92 ATLANTIC REPORTER Pennsylvania R. Co., Soriero v., two cases Pennsylvania R. Co., Spada v. (N. J.)... Perow Co. v. Lewiston Sec. Co. (Me.).. .1087 1 Rhodes Bros. Co. v. Musicians' Protective 811 Ridout, Duvall v. (Md.). 812 Robinson v. Robinson (N. J.). 94 Robison v. Pennsylvania R. Co. (Pa.). 736 529 Rochester v. Indiana County Gas Co. (Pa.) 717 218 Rollins v. Blackden (Me.) Roren Drop Forging Co. v. Union Mfg. & Philadelphia, B. & W. R. Co., Whittington v. (Del. Super.) Phillips v. Crownfield (Md.). Phipps, Heron v. (Pa.).. Phoenix Ins. Co., Fadden v. (N. H.) Pickering, Bartlett v. (Me.). Pierce, State v. (Vt.). more (Md.).. 1040 Pindle v. Randall (R. I.). 621 Com'rs, Peakes (Me.) Pittsburgh, M. & Y. R. Co., Marine Coal Plumb, McMahon v. (Conn.). Plummer v. Washington, B. & A. Electric Polland v. Grand Trunk R. Co. of Can- Pollica v. Twin State Gas & Electric Co. (Vt.) Poole v. Sherman (R. I.). Portland Terminal Co., Cooney v. (Me.). Powers v. Rutland R. Co. (Vt.).. Pratt v. Hill (Md.). Pressey, De Zeng Standard Co. v. (N. J. Press Pub. Co., Stahl v. (Pa.). Public Service Corp. of New Jersey, Green- Public Service Corp. of New Jersey, Miller v. (N. J.).... Public Service Gas Co. v. Board of Public Quail, State v. (Del. Gen. Sess.). Utility Com'rs (N. J.).. Public Service R. Co. v. Board of Public V. Utility Com'rs (N. J.)... Public Service R. Co., Jones v. (N. J.). Ramsden, Huntington v. (N. H.). Randall, Johnson v., two cases (R. I.). (Pa.) R. B. Dunning & Co., Keeling-Easter Co. v. (Me.) Page 604 Reitze, State v. (N. J. Sup.)... ..1082 278 .1080 982 344 343 606 .1087 397 61 942 175 688 113 583 536 38 150 574 178 648 463 543 .... 641 ..1087 847 474 394 Saco Grange, Patrons of Husbandry, No. 58 209 586 .1078 Rose, Moyn v. (Pa.). .1018 Roseville Trust Co. v. Curtiss (N. J. Ch.).. 580 808 Page 576 747 554 873 Rothwell, State v. (Del. Gen. Sess.). Ruffner v. Jamison Coal & Coke Co. (Pa.)..1075 820 Ruthenian Greek Catholic Congregation, Rutland R. Co., Powers v. (Vt.). 85 521 339 427 859 131 463 649 974 St. Laurent v. Manchester St. Ry. (N. H.) 959 Salter v. Greenwood (Me.). Sanders v. Boston & M. R. R. (N. H.). 596 81 81 789 891 867 274 198 244 Security Trust & Safe Deposit Co. v. Mar- 245 Seeley v. Central Vermont R. Co. (Vt.)... 28 Senft v. Western Maryland R. Co. (Pa.)..... 553 348 163 546 488 336 336 964 829 829 140 929 Read Drug & Chemical Co. of Baltimore Shannon v. Boston & M. R. R. (N. H.)... 167 328 Shaw v. Oliver (Me.). . . 204 Shepherd v. Maine Cent. R. Co. (Me.). 189 997 14 284 862 991 789 Sherman, Haworth v. (R. I.). Short, Gebhard v. (Del. Ch.). Smith, Folsom v. (Me.). Smith v. Milford (Conn.). Smith v. Pennsylvania R. Co. (Pa.). Smith Schoonmaker Co., Voorhees v. Min. Co. (N. J. Sup.) Stafford, Young v. (N. J. Sup.). State, Bradfield v. (Del. Gen. Sess.). J. Sup.).. Smith v. Smith (N. J. Ch.). 716 ough of Greensburg (Pa.).. Spada v. Pennsylvania R. Co. (N. J.).. State v. Kittredge (N. J. Sup.). State v. Butler (Me.). State v. Cavalluzzi (Me.). State v. Collingswood Sewerage Co., two State v. Perkins (Vt.).. State v. Pierce (Vt.). State v. Quail (Del. Gen. Sess.). (N. ... State Board of Assessors, Long Deck Co. v. (N. J.).......... State Board of Equalization of Texas, Town of Montclair v. (N. J. Sup.).. 909 Steadman v. roster (N. J.). 782 Stephens-Adamson Mfg. Co. v. Bigelow (N. 898 234 702 103 .1003 364 675 318 .1085 486 253 53 280 791 223 126 604 379 J.) Sternberg v. Wolff (N. J. Ch.). Stevenson v. Mellor (Pa.). Sun Ins. Office of London, Eng., Wakely .1087 Supreme Lodge, Knights & Ladies of Hon- Swallow v. Swallow (N. J. Ch.). Swick, Moosbrugger v. (N. J. Sup.). 578 837 (Md.) 961 785 32 Thomas, Taylor v. (N. H.). 619 Thompson v. Graham (Pa.). 978 Thrasher, Belmont Dairy Co. v. (Md.).. 988 Thurston v. Carter (Me.).. 164 Tilton v. Court of Common Pleas of Ocean Titlow v. Reliance Life Ins. Co. (Pa.). Tomuschat v. North British & Mercantile Page 53 898 662 170 439 270 353 v. (Del. 398 585 .1087 808 136 711 621 872 325 180 713 133 392 319 806 506 284 182 713 820 .1022 76 269 586 .1087 554 312 922 Travers v. Hartman, two cases (Del. 740 876 870 747 944 329 329 87 Torrington Water Co., Hayes v. (Conn.).. 