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is to be gained, that I am in doubt, whether I shall be understood, when I complain of want of opportunity for thinking; or whether a condemnation, which at present seems irreversible, to perpetual ignorance, will raise any compassion, either in you or your readers; yet I will venture to lay my state before you, because I be

in complaining of evils, of which they have no reason to be ashamed." Surely, as Sidney Smith* says, Falstaff himself did not wear his petticoats with a worse grace.' The reader may well cry out, with honest Sir Hugh Evans, 'I like not, when a 'oman has a great peard: I spy a great peard under her muffler." Provincialisms too, we have lately heard censured,and these in Miss Sedgewick's novels,-by one, whose judgment on any subject is worthy always of respectful examination. We have much more to say, in support of our own opinion: but it seems to us, well enough sustained by the considerations we have suggested. Here, therefore, for the present and perhaps forever, we

fully to alienate the affections of our countrymen from one another to inflame local animosities: to make discords, already too great, more fierce and implacable. One means of correcting such diversities is, to hold them up to the light, as improprieties: to put them into the mouths of persons, whom the reader will understand to be incorrect speakers, and whom he will therefore believe it is natural to most minds to take some pleasure unlikely to imitate.-In another way also, good may result. The inhabitants of each region are scarcely at all aware of the number and enormity of their own deviations from the proper English standard. They appear, to themselves, models of propriety: while their brethren, five hundred miles off, seem to speak in barbarisms. The latter, in their turn, cherish a corresponding opinion; and could probably surprise the former by the multitude of errors demonstrable in their dialect. Now, let popular writers show up these faults on both sides, in the persons they feign ;-let the Northman and the Southron, each, see his own solecisms faithfully mirrored :—and mutual tolerance, if no more, will take the place of mutual contempt.-But, if pro-leave the topic. vincialisms were well managed, more than tolerance might ensue. By association with good characters and pleasing incidents, they might at length become even agreeable, instead of odious. Accustomed to view them as coming from kind hearts and lovely lips, the far off reader would regard them with respect and affection: they would seem a patois—a simple, rustic style—connected in his thoughts with a thousand beauteous and delightful images. Such, it is well known, was the effect in England of that familiarity with the Scottish dialect, which followed the rising and diffusion of the reputation of Burns, and which was consummated by the witchery of Scott. The early prejudices against everything Scottish, which had lasted through centuries, and which stand out so fiercely in the pages of Junius,— have almost wholly vanished before the magic of literature, acting by one, natural expedient: and it was but yesterday, that the phrases of North Britain were perpetually heard, as classical, in the fashionable conversations of the sister kingdom. A similar wonder has been wrought, though to a less extent, with respect to Ireland.

*In the Edinburg Review, Sept. 1931.

Hampden Sidney College, Sept. 25, 1837. Sir,--At a meeting of the Junior and Senior Classes, we were appointed a committee to return you their thanks, for the very interesting and able lecture which you this day delivered; and to request a copy of the same for publication in the Southern Literary Messenger,*

In discharging this pleasing duty, permit us to say we cordially concur in the desire of our class, and wish you continued

success in life.

To Dr. Draper.

Yours, very respectfully,

T. S. BOCOCK,
M. D. HOGE,

T. POLLARD.

H. S. College, Sept. 26th, 1837. Gentlemen, I received your kind note, and in reply would say, that with its contents I feel not only much gratified but much honored. In complying with your request, I have to send you an imperfect address, not intended for the public eye. Let me express my sense of the favorable manner in which you

have received the course of lectures I have given, and hope the
same good feeling and affection may always subsist between us.
Ever yours,
JNO. W. DRAPER.

To Messrs. Bocock, Pollard, and Hoge.

LECTURE.

The last of a course of lectures, delivered during the years 1836-7, by John W. Draper, M. D., Professor of Chemistry, Natural Philosophy, and Physiology, in Hampden Sidney College; on the occasion of the award of an annual prize, given to the members of the Junior and Senior Classes.

