網頁圖片
PDF
ePub 版

able peculiarity in laying its eggs at such long intervals, that a very evident difference of age appears among the young in the same nest.

CUCKOO, Va. See page 897.

CUCUMBER, Cucumis, a genus of plants of the natural order cucurbitacea. The common C. (C. sativus), distinguished by heart-shaped, acuminately pentangular leaves, which are rough with hairs approaching to bristles, and oblong fruit, is a native of the middle and s. of Asia, and has been cultivated from the earliest times. Its fruit forms an important article of food in its native regions, the s. of Europe, etc., and an esteemed delicacy in colder countries, where it is produced by the aid of artificial heat. Many varieties are in cultivation, with fruit from 4 in. to 2 ft. long, rough, smooth, etc. Young cucumbers are much used for pickling, and are called gherkins. The C. is culti vated in fields even in the s. of England, for the supply of the London market; but in the northern parts of Britain, the aid of a hot-bed is required even to produce fruit fit for pickling. The C. requires a sunny situation, and a free rich soil.-To this genus belong other species valued for their edible fruit. C. anguria is a West Indian species, with fruit about as large as a pullet's egg, much esteemed as an ingredient in soups. The SNAKE C. (C. flexuosus) grows to a great length, and is similar in quality to the com mon cucumber. C. serotinus is cultivated in Turkey, C. macrocarpus in Brazil; the CONOMON (C. Conomon) is much cultivated in Japan. The melon (C. melo), water-melon (C. citrullus), chate (C. chate), and kaukoor (C. utilissimus), are noticed in the article MELON; the species yielding colocynth, in the article COLOCYNTH.-The DUDAIM (C. dudaim) is very generally cultivated in gardens in the east for the fragrance of its fruit, which, however, is almost tasteless. It is supposed that this plant is sometimes meant in the Old Testament, where the English version has mandrake.-The SPIRTING C., SQUIRTING C., or WILD C., which yields the drug called elaterium (q.v.), belongs to an allied genus.

CUCUMBER TREE, an American forest tree of the magnolia species, growing in nearly all the states. The fruit, which looks like a cucumber, when macerated in spirits makes a bitter tonic drink. The timber is light and useful for boat-building.

CUCURBITA'CEÆ, a natural order of exogenous plants, consisting chiefly of herbaceous plants, natives of the warmer regions of the globe, having succulent stems which climb by means of lateral tendrils. There are some shrubby species. The fruit (pepo) is peculiar; it is more or less succulent, has a thick fleshy rind, and the seed bearing parietal placentæ either surrounding a central cavity, or sending prolongations inwards. The seeds are flat and ovate, embedded in a sort of pulp, which is either dry or juicy.This order contains about 300 species, very many which yield fruits much used for food in warm climates, and some of them are cultivated in colder regions as articles of luxury. The fruit of some attains a very large size. To this order belong the cucumber, melon, gourd (of many kinds), pumpkin, squash, vegetable marrow, bottle gourd, etc. The young shoots and leaves of many species are also used as pot-herbs; and the roots of some abound in a bland fecula, and are edible, as those of momordica dioica and bryonia umbellata, East Indian plants. Yet acridity is a prevailing characteristic, of which the spirting cucumber (see ELATERIUM) of the s. of Europe, and the common bryony (q.v.) are examples. These are not without their use in medicine, but still more important is the colocynth (q.v.).-Among the more interesting species of this order is hodgsonia heteroclita, a gigantic species, which is found in the Himalaya mountains, ascending to an elevation of 5,000 feet. The seeds of some C. are used as almonds, and yield oil by expression, as those of telfairia pedata, an African plant. Bryonia dioica is the only British species, and does not extend to Scotland or Ireland.

CUD BEAR, a dyestuff similar to archil (q.v.) and litmus (q.v.), and obtained in the same manner from lichens by the action of ammoniacal liquids. It is chiefly employed as a purple-dye for woolen yarn, but the color is rather fugitive. The name C., or C. LICHEN, is often appropriated to one particular species of lichen, lecanora tartarea, which is abundant on rocks in the highlands of Scotland and in the Alpine and northern districts of Europe, and from which the dyestuff C. is usually obtained by maceration for ten or twelve days in urine, with water and chalk. The name is a corruption of Cuthbert, and is derived from that of Dr. Cuthbert Gordon, under whose management the manufacture of this dyestuff was begun in Leith about the year 1777, by Mr. Macintosh of Glasgow. The species of the genus lecanora are crustaceous lichens, with a flat uniform thallus, and unstalked shields. L. tartarea forms a thick, granulated, and tartareous grayish-white crust, with scattered yellowish-brown shields. It is sometimes called white Swedish moss, being largely imported from Sweden.