406 88 Towle v. Ramsden (N. H.). 336 97 926 6 810 740 118 766 295 853 Town of Boonton v. Logan (N. J. Sup.).. 813 Town of Grand Isle v. McGowan (Vt.)... 549 773 Town of Hampton, Newcomb v. (N. H.).. 802 387 Town of Milford, Smith v. (Conn.). 270 Town of New Boston, Blood v. (N. H.).. 954 816 675 432 1 Township of Hanover, McCormick v. (Pa.) 195 218 Township of Riverside, Mitsch v. (N. J.) 436 89 Traders' & Mechanics' Bank of Pittsburgh, 576 Commonwealth v. (Pa.)... 145 Trask, Hunt v. (N. J.).. .1087 867 Truitt v. Lecates (Del. Super.) 750 .1086 855 277 850 Tustin, First Nat. Bank v. (Pa.)...... Twin State Gas & Electric Co., Pollica Ulanowsky, Supreme Lodge, Knights & 711 Union Grange Fair Ass'n, Whitcher v. (N. H.)... 735 United Electric Light & Water Co., Lane v. (Conn.)... 430 1018 Union Mfg. & Drop Forging Co., Roren Vermont Val. R. R., Averill v. (Vt.). Page Page 119 West Penn. Rys. Co., Green v. (Pa.)... 341 13 718 150 735 940 White v. Cadmus (N. J. Ch.). 411 763 .1057 494 White v. Winchester (Md.).. 331 Whittington v. Philadelphia, B. & W. R. Wiles, Hill v. (Me.). 812 996 Wiley v. London & Lancashire Fire Ins. 678 Wilkinson, Gaddis & Co., Langberg v. (N. 398 Willet v. Lewiston, A. & W. St. Ry. (Me.).10S5 .1012 Williams, City of Baltimore v. (Md.).. .1066 988 .1015 63 Wilmington & P. Traction Co., McGowan 394 v. (Del. Super.)... 394 Wilmore Coal Co., Shaffer v. (Pa.). . 701 321 Wilton Woolen Co. v. G. H. Bass & Co. 989 (Me.) Co., Linthicum v. (Md.).. Washington Trust Co. v. Norwich & West Co. (Pa.)... Weiller v. Weiss (Md.). erly Traction Co. (Conn.). Waterbury Mfg. Co., Zalewski v. (Conn.).. 79 328 513 220 360 280 354 136 917 536 880 GS2 968 290 553 .1028 .1028 876 663 733 Weiss, Weiller v. (Md.). Weld, Tebo v. (Del. Super.). Wennell v. Dowson, two cases (Conn.). (Pa.) 698 Western Maryland R. Co., Senft v. (Pa.) 553 West Jersey Securities Co., Fleisher v. (N. J. Ch.). 575 West Jersey & S. R. Co. v. Board of Water 369 612 .1057 Winchester, White v. (Md.). 989 733 Wiss & Sons Co. v. H. G. Vogel Co. (N. J.) 350 457 585 301 Woodstock Agr. Soc., Bernier v. (Conn.)... 160 Wooley, State v. (Conn.).. 662 Woonsocket St. R. Co., Moore v. (R. I.).. 980 Workingman's Club of Plymouth, Macavicza v. (Pa.)... Wren, State v. (N. H.).. Wolff, Sternberg v. (N. J. Ch.). 41 170 (88 Vt. 121) THE ATLANTIC REPORTER VOLUME 92 STATE v. PERKINS. (Supreme Court of Vermont. Washington. Oct. 14, 1914.) 1. INDICTMENT AND INFORMATION (8 197*)DEMURRER-WAIVER BY PLEADING OVER. Exception to the overruling of demurrer to the information is available, notwithstanding defendant's pleading over; his right to insist on his demurrer not being thereby waived. [Ed. Note.-For other cases, see Indictment and Information, Cent. Dig. § 636; Dec. Dig. § 197.*] An information merely charging that defendant became a dealer in evergreen trees with out first procuring a license therefor, for which Acts 1910, No. 170, § 5, declares a 'fine, is insufficient, without allegations bringing him within P. S. 5012, as amended by said act of 1910. defining such a dealer as one who buys or sells in any year more than 20 evergreen trees of less than a certain size, not grown on his own land. TAYLOR, J. The respondent was informed against under P. S. c. 217 as amended 2. LICENSES (§ 42*)—PROSECUTION-INFORMA- by No. 170, Acts of 1910, for becoming a TION-DEALER IN EVERGREEN TREES." dealer in evergreen trees without first procuring a license therefor. There was trial jury at the March term, 1913, of Washington county court, and a verdict of guilty and judgment thereon, with exceptions re served by the respondent. [Ed. Note. For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. § 2671; Dec. Dig. § 1059.*] 4. CRIMINAL LAW (§ 1178*)—APPEAL-REVIEW-EXCEPTIONS NOT Briefed, Exceptions taken at the trial, not being briefed, will not be considered by the Supreme Court. [Ed. Note.-For other cases, see Licenses, Cent. Dig. §§ 88-95; Dec. Dig. § 42.