We may be thought to have labored this point more than its obviousness required. But there is high precedent-no less than that of Dr. Johnson-for discarding all vulgarisms, and making "little fishes" (to use poor Goldy's good humored sarcasm upon the doctor)— making "little fishes talk like whales." What the effect was, upon the vraisemblance of his discourse through feigned persons, and consequently upon the life-likeness of the persons themselves, may be seen in Rasselas; where Nekayah and her waiting woman, Pekuah, talk in sentences long and swelling as those of the Prince, the poet, and the philosopher: or in the Idler, where "Betty Broom," a house maid, begins a second letter, giving her own history, with the following sentence—“I have often observed that friends are lost by discontinuance of intercourse, without any offence on either part, and have long known, that it is more dangerous to be forgotten than to be blamed; I therefore," &c. &c. or in the Rambler, where Cleora, a young lady, begins her letter in this wise:-"Sir, There seems to be so little knowledge left in the world, and so little of that reflection practised, by which knowledge | an attentive perusal.

GENTLEMEN,--Before we part, I am anxious to give you a brief historical sketch of the subjects we have studied during the past year, previous to awarding to

* It will, occasionally, afford us pleasure to gratify the requests of the students and friends of our literary institutions, by the insertion of addresses which they may deem worthy of this dis tinction; but still, we must claim the right in justice to our read

ers,

of exercising our own discretion in this matter, of rejecting, or admitting, according to the dictates of our own judgment, after

the successful candidate the prize for which you have | nal truths of nature? It led the way to the bright all contended with such emulation.

brought home the strange story of the discovery of Greenland and its desolate inhabitants. The lucubrations of the alchemists too, were about to develope a capital result, not indeed the making of gold, but a result whose effect was to destroy forever the distinction of physical power: the savage was no longer to triumph over the civilized man, nor were the works of art or of science, ever again to be endangered by an irruption of ignorant barbarians. The power of man, his mere physical power, was indefinitely exalted, and the force which nature had denied him in making him one of the weakest of creatures, was compensated by science more than a thousand fold, when she gave him gunpowder. To this period too, we are to refer another invention of vast benefit-the mode of consuming pit coal-an invention, which has exercised an immense influence over the

career of discovery and invention. The magnetic needle Of the science of those ages appropriately and em- came into common use, and the mariner, trusting to phatically called the dark, I need hardly speak. The this mysterious guide, boldly crossed the broadest seas; fanatical spirit of the times brought its own destruction; the ships of the enterprising Venetians, passing bethe invasion of the west of Europe by the Moham-yond the utmost boundary of geographical knowledge, medans and the Saracenic conquests, ended in the intrusions of the Crusaders. But if these infidels had brought the Koran, they had brought too their books of Astronomy and Algebra. How true it is, that the dispensations of an ever-watchful Providence, accompany evil with good, and cause light to spring out of darkness: the sword of Charles Martel saved Europe from the persecutions of the prophet; but the Franks and Saxons had insensibly imbibed a taste for the more solid learning of the Spanish Moors. A great change too had happened in the social relations of domestic life, and the disenthralment of the fair sex from the degrading bondage in which it was held, contributed in no small measure to the advancement to which the moral world was progressing; the right of inheritance of property, and the possession of lands, a right first given in the later Roman Empire, was of less impor-condition of nations, and to which the country from tance to the elevation of woman, than the chivalrous feeling which began to infect the soldiers of every country: the change thus commencing, was felt in every department of life. In England, parents were forbidden any longer to expose their own children for public sale, a degrading practice, which heretofore had been lawful. The introduction of silk into the Southern provinces of Europe, brought with it a luxury of dress; and the invention of a new system of music by ARETIN, aided in no small degree to develope those finer feelings of the heart-those feelings which music alone can touch. Nor was the improvement only confined to the refinements of life; the Saracen had brought with him the arithmetic of Arabia, and had taught the Spaniards the use of the Eastern notation. As if too, to prepare the way for the grandest of all human inventions, a discovery was brought from the East, that the papyrus of Egypt, and the parchment of Europe, might be replaced by a substance made from cotton, and shortly after, paper was made from linen rags.

whence we all draw our descent, mainly owes her posi tion in arts and arms.