CUDDALORE', the chief t. in the southern division of Arcot (q.v.), is one of the few seaports on the Coromandel, or e. coast of Hindustan. It is situated on the estuary of the southern Pennaur, a considerable tributary of the bay of Bengal, being in lat. 11° 43' n., and long. 79° 50' east. It is 15 m. to the s. of Pondicherry, and 100 to the s. of Madras. Though the river itself is beset by a bar, which admits only vessels of moderate size, yet there is good anchorage off shore at the distance of a mile and a half. The site is not more than 5 ft. above high-water mark; but notwithstanding this apparently insalubrious position, the climate is said to be peculiarly healthy. C. was at one time a place of great strength; and in that respect it was frequently an object of

Cuenca.

contention in the wars which, during the latter half of the 18th c., so long desolated this neighborhood. In 1758, it was taken by the French from the English, who had held it for 77 years; and, after various intermediate vicissitudes, it was finally ceded to its original possessors in 1783. Pop. '77, 237,497.

CUDDAPAH, the district mentioned in the following article, extends in lat. from 13° 12' to 16° 19' n., and in long, from 77° 52′ to 79° 48′ e., containing 8,367 sq.m., and '71, 1,351,194 inhabitants. Sloping towards the bay of Bengal, the country ranges, in its general elevation above the sea, between 1182 and 450 feet. C. is traversed in its length from n. to s. by numerous parallel ridges, which constitute a part of the eastern Ghautssome of the peaks rising 3,500 ft. above the sea level. The maximum, mean, and minimum temperatures are said to be respectively 98°, 81°, and 65° F. In the hot season, the climate is understood to be peculiarly prejudicial to European constitutions. The most striking feature in the physical character of the district is the remains of diamond mines, now abandoned, and probably exhausted, situated about 7 m. from the capital. C. was ceded to Britain in 1800; and in 1846 it was the scene of serious disturbances, occasioned by an unwise interference on the part of government with the prescriptive titles to landed property.

CUDDAPAH, a native t. with a military cantonment in the presidency of Madras, from which it lies about 140 m. to the n. w. It stands, at the height of 507 ft. above the sea, near the right or s. bank of the northern Pennaur, which flows into the bay of Bengal. Lat. 14° 32′ n., and long. 78° 52′ east. The native town itself claims notice merely as the capital of the district of its own name; and the military cantonment, pleasantly overhanging the Bogawanka, an auxiliary of the Pennaur, contains barracks for Europeans, and spacious lines for sepoys. Pop. '71, 16,275.

CUDDY was a name first applied in East India trading ships to a cabin under the poop, where the men messed and slept. The same name afterwards given to the only cabin in very small vessels, and sometimes to the cooking-room.

CUDWEED, the popular name of many species of plants of the genera gnaphalium, filago, and antennaria, belonging to the natural order composita, sub-order corymbifera, the stems and leaves of which are more or less covered with a whitish cottony down; and the heads of flowers consist, in great part, of dry involucral scales, and may be kept for a long time without undergoing much apparent change, so that they may be reckoned among everlasting flowers (q.v.). The cudweeds are small plants of very unpretending appearance, some of them common in Britain. Antennaria dioica is very frequent in dry mountain pastures. It is sometimes called cat's-foot. Its heads of flowers, from the appearance of which it derives this name, were formerly officinal, and were employed as an astringent in pectoral diseases.

CUD'WORTH, RALPH, D.D., an illustrious English divine, was b. in 1617 at Aller, in Somersetshire, and admitted pensioner of Emmanuel college, Cambridge, in 1630, where he took his degree of M.A., and became an eminent tutor. About 1641, he was presented to the rectory of North Cadbury, in Somersetshire; and in 1644, upon taking his degree of B.D., maintained two theses, in which can be discerned the germs of his Intellectual System. In the same year he was appointed master of Clare hall, Cambridge, and in 1645, regius professor of Hebrew; after which he began to apply himself assiduously to the study of Jewish antiquities. In 1651, he took his degree of D.D.; in 1654, he was chosen master of Christ's college; in 1662, appointed to the vicarage of Ashwell; and in 1678, installed prebendary of Gloucester. He died at Christ's college, July 26, 1688.

