. And at length it was known that Michele Steno had written them. It was resolved in the Council of Forty that he should be arrested; and he then confessed, that in a fit of vexation and spite, occasioned by his being thrust off the 80lajo in the presence of his mistress, he had

written the words. Therefore the Council debated thereon. And the Council took his youth into consideration, and that he was a lover, and therefore they adjudged that he should be kept in close confinement during two months, and that afterwards he should be banished from Venice and the state during one year. In consequence of this merciful sentence the Duke became exceedingly wroth, it appearing to him that the Council had not acted in such a manner as was required by the respect due to his ducal dignity; and he said that they ought to have condemned Ser Michele to be hanged by the neck, or at least to be banished for life.

Now it was fated that my Lord Duke Marino was to have his head cut off. And as it is necessary when any effect is to be brought about, that the cause of such effect must happen, it therefore came to pass, that on the very day after sentence had been pronounced on Ser Michele Steno, being the first day of Lent, a Gentleman of the house of Barbaro, a choleric Gentleman, went to the arsenal and required certain things of the masters of the galleys. This he did in the presence of the Admiral of the arsenal, and he, hearing the request, answered,-No, it cannot be done. -High words arose between the Gentleman and the Admiral, and the Gentleman struck him with his fist just above the eye; and as he happened to have a ring on his finger, the ring cut the Admiral and drew blood. The Admiral, all bruised and bloody, ran straight to the Duke to complain, and with the intent of praying him to inflict some heavy

punishment upon the Gentleman of Ca Barbara "What wouldst thou have me do for thee?" answered the Duke; "think upon the shameful gibe which hath been written concerning me; and think on the manner in which they have punished that ribald Michele Steno, who wrote it; and see how the Council of Forty respect our person."-Upon this the Admiral answered "My Lord Duke, if you would wish to mak yourself a Prince and to cut all those cuckoldy gentlemen to pieces, I have the heart, if you do but help me, to make you Prince of all this state; and then you may punish them all.”Hearing this, the Duke said:"How can such a matter be brought about?"—and so they die coursed thereon.

The Duke called for his nephew Ser Bertnecio Israello, who was exceedingly wily and cunning. Then taking counsel amongst themselves, they agreed to call in some others; and so, fər Duke at home in his palace. And the following several nights successively, they met with the

men were

called in singly; to wit: - Nicolo Fagiuolo, Giovanni da Corfu, Stefano, Niccole visiano. It was concerted that sixteen or sevendalle Bende, Niccolo Biondo, and Stefano Triof the city, each being at the head of forty men, teen leaders should be stationed in various parts armed and prepared; but the followers were not to know their destination. On the appointed day they were to make affrays amongst themselves here and there, in order that the Duke might Marco: these bells are never rung but by the have a pretence for tolling the bells of San order of the Duke. And at the sound of the followers, were to come to San Marco, through bells, these sixteen or seventeen, with their the streets which open upon the Piazza. And when the noble and leading citizens should come into the Piazza, to know the cause of the riot, then the conspirators were to cut them in pieces; and this work being finished, my Lord Marino Faliero the Duke was to be proclaimed the Lord of Venice. Things having been thus settled, they agreed to fulfil their intent on Wednesday, the fifteenth day of April, in the year 1355. So covertly did they plot, that no one ever dreamt of their machinations.

But the Lord, who hath always helped this most glorious city, and who, loving its righteousness and holiness, hath never forsaken it, inspired one Beltramo Bergamasco to be the cause of bringing the plot to light in the following manner. This Beltramo, who belonged to Ser Niccolo Lioni of Santo Stefano, had heard a word or two of what was to take place; and so, in the before-mentioned month of April, he went to the house of the aforesaid Ser Niccolo Lioni, and told him all the particulars of the plot. Ser Niccolo, when he heard all these things, was struck dead, as it were, with affright. He heard all the particulars, and Beltramo prayed him to keep it all secret; and, if he told Ser Niccolo, it was in order that Ser Niccolo might stop at home on the fifteenth of April, and thus save his life. Beltramo was going, but Ser Niccolo ordered his servants to lay hands upon him and lock him up. Ser Niccolo then went to the house of Messer Giovanni Gradenigo Nasoni, who afterwards became Duke, and who also lived at Santo Stefano, and told him all. The matter seemed to him to be of the very greatest importance, as indeed it was; and they two went to the house of Ser Marco Cornaro, who lived at San Felice; and, having spoken with him, they all three then determined to go back to the house of Ser Niccolo Lioni, to examine the said Beltramo; and having questioned him, and heard all that he had to say, they left him in confinement. And then they all three went into the sacristy of San Salvatore, and sent their men to summon the Counsellors,

the Avogadori, the Capi de' Dieci, and those of the Great Council.

When all were assembled, the whole story was told to them. They were struck dead, as it were, with affright. They determined to send for Beltramo. He was brought in before them. They examined him and ascertained that the matter was true; and, althongh they were exceedingly troubled, yet they determined upon their measures. And they sent for the Capi de' Quaranta, the Signori di Notte, the Capi de' Sestieri, and the Cinque della Pace; and they were ordered to associate to their men other good men and true, who were to proceed to the houses of the ringleaders of the conspiracy and secure them. And they secured the foremen of the arsenal, in order that the conspirators might | not do mischief. Towards nightfall they assembled in the palace. When they were assembled in the palace, they caused the gates of the quadrangle of the palace to be shut. And they sent to the keeper of the bell-tower and forbade the tolling of the bells. All this was carried into effect. The before-mentioned conspirators were secured, and they were brought to the palace; and as the Council of Ten saw that the Duke was in the plot, they resolved that twenty of the leading men of the state should be associated to them, for the purpose of consultation and deliberation, but that they should not be allowed to ballot.