Next came the great epoch. Gunpowder had given to man a kind of earthly omnipotence: printing was to give his works immortality, to diffuse throughout all the ramifications of society, the knowledge that had been hoarded up by a few. No more might the philosopher fear that his labors, in the conflicting interests of nations or passions of party, should be lost. Civilized man could spread out and perpetuate his intellectual productions. If there be any great landmark in the history of the earth-anything that points out the distinct character of one age from another, surely it is to be met with in these great discoveries. We are not to suppose, that men now possess more ability than at earlier ages; at a remote period, the Chaldeans had discovered the true system of the world, and had built up theories which we are now confirming. They wanted, however, the physical powers to disseminate their knowledge, and to protect themselves from the destruction that menaced them from more ignorant nations. Before the invention of printing and gunpowder, the world's history was a perpetual squabble of one prince with another, one nation with its rival. With a few exceptions, its philosophy was a vain show, a thing not applicable to the comforts or purposes of life. Notions of military glory made conquest the end of human ambition and of human happiness; and he who had murdered most, and burnt most, and ruined most, and pillaged most, was the greatest man: it was a conquest of man over his fellow, a conquest not less disgraceful to the vanquished than to the victor. Instead of subduing NATURE, and thereby raising the standard of power and wisdom, At the close of the thirteenth century, the human all the bad passions that can be engendered in the breast intellect awoke from its sleep. The Monk of Pisa, who of mortals bore sway, and rapine and murder required invented spectacles-a most divine invention-which no apology, provided the scale on which they were gave sight to the blind, may be said, without any ex- carried was sufficiently large. How greatly changed aggeration, to have furnished eyes to the soul as well was the world at the epoch of which I speak; men beas the body. Shall we ascribe too much importance to gan to find out, that there were other ways to be powthis invention, if we impute to it the effect of drawing erful without the destruction of their rivals, and that men's thoughts from the crudities of the metaphysical to conquer nature with her own weapons, was the only dogmas of the schools, to an investigation of the eter-mode to be truly great. And now for awhile the re

To look back to this period of intellectual infancy, there are many amusing incidents to be met with: even the language which we speak, was so poor and barren, that the composition of the commonest surnames was uninvented, for, it was not until the beginning of the thirteenth century, that surnames were generally used as distinctive appellations. Improvement, which every where was germinating, was cherished by many of the crowned heads of Europe. Alphonso, King of Castile, imitating the example of some of the monarchs of Asia, was not only a zealous student of nature, but was even the author of the famous astronomical tables which bear his name.

magnitudes. I might describe how they effected the analysis of light, and gave us the reflecting and achromatic telescopes; but time would fail me. I come, therefore, to confine myself more strictly to the limits I have proposed, to examine whether the legacy of know

sults of successful experiment followed each other with rapidity, not only in those giant discoveries which had regenerated the world, but also in the arts of peace, the arts that adorn civilized life. The construction of maps and charts, which was introduced, tended in no small degree to hasten the discovery of America. En-ledge handed down has been improved. Science should graving on copper, gave a new impulse to painting, and secured faithful representations of natural objects, where words and printing might fail to describe them. Navigation felt the great improvements that astronomy, magnetism, geography and printing had bestowed. Vasco de Gama doubled the Cape of Good Hope, and anchored his ships in the Indian seas; and to Castile and Leon, Columbus gave a new world.

neither stand still nor be on the decline, but progress forward, and push her conquests into the unexplored region of knowledge. How much greater are our inducements than those of earlier philosophers! We have learnt from their experience, how vast a treasure we are the guardians of—a treasure obtained by years of anxiety, thought and pain. Let us recollect how short the span of life, and let us gather, from what we are now to consider, a fresh determination to do our duty to the future. Man is born but to die; he comes forward on the stage of life, and has his day. Every moment the elements that are around him contend with

escape the repeated irruptions of disease, the years that pass slowly over him wear him away; one by one, all his faculties leave him; his animal life decays, and at last becomes extinct; his remaining functions are slowly and imperfectly performed. Nature, always provident, takes from him the knowledge of his end, or even makes that end desirable. The ties of his youth are broken, the endearments of other times have ceased to exist, and the terrors that youth and health have planted over the tomb are forgotten; the tranquil slumber of death comes calmly to close the troubles of life, and the old man sinks down in the lap of his mother earth, and quietly sleeps in her bosom. Then, seeing these things are so, let us resolve to discharge our duty to the future-to transmit what we have received, not only unimpaired, but with an honorable increase.