C.'s magnum opus, entitled The True Intellectual System of the Universe, was published in 1678. It is a work of great learning, acuteness, and loftiness of thought; but some, at the time, fancied that Č. exhibited too much impartiality in stating the atheistic arguments. Dryden said "that he raised such strong objections against the being of a God and Providence, that many thought he had not answered them." Lord Shaftesbury and Bayle were of this opinion also. The accusation of impartiality-a rare offense in those contentious days—is not likely to lessen our admiration of Cudworth. The philosophy to which he was attached was that of Plato, and, in consequence, he estimated highly the writings of the Alexandrian school, to which his own bear some resemblance. The obloquy to which his adventurous studies exposed him, does not seem to have greatly affected him. Besides The Intellectual System, C. left in MS. A Treatise concerning Eternal and Immutable Morality, which was published by Dr. Chandler, bishop of Durham, in 1731, and forms, or was intended to form, the second part of The Intellectual System; also a discourse On Liberty and Necessity; On Moral Good and Evil; a discourse On the Creation of the World and the Immortality of the Soul; etc. These MSS. are now in the British

museum.

CUENCA, a city of Spain, at the confluence of the Jucar and Huecar, about midway between Valencia and Madrid. It is romantically situated on a rocky eminence, 3,400 ft. above the level of the sea, and is surrounded by hills. It appears to have derived its name (Lat. concha, a shell) from its position and appearance. Ford says it is "indeed a hill-girt shell." The town is of Moorish origin. The streets are narrow and crooked. The chief buildings are the cathedral, the bishop's palace, and a fine bridge over the

Jucar (erected in 1523), connecting the city with the convent of San Pablo. C. was once celebrated for arts, literature, and industry, but its glory has now quite departed. It suffered much during the Peninsular campaign. Pop. 8,200.-C. gives name to a mountainous, well-watered province, yielding excellent timber, honey, wine, and grain, with good pasture, and various minerals, including iron, coal, copper, and silver. Area about 12,000 miles. Pop. '83, 241, 103.

CUENCA, a city of Ecuador, in South America, stands on a wide plain or table-land, 8.640 ft. above the level of the sea. It is 85 m. s.s. w. of Quito, the capital of the republic; in lat. 11°s., its proximity to the equator, however, being largely neutralized, with regard to climate by its altitude. Pop. estimated at 30,000. It possesses a cathedral and a university.

CUE VA DE VE'RA, a t. of Spain, in the province of Granada, 42 m. n.e. of Almeria. It is situated on a plain on the right bank of the Almanzor, near its entrance into the Mediterranean. It is generally well built, and its streets regular. The principal edifices are an old Moorish castle, and the parish church in the Doric style. C. has manufactures of hardware, earthenware, and of wine and oil; and a large number of persons are employed in mines in the vicinity. Pop. 20,644.

CUFFEE, PAUL, 1759-1818; a negro sea-captain, b. near New Bedford, Mass., who accumulated a fortune in seafaring life. He was a member of the society of Friends. He was among the first to encourage the colonization of his people in Sierra Leone.

CUFFEE, PAUL, 1775-1812; an Indian of the Shinnecock tribe, on Long island, N. Y.; long employed as a preacher by the New York missionary society.

CUFIC WRITING. See KUFIC WRITING.

CUICHUNCHUL 'LI, Ionidium parviflorum, a Peruvian plant of the natural order violacea, half-shrubby, with minute leaves, possessing very active emetic and purgative properties, and said to be a certain remedy for elephantiasis tuberculata, a reputation which, if even partially well founded, ought to recommend it to the particular attention of the benevolent and humane. Other species of ionidium share the same name, properties, and reputation. One of them was formerly supposed to yield ipecacuanha, and its root is still known as white ipecacuanha. See IPECACUANHA.

CUIRASS, as its name (Fr. cuir, leather) implies, was originally a jerkin, or garment of leather for soldiers, so thick and strong as to be pistol-proof, and even musket-proof. The name was afterwards applied to a portion of armor made of metal, consisting of a back-plate and breast-plate hooked or buckled together; with a piece jointed to the back called a culet or garde de reines.