*] 3. CRIMINAL LAW (§ 1059*)-APPEAL-REVIEW-RULING ON DEMURRER. The information is in six counts and charges distinct offenses, four in Waterbury, in Washington county, and two in Duxbury, in said county, all alleged as having been committed in November, 1912. The statute on which this prosecution is based was repealed Supreme court rule 13 (77 Atl. vii) provid- by No. 185, Acts of 1912, approved February ing that, when demurrant is the excepting party, he will not, without leave, be heard on any 21, 1913, and taking effect from its passage; cause of demurrer not shown to have been spe- but the repealing act excepted offenses comcifically pointed out on the hearing below, ap-mitted prior to February 21, 1913, and "causplies to unconstitutionality of the statute, violation of which is charged by the information, demurrer to which was overruled. es, proceedings or penalties based thereon." Before trial the respondent filed both a general and a special demurrer to the information. There was a hearing on the demurrers, which were overruled and an exception allowed the respondent. Thereupon a jury was impaneled and the trial proceeded. [Ed. Note.-For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. §§ 3011-3013; Dec. Dig. § 1178.*] 5. CRIMINAL LAW (§ 1147*)-DIRECTING VERDICT-PROVINCE OF MOTION. P. W. Perkins was convicted of violation of statute, and brings exceptions. Reversed and remanded. Argued before POWERS, C. J., and MUNSON, WATSON, HASELTON, and TAYLOR, JJ. [1] The respondent's exception to the action of the court in overruling his demurrer is available, notwithstanding his pleading over. This being a criminal case, he has not thereby waived his right to insist upon his demurrer. State v. Bosworth, 74 Vt. 315, 52 Atl. 423. The case does not show how it happened that two demurrers were filed. No specification of the grounds of demurrers relied upon was filed with the general demurrer, as required by the rules of the county court (rule 10, § 3); and the socalled special demurrer presents no ground that would not have been reached by general demurrer with specifications under the rule. County The hearing below was on the grounds assigned in the special demurrer. It is proba The proper sphere of a motion for a directed verdict is merely the questioning of the sufficiency of the evidence to support the allegations of the evidence, so that an exception to a refusal to direct a verdict for insufficiency of the information or unconstitutionality of the statute, a matter in the court's discretion, will not lie. Exceptions from Washington Court; Frank L. Fish, Judge. J. Ward Carver, State's Atty., of Barre, for the State. Richard A. Hoar, of Barre, for respondent. [Ed. Note.-For other cases, see Criminal Law, Cent. Dig. §§ 3038, 3072, 3073; Dec. Dig. 1147.*] For other cases see same topic and section NUMBER in Dec. Dig. & Am. Dig. Key-No. Series & Rep'r Indexes ble that the so-called special demurrer was intended as a specification of the grounds of demurrer required by the rule and will be so treated. [2] The several counts of the information are identical, except as to time and place. In each it is alleged that the respondent on a day named, at a place named, did become a dealer in evergreen trees without first procuring a license therefor. Six grounds of demurrer are assigned, but all come to the same question, viz., whether it is necessary to set forth the facts constituting this offense further than to charge that the respondent became a dealer in evergreen trees without license. P. S. 5012, as amended, provided: "A person, firm or corporation that buys or sells in any year more than twenty evergreen trees of less than seven inches in diameter at the butt as cut, not grown upon his own land; shall be deemed a dealer in evergreen trees." P. S. 5013 provided: "A person, firm or corporation shall, before becoming a dealer in evergreen trees procure a license therefor as provided in this chapter." In other sections the statute provided how the license shall be secured and the fees therefor. Section 5 of No. 170, Acts of 1910, provided: "A person, firm or corporation that becomes a dealer in evergreen trees without procuring a license therefor as provided in this act shall be fined not more than three hundred dollars, and each transaction of purchase or sale shall constitute a distinct offense." he has a right under