These twenty were accordingly called in to the Council of Ten; and they sent for my Lord Marino Faliero the Duke; and my Lord Marino | was then consorting in the palace with people of great estate, gentlemen, and other good men, none of whom knew yet how the fact stood.

At the same time Bertuccio Israello, who, as one of the ringleaders, was to head the conspirators in Santa Croce, was arrested and bound, and brought before the Council. Zanello del Brin, Nicoletto di Rosa, Nicoletto Alberto, and the Guardiaga, were also taken, together with several seamen, and people of various ranks. These were examined, and the truth of the plot was ascertained.

On the sixteenth of April judgment was given in the Council of Ten, that Filippo Calendario and Bertuccio Israello should be hanged upon the red pillars of the balcony of the palace, from which the Duke is wont to look at the Bull-hunt: and they were hanged with gags in their mouths. The next day the following were condemned: -Niccolo Zuccuolo, Nicoletto Blondo, Nicoletto Doro, Marco Giuda, Jacomello Dagolino, Nicoletto Fidele, the son of Filippo Calendaro, Marco Torello, called Israello, Stefano Trivisano, the money-changer of Santa Margherita, and Antonio dalle Bende. These were all taken at Chiozza, for they were endeavouring to escape. Afterwards, by virtue of the sentence which was passed upon them in the Council of Ten, they were hanged on successive days, some singly and some in couples, upon the columns of the palace, beginning from the red columns, and so going onwards towards the canal. And other prisoners were discharged, because, although they had been involved in the conspiracy, yet they had not assisted in it: for they were given to understand by some of the heads of the plot, that they were to come armed and prepared for the service of the state, and in order to secure certain criminals, and they knew nothing else. Nicoletto Alberto, the Guardiaga, and Bartolom. meo Ciruola and his son, and several others, who were not guilty, were discharged.

On Friday, the sixteenth day of April, judgment was also given, in the aforesaid Council of Ten, that my Lord Marino Faliero, the Duke, should have his head cut off, and that the execution should be done on the landing place of the stone staircase, where the Dukes take their oath when they first enter the palace. On the

following day, the seventeenth of April, the doors of the palace being shut, the Duke had his head cut off, about the hour of noon. And the cap of estate was taken from the Duke's head before he came down stairs. When the execution was over, it is said that one of the Council of Ten went to the columns of the palace over against the place of St. Mark, and that he showed the bloody sword unto the people, crying out with a loud voice-"The terrible doom hath fallen upon the traitor!"—and the doors were opened, and the people all rushed in, to see the corpse of the Duke, who had been beheaded.

It must be known, that Ser Giovanni Sanndo, the councillor, was not present when the aforesaid sentence was pronounced; because he was unwell and remained at home. So that only fourteen ballotted; that is to say, five councillors, and nine of the Council of Ten. And it was adjudged, that all the lands and chattels of the Duke, as well as of the other traitors, should be forfeited to the state. And, as a grace to the Duke, it was resolved in the Council of Ten, that he should be allowed to dispose of two thousand ducats out of his own property. And it was resolved, that all the councillors and all the Avogadori of the commonwealth, those of the Council of Ten, and the members of the junta who had assisted in passing sentence on the Duke and the other traitors, should have the privilege of carrying arms both by day and by night in Venice, and from Grado to Cavazere. And they were also to be allowed two footmen carrying arms, the aforesaid footmen living and boarding with them in their own houses. And he who did not keep two footmen might transfer the privilege to his sons or his brothers; but only to two. Permission of carrying arms was also granted to the four Notaries of the Chancery, that is to say, of the Supreme Court, who took the depositions; and they were Amedio, Nicoletto di Lorino, Steffanello, and Pietro de Compostelli, the secretaries of the Signori di Notte.

After the traitors had been hanged, and the Duke had had his head cut off, the state remained in great tranquillity and peace. And, as I have read in a chronicle, the corpse of the Duke was removed in a barge, with eight torches, to his tomb in the church of San Giovanni e Paolo, where it was buried. The tomb is now in that aisle in the middle of the little church of Santa Maria della Pace, which was built by Bishop Gabriel of Bergamo. It is a coffin of stone, with these words engraved thereon: Heic jacet Dominus Marinus Faletro Dux." And they did not paint his portrait in the hall of the Great Council:-But in the place where it ought to have been, you see these words :-"Hic est locus Marini Faletro decapitati pro criminibus” — and it is thought that his house was granted to the church of Sant' Apostolo; it was that great one near the bridge. Yet this could not be the case, or else the family bought it back from the church; for it still belongs to Cà Faliero. I must not refrain from noting, that some wished to write the following words in the place where his portrait ought to have been, as aforesaid:"Marinus Faletro Dux, temeritas me cepit, pœnas lui, decapitatus pro criminibus."-Others, also, indited a couplet, worthy of being inscribed upon his tomb:

"Dux Venetum jacet heic, patriam qui prodere

tentans,

"Sceptra, decus, censum, perdidit, atque caput.”

III.

"Al giovane Doge Andrea Dandolo succedette un vecchio, il quale tardi si pose al timone della repubblica, ma sempre prima di quel, che facca

« 上一頁繼續 »