CUIRASSIERS', in the time of queen Mary, were heavy horsemen wearing bodyarmor over buff-coats. They carried swords and pistols, and the reins were strengthened with iron chains. In modern armies, the name is often given to the heaviest cavalry. Napoleon's 12 regiments of C. attracted much attention during his wars. The first rank of Russian C. are armed with lances. The only C. in the British army (wearing the cuirass) are the life guards (red) and horse guards (blue); and in these the cuirass is now regarded rather as a matter of show than of use.

CUISSARTS, among ancient armor, were worn by troopers. They consisted of small strips of iron-plate laid horizontally over each other round the thigh (Fr. cuisse), and riveted together.

CUJA CIUS, properly JACQUES DE CUJAS, or CUJEUS, one of the most distinguished jurists of the 16th c., b. in 1522, was the son of a tanner of Toulouse. After studying law, he was appointed teacher of the same at Cahors (1554), and in the following year, by the recommendation of the chancellor L'Hopital, gained the chair of law in the uni versity of Bourges. In 1557, he become a professor at Valence. After several changes, he returned to Bourges in 1577, where he resided till his death, Oct. 4, 1590.

His great reputation as a jurist was founded on his study of original MSS. of the Roman laws, and on his classical treatment of these authorities. He had in his library 500 MSS. on Roman law, and by his emendations contributed greatly to remove the obscurities of jurisprudence. A complete collection of his works was edited by Fabrot (10 vols., Par. 1658), and has since been republished frequently. Uhl has edited separately C.'s Animadversiones et Observationes. C.'s daughter made herself notorious by her immoralities. See Spangenberg's C. und seine Zeitgenossen (Leip. 1822).

CUL'DEES, or KELDEES, (Celt. Ceile-De; Lat. colidei, culdei, calledei, keldei, keleder), the name given in the British islands to an ancient order of ecclesiastics. The word seems to be of Celtic origin, and in the Irish language signifies an "attendant of God." Giraldus Cambrensis, writing towards the end of the 12th c., when the order still flourished, interprets the name in one place by the Latin word calicola, i.e., "worshiper of heaven;" and in another by calebs, i.e.,single," or "unmarried.' Boece and Buchanan, in the 16th c., translate it cultores Dei, i.e., “ worshipers of God."

There is some uncertainty as to the first appearance of the order. There is no trace of it in the works of Adaman, of Bede, of Alcuin, or of any other ecclesiastical historian of the 8th or 9th century. An abbot and bishop of the n. of Ireland, who compiled a metrical calendar of Irish saints about the year 800, was known in his own time as

"Engus the Ceile-De." But it has been questioned whether the title was not used rather to denote his great personal piety, than to describe his ecclesiastical character. The four masters, again, in their Annals of Ireland, compiled about the year 1636, record certain great wonders wrought by a Ceile-De in the year 806. But no such event is recorded in the ancient chronicles from which the four masters compiled their work, and Irish antiquaries think that the passage must therefore be rejected as apocryphal. But in Irish annals of undoubted authority, it is chronicled that, in the year 919, "a CeileDe came across the sea westward to establish laws in Ireland;" in other words, as Irish archæologists conjecture, to bring the Irish into conformity with the rule for canons which had been enacted in 816, at the council of Aix-la-Chapelle. The annals of Ulster record that, in 920, Armagh was plundered by Godfrey, son of Ivor, the Dane, but that he spared the oratories with the C. and the sick. The C. of Armagh, who thus appear in the beginning of the 10th c., survived till the beginning of the 17th century. Archbishop Usher, who died in 1655, writes that they continued until within his own memory. They were secular priests or canons, about 12 in number, living in community, under the rule of a prior, who-after the beginning of the 13th c., when the metropolitan cathedral of St. Patrick was remodeled after the English fashion-officiated as precenter, his C. being the clerks or choir. The antiphonary or service-book, with the musical notation, from which they sang, is still preserved in the library of Trinity college, Dublin; and its calendar records the deaths of several of their number, one of them so lately as the year 1574. The prior seems generally to have been a pluralist, it having been formally ruled in 1448, after an appeal to Rome, that the priory of the college of secular priests, commonly called Culdees, being a simple office, and without cure of souls, is not incompatible with a benefice." The C. of Armagh, dissolved at the reformation in 1541, were resuscitated for a brief space in 1627. Their old possessions-among which were 7 town-lands containing 1423 acres, 7 rectories, and 4 vicarages—were, in 1634, bestowed upon the vicars choral of the cathedral, who still enjoy them.