The posterity of men who had thus signalized and adorned their age, did them no disgrace. Magellan, a Portuguese, aspiring to the fame of Columbus, sailed through the straits that still bear his name; and Europe saw with astonishment, ships which had circumnaviga-him for mastery, and solicit his destruction. Should he ted the world. The telescope was produced-watches were first made the variation of the compass assigned-and improvement extended even to the minor arts: skewers which had been used by ladies were banished, and the common brass pin substituted in their stead. It is a truth, that whatever improvements take place in the condition of men, originate with themselves; and all governments have been found either to oppose, or only to yield slowly to them. For teaching the true system of the world-for the discovery of the secondary planets, the moons of Jupiter--for showing spots on the sun, the holy inquisition laid violent hands on Galileo, an immortal man; and the same government, that was forced by the times to establish in England, by act of parliament, the book of common prayer, caused to be burnt by the common hangman, the books of astronomy and geography, because they An examination into the history of science during were infected with magic. But the persecutions which the last century, is a theme of deep interest. That were endured by philosophers from the malice of princes, moral revolution which is shaking the world, is the legicould neither rein nor stop the progress of knowledge. timate offspring of the physical changes which philosoDecimal arithmetic with all its advantages was promul-phers have brought about-the lineal descendant of gated, and soon after a Scotch Baron invented loga- those capital discoveries of which I have been speakrithms; the thermometer made its appearance in Hol-ing. We are the witnesses of that grand political land; and that maritime spirit which had doubled drama which is passing in the world, producing both the capes of South Africa and South America, already evil and good. Opening with a declaration of the indesought a northwest passage to India, and projected a pendence of the North American States, it has shown visit to the north pole. Harvey discovered the circula- us the ruin of ancient monarchies on the other contition of the blood--a discovery that has done more for nent. We know not what may be the catastrophe. the advancement of medical science than almost all that The low murmur of a coming tempest is heard all over preceded it. Torricelli invented the barometer, and the world-a prelude of the conflict of intellect with proved that air possessed weight; Huygens invented the power. Political systems, which have braved the storm pendulum clock; Otto Guerick constructed the first air and the battle for a thousand years, and which their pump, and exposed bodies to a vacuum. The current founders expected would last forever, are fast changing. of discovery was now fairly in motion-scientific asso- The Anglo-Saxon, the son of freedom, has secured ciations were springing up in every country; and had himself in his island fortress on the west of Europe; things still gone on in their usual channel, the accumula- he has brought his language, his laws, and his science, tion of knowledge would have been great; but a pro-and driven the red man from these forests; he has pitious event occurred-for at the close of 1642, Isaac planted himself in the remote islands of the great PaNewton was born; a man whom God made, to compre-cific, and is there founding future empires; he has hend his works.

seized on the happy plains of India, and is there lord of I might here expatiate at length on the consequent the soil; his enterprize has colonized the burning clidevelopment of all parts of natural science, not only mates of Africa; his ships cover the ocean: what those cultivated by this great man, but those too sur-region on earth has not seen the flag of St. George and veyed by his disciples. I might point your attention to the banner with the stars? Born the champion of freethe discovery they made, of the system of the universe, dom-the protector of science-from all points on the how they weighed worlds, and told their distances and surface of the earth he is exercising a silent, but a pro

digious influence on the destinies of man; his commer- the division of time—the revolutions of the heavens, cial relations bind men of every country, of every color, This capital instrument has been brought, in the period and every faith to him. He is, as it were, the heart of of which I speak, to a great degree of perfection. A the universe; and if anything affects his condition, the similar improvement has taken place in all kinds of me. disorder will be felt to the extremest parts of the body. chanical combinations. Babbage's calculating engine is The history of the last century is full of discovery- an example in point; it is engaged in performing intridiscovery applied to the purposes of life; it is charac- cate computations for mathematical tables-its results terized by capital inventions, which will rival those of coming out with rigorous precision. Not only does all remoter periods, and raise man higher, in point of this system of wheels calculate, as though it were a power and wisdom. Shall I be blamed if I say, that living and a reasoning thing, but even writes down and some of these discoveries are godlike? If they do not prints off its labors. Consider for a moment how much confer immortality, they prolong the duration of life, we are in advance of former generations, in the arand increase the sum of human happiness by banishing rangement of materials that have been known time out disease; they confer power only limited by will; they of mind. Would ARCHIMEDES have believed it possi destroy distance; and if they cannot increase time, ble to produce a machine, that could perform computathey crowd the works of a century into a few days-tions with more accuracy than the most skilful gethey reveal to us what has occurred thousands of years ometer? before our own existence, and enable us, with the sure faith of a prophet, to divulge events that shall happen thousands of years to come.

We have made ourselves too, masters of another element. Chemistry has shown us the method of elevating ourselves above the highest mountains, and to float in the air where the clouds are beneath our feet, and an everlasting sunshine above us. The gas balloon has yet to assume that importance, to which, as a great invention, it will assuredly attain.

