Bamberg Stat.-in HANDBOOK SOUTH GERMANY. left bank of the Main, near Staffel-5 m. from Rudolstadt, above the small stein, a village possessing a celebrated town of Blankenburg (Inn, Goldner pilgrimage Church of the Vierzehn Hei- Löwe), rise the picturesque ruins of ligen, under the Staffelberg, a remark- the castle of Greifenstein, birthplace of able table hill, which hems in the river the unfortunate emperor Günther of on the 1., while on the rt. rises a height, Schwarzburg. 5 m. farther up this crowned by the suppressed convent of winding valley, one of the most beauBanz, now residence of Prince Max, tiful in Thuringia, on the summit of a brother of the King of Bavaria. The bold precipitous rock, stands the Castle Main, on issuing from this opening in of Schwarzburg. The greater part of the hills, flows past the small town of the building is modern, erected after a Zapfendorf, to conflagration, 1726; but, in the relic still preserved of the old castle, the Kaiser Saal is worth notice. It contains portraits of Roman emperors, from Julius Cæsar to Charles IV. ! In the Arsenal is shown some ancient armour, including a suit attributed to the Emperor Günther. Inn, Weisser Hirsch, near Schwarzburg. Travellers should ascend the Tripstein, 11⁄2 m. from the castle. There is a cross-road from Blankenburg to the ruins of the Abbey of Paulinzelle, 9 m. distant. It was founded 1105, by Pauline, daughter of the cup-bearer of the Emperor Henry IV. It is finely situated in the depths of a forest. The church is a very interesting monument of the plain Byzantine or Romanesque style; date, the close of the 11th century; the E. end is gone. Near the abbey are the monks' fish ponds. ROUTE 94. LEIPZIG TO COBURG, BY JENA, RUDOL- 25 Germ. m. 120 Eng. m. 63 Naumburg, in Route 76. 2 Kamburg, on the Saal. It was through the defile in the rear of the castle of Dornburg that the French marched to outflank the Prussians at the battle of Jena, 1806. Bad road. 1 Jena, in Rte. 94 A. The road continues to follow the pretty valley of the Saal, ascending it along the 1. bank of that river. 2 Kahla. - Inn, Stern. A town of 1200 inhab. On the opposite bank of the Saal stands the castle of Leuchtenburg, now a prison. The next object worth mentioning is the ruined castle Orlamunde, on a hill beneath which the road passes. - 1 Saalfeld. Inns: Der Goldene Anker, one of the oldest inns in Germany; the Empr. Charles V. put up here along with his prisoner the Elector John Frederick, June 27. 1547; Rautenkranz, in the suburb. 3 Rudolstadt. Inns: Löwe; Ad- Saalfeld is a very ancient walled town, ler; Ritter. The chief town of the in the midst of the Thuringian forest, principality of Schwarzburg-Rudol- and contains 4800 inhab. The Rathstadt, with a population of 4000. On haus in the market-place is a venerable the summit of an eminence nearly 200 Gothic edifice. The Gothic Ch. of St. ft. above the river, stands the residence John was built 1212, out of funds proof the prince, the Castle of Heidechsburg, duced by the neighbouring gold mines containing some pictures and a library. of Reichmansdorf; the painted glass, and It has a park, called Ham, attached to a colossal wooden statue of St. John in it. The Ludwisburg in the town con- the interior, deserve mention. Near the tains a cabinet of natural history, rich town wall, at the side of the Saal, are | in shells. Opposite Volkstädt a bust the ruins of the Sorbenburg, a fort dating of Schiller has been set up to comme- from the 8th century, built, according morate the poet's residence here in 1788. to tradition, to defend the frontier from inroads of the Slavic barbarians (the Servians and Wends). At Schwarza, 3 m. above Rudolstadt, the river Schwarza joins the Saal. The old Ducal Castle, also within the town, is now the Mint. In the suburb outside the walls is the more modern Château or Palace of the Dukes of the extinct line of SaxeSaalfeld, with fine gardens attached to it. The road now quits the banks of the Saal, and begins to ascend the central ridge of the Thüringer Wald. The battle of Jena, so fatal to Prussia, began near Saalfeld. 2 Gräfenthal.-Inns: Post; Weisses Ross. Near this you have a fine view of Wespenstein, an old castle of the Pappenheims, in ruins. 3 Sonnenberg. This little town of 3200 inhab. is chiefly remarkable for the peculiar manufacture of toys, dolls, boxes of various kinds, including pillboxes, boot-jacks, chess-boards, and the endless variety of articles for the amusement of children which fill the toy-shops of every quarter of the globe, and are commonly called Dutch toys. There are several manufactories of papier maché, to make dolls' heads, and of pipe heads; and one or two mills for grinding boys' marbles. Hones for sharpening knives are prepared here out of a species of slate; and there is also a quarry producing slate-pencils, in the neighbourhood. Altogether the trade in toys is supposed to produce 400,000 fl. yearly. 11⁄2 Jena. Inn: Sonne. A dull, dingy, antiquated town, in a hollow surrounded by naked hills, having nothing worth notice but its University, founded 1550, and numbering at present about 500 students. "Groups of them, in falling collars not particularly clean, and flowing hair not remarkably glossy, may be seen swaggering about with foils, masks, and cudgels."