[ocr errors]

There were at least 7 other houses of C. in Ireland, viz., at Clonmacnois, Clondalkin, Devenish, Clones, Popull, Monanincha, and Sligo.

If tradition could be trusted, the first appearance of C. in Scotland should be placed about the middle of the 9th century. A leaf of the register of St. Andrews, written about 1130, relates that Brude, the son of Dergard, the last king of the Picts (who ceased to reign about 843), gave the island, since called St. Serf's Inch, in Lochleven, to God, St. Servan and the Culdee hermits serving God there. They were governed by an abbot; and about the year 1093, during the rule of abbot Ronan, they gave up their island to the bishop of St. Andrews, on condition that he should find them in food and raiment. They had grants of lands or immunities from all the kings of the Scots who reigned between 1039 and 1153, the roll of these royal benefactors being headed by the renowned Macbeth (1039-56) and his wife Gruoch, the daughter of Bodhe. They had a grant of a church from each of the three bishops who ruled the see of St. Andrews between 1040 and 1093; and about 1120, they had a grant of lands from one of the sons of king Malcolm Canmore and St. Margaret-Ethelred, earl of Fife, and hereditary lay-abbot of the Culdee monastery of Dunkeld. A few years afterwards, the bishop of St. Andrews gives their island, and all their possessions, including their church vestments and their books, to the newly founded canons regular of St. Andrews, in order that a priory of that rule might supplant the old abbey of C. in St. Serf's Inch. About 1140, the bishop's grant was enforced by a charter from king David, in which it was ordered that such of the C. as chose to live canonically and peacefully under the new canons should remain in the island. "If any one of them refuse so to do," says the king, "my will is, and I command, that he be expelled from the island." We hear no more of the Culdee hermits of Lochleven. The canons regular who came in their place continued till the reformation, and we are indebted to one of their priors, Andrew Wyntoun, who died about 1429, for a valuable metrical chronicle of Scotland. A catalogue of the books of the Culdee abbey, when it was bestowed upon the canons regular of St. Andrews, about 1140, has been preserved. The number of volumes was not quite twenty. They were a pastoral. a gradual, a missal, some of the works of Origen, the sentences of St. Bernard (who was still living), a treatise on the sacraments, in three parts, a part of the Bible, a lectionary, the Acts of the Apostles, the gospels, the. works of Prosper, the books of Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Canticles, a gloss on the Canticles, a work called Interpretationes Dictionum, a collection of sentences, a commentary on Genesis, and a treatise on the exceptions from ecclesiastical rules.

The C. of St. Andrews were of more importance, and not perhaps of less antiquity, than those of Lochleven. The death of an abbot of St. Andrews is chronicled by the Irish annals in 747. It is not said that he was a Culdee; but in 944, when Constantine, the king of Scots, exchanged his crown for a monk's cowl, it is recorded that he became "abbot of the Culdees of St. Andrews." No more is heard of them till about the middle of the 12th century. A priory of canons regular had now been planted beside them, and from its records we learn that in the church of St. Andrew, such as it then was, there were thirteen C., holding their office by hereditary tenure, and "living rather according to their own pleasure and the traditions of men, than after the rules of the holy fathers;" that some few things of little importance they possessed in common; that

the rest, including what was of most value, they held as their private property, each enjoying what he got from relatives and kinsmen, or from the benevolence granted on the tenure of pure friendship, or otherwise; that after they became C., they were for bidden to have their wives in their houses, or any other women of whom evil suspicion could arise; that the altar of St. Andrew was left without a minister, nor was mass celebrated there except on the rare occasion of a visit from the king or the bishop, for the C. said their own office after their own way in a corner of the church. The attempt to supplant the C. by canons regular, which had succeeded at Lochleven, was repeated at St. Andrews, but failed. The C. kept their own church-St. Mary's, or the Kirk of the Heugh-and had a voice along with the canons regular in the election of the bishop. Their abbot disappears about the middle of the 11th c.; and soon afterwards their "prior" exchanges that title for the name of "provost.' Their distinctive character was gradually passing away; before the end of the 14th c., they lose their share in the election of the bishop; their name of Culdee is heard no more; their church, about the same time, takes the name of the King's chapel-royal; and henceforth there remains nothing to distinguish them from the secular priests of other collegiate churches.