Nature knows no distinction of great and small; these are terms invented by man, and to which he can scarcely assign a meaning. In the mechanism of this universe, the sudden transition from what is immensely great, to what is infinitely small, meets him at every step, and in the extremes he is utterly lost. By rapidity of motion the most enormous distances are traversed. It takes but little over eight minutes for light to pass from the sun to the earth; the forest oak requires a thousand years to raise its branches a few feet above the soil. And man, too, has taught himself a way almost to annihilate geographical distances. A single hour is enough to carry him over a degree on the earth's surface; yet the rail road and its locomotive are but the inventions of yesterday. Will not they have a moral effect, rivalling that of the press? An effect too, far more general; for, to feel the benefit of printing, a

There was a disease which made terrific irruptions at irregular periods throughout the world; without respect of person, or color, or age, its course was marked with desolation. The SMALL POX, a sound of ominous import, made the wise tremble, and the giddy pause. During the period of which I speak, vaccination has been introduced, and this pestilence almost banished from the face of the earth. Had Jenner lived in the days of the Greeks, he would have shared the honors of Hercules and Esculapius. The sulphate of quina, a substance which has been discovered during the present century, has rendered regions where the white man could not live, habitable and healthy. The sulphate of morphia, gives him relief from pain in the hour of sickness, and anguish on the bed of death. Nor has the philosopher's success been confined to the cure; it has gained a nobler end-the prevention of disease. A ship could not sail a distant voyage without the certainty of losing a large part of her crew by the sea scurvy: Admiral Hosier, a century ago, sailed to the West Indies with seven ships of the line; he buried his crews twice, and died himself of a broken heart-(Her-long course of previous education is required, that the schell). A preventative of this devastation has been found, and vessels circumnavigate the world, and stay years from home without a solitary case of sickness from this cause.

And speaking of ships on the seas, brings to my mind how difficult it was but a short time ago, to assign their place; or, for the sailor to know distinctly where he

was;

without guide, save his compass, he was alone on a deep and trackless element. The rapid improvements of astronomy, have enabled us to give rules for finding the position of a ship, by observations made on the moon. How strange to the ignorant man is this, to know one's position on a boundless sea, by making observations on the moon, and drawing conclusions on the faith of some distant astronomer's calculations in his study. "Yet the alternatives of life and death, wealth and ruin, are daily and hourly staked with perfect confidence on these marvellous computations, which might almost seem to have been devised to show how closely the extremes of speculative refinement and practical utility can be brought to approximate."

Connected with this, is the invention of the chronometer, an instrument which emulates in accuracy of

civilized man alone possesses; but the steamboat and the locomotive bring the same blessing on the savage and the civilized, on the ignorant and the wise.

If the invention of printing was an epoch in our history, the invention of steam engines was hardly less important;-they give us an unlimited power, which we wield at pleasure, and yet are faithful slaves.

In the telegraph and semaphore we possess the means of instantaneous communication. The distance from London to the Navy Yard at Portsmouth, is 72 miles; yet, years ago, when the semaphore was a recent invention, a message could be sent, and an answer returned in 56 seconds. In the art of printing itself— that art which seemed to lack nothing of perfection, important additions have been made. Lithography, or printing from stone, whilst it unites the finish of copper plate engraving and mezzotinto, enables us to give autograph copies, or printed pages at pleasure. It is unquestionably one of the most elegant of modern inventions, and one of the greatest promise.

The safety lamp of Davy will forever stand forth a bright monument of this era; the fate of the miner is shut up in that little cage of wire gauze; the lives of

hundreds, and the happiness of thousands are due to this philanthropic invention. The life boat too, that cannot sink-that has saved many from a watery grave, should surely not pass unnoticed.

like our inferiors; nay, even like them, the very mode and manner of our existence may be the result of simple and uniform laws: but yet there is a something in us, that guides us in passion; a something that takes I might here speak of the computation of the chances the sting from sorrow, and bids us pursue the great of mortality, and the foundation of policies of assurance. end of existence here and hereafter-happiness. And These enable us from distress and death, to draw comon a calm evening, when we look into the blue vault fort and support for the living, and that upon no gam-above us, there is a quiet sensation that comes upon us bling or other unrighteous principle. I might speak of the invention of bleaching by chlorine,—an art which gives to the fabrics of Europe their wide-spread celebrity. I might speak of the manufacture of sugar from linen rags, or shreds of paper, or enlarge on the impossibility of famine ever occurring, since a mode has been found of converting common sawdust into wholesome nutritious bread. To these and many other such inventions and discoveries, I have already called your attention, in this course of lectures—I hasten therefore to a conclusion.