the Constitution to demand. The information wholly fails to satisfy the requirements of the law, in that none of the facts necessary to constitute the offense, except want of license, are charged, and the respondent's demurrer should have been sustained. Thus it is seen that one section of the statute provided who should be deemed a dealer in evergreen trees, and another section penalized the becoming such dealer without license. The state contends that, the offense being statutory, it is sufficient to charge the offense in the language of the section of the statute providing the penalty. While it is true that an indictment or information for a statutory offense is sufficient if it follows the language thereof, when every fact necessary to constitute the offense is charged or necessarily implied by following such language (State v. Bannister, 79 Vt. 524, 65 Atl. 586), the converse is equally true that it is not sufficient to pursue even the very words of the statute unless by so doing you fully, directly, and expressly allege the fact or facts in the doing or not doing whereof the offense consists. State v. Higgins, 53 Vt. 191; State v. Fiske, 66 Vt. 434, 29 Atl. 633. This information omits to allege the facts necessary to bring the respondent within the scope of the definition of a dealer in evergreen trees. He is left to refer to the statute to ascertain what constitutes such a dealer; and, even if he were to refer to the statute for the definition, there is still nothing in the information to apprise him of the transaction complained of-neither with whom nor whether a purchase or sale. This clearly does not "apprise him of the cause [3] Respondent's counsel discuss in their brief on this exception the constitutionality of the statute; but the question is not before us. It was not urged as a ground of demurrer below, and he was not granted leave to raise the question here. Supreme court rule 13 (77 Atl. vii) provides that when the demurrant is the excepting party he will not, without leave, be heard upon any cause of demurrer not shown by the bill of exceptions to have been specially pointed out on the hearing below. In this case leave was not asked. The rules of this and the county court relating to hearings on demurrer are designed, among other things, to confine the inquiry here to a review of the question de cided in the court below. [4, 5] Other exceptions were taken at the trial, but they need not be discussed. Some of these are not briefed, and so are not for consideration; others are too plainly without merit to require notice; and still others are not likely to arise on a new trial. The exception to the refusal of the court to direct a verdict for the respondent "because the law is wholly unconstitutional" should be noticed. Such an exception is not available to raise the question. A motion for a directed verdict is in the nature of a demurrer to the evidence (Bass v. Rublee, 76 Vt. 395, 57 Atl. 965), and brings before the court the question of the sufficiency of the evidence to support the allegations of the information. An exception to the refusal of the court to direct a verdict is not the appropriate course to raise, on review, the sufficiency of the information or the validity of the law on which it is based. State v. Rosenberg, 88 Vt. -, 92 Atl. 145; State v. Louanis, 79 Vt. 463, 65 Atl. 532, 9 Ann. Cas. 194; Brattleboro v. Wait, 46 Vt. 689. The trial court may, as a matter of discretion, where the declaration or information is fatally defective, so that a motion in arrest of judgment would have to be sustained, end the case by directing a verdict for the defendant or respondent. Wright v. Bourdon, 50 Vt. 494; Batchelder v. Kinney, 44 Vt. 150; Amidon v. Aiken, 28 Vt. 440; Dyer v. Tilton, 23 Vt. 313. But it being in the discretion of the court in such case whether to allow a verdict to be taken, leaving the question to be raised on a motion in arrest, or to direct a verdict on that ground to save further expense, an exception to the court's refusal to sustain the motion does not lie. Baxter v. Winooski Turnpike Co., 22 Vt. 114, 52 Am. Dec. 84. Judgment and sentence reversed, and cause |