[ocr errors]

The C. of the church of St. Mary at Monymusk, in Aberdeenshire, appear to have been founded by the bishop of St. Andrews towards the end of the 11th century. In the beginning of the 13th c. they are found making claim to be regarded as canons regular. The claim was resisted by the bishop of St. Andrews, and in 1211, after an appeal to Rome, the dispute was settled by a compromise, which provided that there should be thirteen C. at Monymusk, of whom one-to be chosen by the bishop from a list of three presented by the other C.—should be the master or prior; that they should have a refectory, a common dormitory, and an oratory, but no cemetery; that they should not adopt the monastic or canonical life or rule without leave of the bishop; and that when he came to Monymusk, he should be received by the C. in solemn procession. Before this agreement is 50 years old, the name of C. disappears from Monymusk, and their house is recognized as a priory of canons regular.

C. are found at Abernethy, in Strathearn, about 1120. In the end of that century, their possessions appear to have been divided between their hereditary lay-abbot (the founder of the noble family of Abernethy) and the prior and C. by whom the burden of the ecclesiastical offices was borne. In 1273, they were transformed into canons regular. The same partition of the Culdee revenues which appears at Abernethy, is found so at Brechin. A layman, who is abbot only in name, inherits a large share of the Culdee patrimony, and transmits it to his descendants, who soon lose even the name of abbot. The prior and his C., meanwhile, are absorbed into the chapter of the new ishopric, founded at Brechin by king David I., about 1145; in less than a hundred years, the name of C. disappears, and the chapter is one wholly of secular canons. The same silent change of C. into secular canons, which took place at Brechin during the 13th c., took place also at Dunblane, at Dunkeld, at Lismore, at Rossmarky, and at Dornoch. C. are found in the bishop's chapter at each of these places in the 12th c.; they disappear before the end of the 13th c., leaving the chapter one of secular canons. At Dunkeld, as at Brechin and at Abernethy, great part of the Culdee revenues was held by a lay-abbot, whose office was of such mark as to be hereditary in the royal family. The father of the gracious Duncan," and the son of St. Margaret, were Culdee abbots. If a tradition of the 16th c. can be received as authority for what passed in the 12th c., the C. of Dunkeld were married, like the priests of the Greek church, but lived apart from their wives during their period of service at the altar.

C. are found holding land at Monifeith, near Dundee, about 1200; and there was a lay-abbot of Monifieth; but there is nothing to show whether he was or was not a Culdee. The C. of Muthill, in Strathearn, appear with their prior in charters of the beginning of the 13th century. Nothing more is known of them. Jocelin of Furnes, in his Life of St. Kentigern, or Mungo, written about the year 1180, relates that the disciples of that saint at Glasgow, in the 6th c., had all things in common, but lived each in his own hut, whence they were called "solitary clerks," and more commonly "Culdees." C. appear as one of the ecclesiastical fraternities of Iona in the year 1164; and the faint vestiges of a circular building (about 15 ft. in diameter) called Cothan Cuildich," or the Culdee's cell, are still shown in the island.

Only one or two traces of C. have been observed in England. The canons of St. Peter's, at York, were called C. in the reign of Æthelstan (924-31); and a charter of Ethelred, in the year 1005, speaks of the canons of the English cathedrals generally as cultores clerici. The term is of doubtful import, and the charter itself is not beyond suspicion.

Of the C. in Wales, we have only one notice. Giraldus Cambrensis, 'writing about 1190, describes the island of Bardsey, on the coast of Caernarvon, as inhabited by "most devout monks, called celibates or Culdees."

Such is a concise recapitulation of all that is certainly known of the Culdees. Before their history was ascertained, opinions were held regarding them which now find few if any supporters among archæologists. It was believed that they were our first teachers of Christianity; that they came from the east before corruption had yet overspread the church; that they took the Scripture for their sole rule of faith; that they lived under a form of church-government approaching to presbyterian parity; that they rejected prel

« 上一頁繼續 »