Permit me to offer you a few words of advice, by way of closing these remarks. All our measures of time and space are fitted for our own condition, and bear with them the frail marks of humanity. Created to inherit a beautiful world, but only the tenants of a few days, we are prone to look upon all things as mortal as ourselves. The rising and setting of the sun, the blooming and fading of flowers, these are things that daily remind us of the shortness of our own time; nor do we ever cast aside the impression they make and we persuade ourselves that a day must very soon come, that shall see all this order and harmony of the world finished. There is, too, a mournful pleasure in these contemplations-a pleasure that we all feel in thinking that everything around us must perish like ourselves. We try to forget that this vast machine, whose wheels have been working thousands of years, shows no marks of disarrangement. We have existed for some six thousand years; but because that appears to us long, has decrepitude come upon the world? In that time, the double star y, Leonis, has only performed five of its revolutions, and y, Virginis, little more than nine. Is it a supposition at all warranted by what we see of the perfect structure of the universe, to conclude that its parts cannot hang together, till some of them have performed half a dozen revolutions? The universe is not so crazy a machine. Remember, then, we are only the possessors of the present moment. We owe a great duty to the future: let us perform it.

"Who that surveys the speck of earth we press,
This span of life in time's vast wilderness,
This narrow isthmus twixt two boundless seas,
The past and future,-two eternities,-
Would sully the bright spot or leave it bare,
When he might build him a proud temple there;
And when he dies, might leave a glorious name,
A light, a landmark, on the cliffs of fame."

Lalla Rookh.

all. The stars that roll on eternally in the sky-the infinity of space before us-the speck on which we stand, an island in the abyss-the mere atom that we are: and yet we claim kindred with all that is great and vast, and know that we have a communion and fellowship with them, and are a part of the gigantic scheme. Nor will the stillness of death end the part that we have to perform-all around us is in motion and change; and beyond us, in worlds whose existence the telescope alone reveals, where we might look for silence and repose, the first evidence we have of existence, is the proof of life. Star revolving around star in new and unusual modes-systems, with double, triple and many suns, that beam with party-colored rays; all these things, prepare us to know that death is not an utter destruction. The voice of nature tells us, that the mind is not a result of any system of corporeal organization,-in its own state, every creature is as highly and as perfectly organized as we, and the sensory organs of many are even more developed than ours,-the informing principle that is in us, is a thing distinct-not a mere secretion of medullary matter— not the product of a conflict of voltaic currents,—it is a something that knows its own existence, that shudders at the word annihilation, and proudly claims kindred with infinitude and eternity.

Whatever may be our lot in life, and what the true purpose of our existence, an inevitable fate attends us— a fate which bears with it all the marks of eventuating as a result of a law of nature; and these are laws, which unlike those framed by human legislators, it is impossible for us to break. Though we may be powerful, and possessed of a reason capable of making us acquainted with the universe, there is not one of these regulations which we can infringe. "Thou shalt not change or destroy it," is written on every material atom-"Thou shalt be born and die,”-these are decrees with which we would struggle, in vain. Over the destinies of our own race they have given us a power, and though we are suffered to be spectators of the existence of other worlds, they restrain us to our own. These eternal decrees, show us the limits of our condition, nor should we repine. Do not the sunshine and the storm, and spring, and summer, and autumn, and winter, come as they did a thousand years ago? Do not the same stars shine afar in the night, and the same suns ripen the fruits of the earth? There is something in the calm regularity of these laws, that persuades us to commit ourselves unreservedly to their operation.'

Gifted as we are with hands to effect our wishes, and the means of transporting ourselves, superior to a great many of the brutes, those hands and all those appli- I have thus endeavored to trace the road, by which ances have not made us what we are; they have not we have become possessed of the only human knowltaught us to grasp the heavens, and enumerate dis-edge which is really valuable; it is an imperfect sketch. tances, that defy imagination; they have not given us Of the material constitution of the world, what do we the power of prophecy, nor have they granted us that know? We are infants in science; yet how wide is omnipresence, which the mind of the astronomer almost the difference between the student of nature, and the possesses. We may be creatures of passion and pain, ignorant man. Can he believe that the particles of the VOL. III.-89

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