- L. R. G. The University Museum is valuable to students. The Garden of the Observatory was Schiller's favourite resort while Professor of History, between 1789 and 1799, and he composed in it some of his poems. "The road, somewhat narrow and very serpentine, but not bad, takes its course among clear streams and happy looking villages, and afterwards" through forests of pine, to 3 Kloster Launitz, a clean village inn. There is a new and better road from Jena to 3 Eisenberg. 2 Gera (Inn, Reussischer Hof, very good), a picturesque, clean, and thriving modern town, of 11,000 inhab., on the Elster, belonging to the sovereign princes of Reuss-Schleitz and Ebersdorf. The Castle of the Prince of R. Ebersdorf, backed by hanging woods, rises over against the town, and adds much to its picturesque appearance. Roneburg, a small modern town and watering-place, is passed, and the road traverses a country not particularly interesting, abounding in mines. 1 Schmöllen. Smelting-house. 2 Altenburg. Inn, Stadt Gotha; good. (See p. 482.) A railroad runs hence to Leipzig, and to Zwickau (Route 91.). Beyond this the road enters the Erzgebirge. 3 Schneeberg (Route. 91 a.). 3 Wildenthal (a capital rural Inn), a neat village, where a good deal of lace is made and sold. After following for a long way a wooded gorge, you at length emerge from the hills a little beyond 2 Neudeck, "where the Austrian frontier is crossed, and you find yourself in the undulating valley of the Eger."-L. R. G. 2 Carlsbad,-in HANDBOOK SOUTH GERMANY. There is a road from Altenberg to Dresden by Rochlitz, 3. Waldheim, 21. Nossen, 3. Wilsdruff, 23. Dresden, 23. Or by way of Freyberg to Penig, 25. Chemnitz, 3; and thence as in Route 90. ROUTE 94 b. ERFURT TO COBURG. 15 Germ. m 69 Eng. m. A new road, but not furnished with post horses, connects Erfurt with Schleusingen on the road from Gotha to Coburg. The road is very pretty from Erfurt to 2 Arnstadt. - Inns: Die Henne; Der Greif. 5300 inhab. The Liebfrauenkirche, a specimen of German architecture of the 12th and 13th centuries, displays peculiar sculpture on its exterior, and some interesting monuments within. The Schloss, formerly the residence of the Schwarzburg family, descended, on the failure of that line, to the Sondershausen family. Of the old Schloss there only remains a tower, and some walls of 1554. [A new road (43 Germ. m. in length) has been opened between Arnstadt and Rudolstadt through a beautiful country.] After leaving Arnstadt the road runs through a narrow valley amidst beechwood, and then rises, passing among fields, to 2 Ilmenau. This town of 2700 inhab. belongs to Weimar. Here are mines of manganese and iron. Near it is Elgersburg, romantically situated, and an establishment for the cold-watercure, under Dr. Fitzler. The road after leaving Ilmenau ascends for 2 m. to a height of 2500 ft., and then descends with many windings through a forest belonging to the King of Prussia to 4 Schleusingen.-Inn, Grüner Baum. 3000 inhab. A town formerly belonging to the Counts of Henneberg, now to Prussia. The old castle of Bertholdsburg, prettily situated on a hill, has been repaired by the King of Prussia. In the Stadtkirche are the tombs of the old Counts of Henneberg; and in the neighbourhood a suppressed Præmonstrant Abbey, an interesting monument of German architecture of the 12th cent. 1 Hildburghausen. Rodach. Route 92. 2 COBURG. } SECTION VIII. NASSAU.— FRANKFURT. — HESSE DARMSTADT.- RHENISII BAVARIA.- BADEN. AND THE RHINE FROM MAYENCE TO STRASBURG. In Nassau, Baden, Darmstadt, Frankfurt, &c., accounts are kept in Florins or Gulden. 1 Florin 1s. 8d., contains 60 kreutzers. 3 kr. = ld. The States of Southern and Western Germany, including Bavaria, Würtemberg, Baden, Hesse and Frankfurt, have recently combined to issue a uniform coinage. (See § 32.) New Silver Coinage Vereins Thaler: =3 Florins 30 kr. =2 Prussian Dollars. Formerly the florin was an imaginary coin, and did not exist as a piece of money. The name zwanziger properly applies to Austria alone, where this coin goes for 20 kreutzers, and bears upon it the figure 20, the zwanziger or zehner passes for 10, and the for 5 kreutzers: while in Bavaria and Würtemberg the same coins pass respectively for 24, 12, and 6 kr. Value of foreign coins in florins and kreutzers: French Louis d'Or Napoleon English Sovereign Dutch 10 guilder piece Kron or Brabant Thaler Conventions Thaler Prussian Frederic d'Or Thaler French 5 franc piece 1 franc Brabant Dollars (originally struck by the Emperor of Austria in the Low Countries) are a very common coin, current without loss throughout Southern Germany. The table (A) at the beginning of this Volume for reducing them into florins and kreutzers may be found useful. The postmaster in Mayence is authorised to charge 52 kr. for each hors per post. The charges for horses vary from time to time with the price of forage. The charge for barriers ceases on entering this Duchy. The usual rate |