I had been able to lay in a period of 15 years. For the future, the prosperity and consolidation of the French Empire shall be the object of all my thoughts." [The question is, what he considers as the limits of that Empire.]

Buonaparte is said to have required of his Council of State, a conscription of 600,000 men, and twenty-five millions sterling; but the answer was, "That the present disposition of the nation rendered it unsafe to venture to propose the sacrifices necessary to meet his Majesty's wishes; and that they felt it to be their duty to recommend to his Majesty measures of conciliation with foreign powers; since the happiness and freedom of France could only be secured by avoiding uunecessary expenditure of the property and population of the empire."

Buonaparte has had recourse to an ex pedient which he, doubtless, thinks will recommend him to the favour of the friends of humanity; and which, were we not well persuaded of his motives, we should ourselves be induced to commend: he has passed a Decree for the IMMEDIATE ABOLITION OF THE SLAVE TRADE.-[The object of this measure is, to cast an odium on Louis XVIII. who (by the advice of his Ministers) required five years to be allowed for its abolition. Buonaparte (acting from himself only) orders it immediately to cease. Why not do this when he was before in power?]

Letter to the Sovereigns of Europe.
Paris, April 4, 1815.

"Sire, my Brother- You have, no doubt, learnt in the course of the last month, my return to France, my entrance into Paris, and the departure of the family of the Bourbons. The true nature of those events must now be made known to your Majesty. They are the results of an irresistible power, the results of the unanimous wishes of a great nation which knows its duties and its rights. The dy nasty which force had given to the French people was not fitted for it: the Bourbons neither associated with the national senti meuts nor manners-France has therefore separated herself from them: her voice called for a liberator: the hopes which induced me to make the greatest sacrifices for her, have been deceived: I came; and from the spot where I first set my foot, the love of my people has borne me into the heart of my capital. The first wish of my heart is, to repay so much affection by the maintenance of an honourable peace. The restoration of the Imperial Throne was necessary for the happiness of the French people. It is my sincerest desire to render it at the same time subservient to the maintenance of the repose of Europe. Enough of glory has shone by turns on the colours of the various nations. The

vicissitudes of fortune have often enough occasioned great reverses, followed by great success.-A more brilliant arena is now open to Sovereigns, and I am the first to descend into it. After having presented to the world the spectacle of great battles, it will be more delightful to know no other rivalship in future, but that resulting from the advantages of peace, and no other struggle but the sacred one of felicity for our people.-France has been pleased to proclaim with candour this noble object of her unanimous wish. Jealous of her independence, the invariable principle of her policy will be the most rigid respect for the independence of other nations: if such then, as I trust they are, are the personal sentiments of your Majesty, general tranquillity is secured for a long time to come; and Justice, seated on the confines of the various States, will, of herself, be sufficient të guard the frontiers. NAPOLEON.

The Treaty of Fontainbleau (says Buonaparte) has been violated by the Allied Powers, and by the House of Bourbon, in what respects the Emperor Napoleon and his family, and in what respects the interests and the rights of the French nation. He produces eight instances to support his accusation, of which the princi pa' are the following:-" 1. The Empress Maria Louisa and her son were to obtain passports, and an escort, to repair to the Emperor; but far from performing their promise, the husband and wife, father and son, were separated under painful circumstances, when the firmest mind has occasion to seek consolation and support in family and domestic affections.-3. The Duchies of Parma and Placentia were given in full property to Maria Louisa, for herself, her son, and their descendants. After a long refusal to put her in possession, the injustice was completed by a complete spoliation, under the illusory pretext of an exchange, without valua❤ tion, proposition, or sovereignty, and without her consent.-4. Eugene, the adopted son of Napoleon, was to have obtained a suitable establishment out of France'; but he has had nothing.-7. Napoleon was to have received two millions, and his family 2,500,000 francs per annum. The French Government has constantly refused to discharge its engagements; and Napoleon would have soon been obliged to disband his faithful guards for want of the means of paying them, had he not found an honourable resource in the conduct of some bankers and merchants of Genoa and Italy, who advanced twelve millions, which they had offered to him." Few persons doubted that Buonaparte, whatever pacific language he might think it prudent to hold, was strenuously, though secretly on the alert, to put his

army

army on an effective footing: this is now found to be precisely the case. A Decree, signed on the 28th ult. but not published till the 9th inst. contains his summons to all officers and soldiers who shall have quitted the army, for whatsoever reason (including of course the 150,000 returned prisoners), to rejoin his standard; with a promise, that when the present peace "shall be consolidated," those who obey this decree shall be the first to receive their discharges.-The same decree directs the addition of a fifth battalion to every regiment of infantry, and the formation of six regiments of tirailleurs and six of voltigeurs of the young Imperial Guard. It is worthy of remark, that two days after these preparations for war, but while they were not yet announced, Caulincourt, his Minister for Foreign Affairs, signed a circular addressed to the French Ministers throughout Europe, informing them of the Emperor's return, and desiring them to tell foreign Courts, "that the Emperor had nothing more at heart than the maintenance of peace; that he had renounced the projects of grandeur which he might bave formerly conceived; and that the system of his character, as well as the whole of the direction of the affairs of France, is entirely on another principle !" A Decree, dated at Lyons so far back as the 12th of March, but not published till April 11, grants an amnesty to all persons" implicated in calling in foreigners in the year 1814," excepting thirteen persons, whose property is sequestrated, who are to be brought to trial, and who, in case of condemnation, are to suffer the penalties of the criminal code !-The following are the names of the thirteen proscribed individuals:-Lynch, Mayor of Bourdeaux; Baron Vitrolles, appointed Louis's Commissioner in the Southern provinces, and detained under arrest by Count Delaborde at Toulouse; Marmont, Duc de Ragusa; Talleyrand, Prince de Benevent, now at Vienna; the Abbe de Montesquiou, de la Roche Jacquelin, Alexis de Noailles, Sosthene de la Rochefoucault, Bourrienne, Bellart, Count de Bournonville, Cointe de Jaucourt, & Duc de Dalberg.

Buonaparte reviewed on the 9th inst. at Paris, twenty regiments of infantry and cavalry, recently arrived from Orleans and the left bank of the Loire. After the review the troops formed a circle around him; when he addressed them in a speech, containing the following passage :-" Soldiers! we do not wish to meddle in the affairs of other nations; but woe to those who would meddle in ours! They would find upon our frontiers the heroes of Marengo, of Austerlitz, and of Jena-they would find there the whole people; and if they have 600,000 men, we have two millions."

Almost all the Marshals have submitted to Buonaparte.-Augereau has published an Address, teeming with the most fuisome and disgusting praise of the very man whom, about eleven months ago, he did not besitate to call a coward, and unworthy to reign over a brave peopie,-The perfidy of Ney was without parallel. On the news of Buonaparte's landing, he said to the King:"I believe I may promise your Majesty that I will bring the scoundrel in an iron cage to Paris." On which the King embraced Ney, who, affecting the ut most transport, and drawing his sword half way out of the scabbard, exclaimed, "Your Majesty may rely entirely on me: I will bring him, dead or alive."

It is rather curious, that Ney, who is now so convinced that the restoration of Buonaparte is necessary to the happiness and freedom of France, and who is the first Marshal that has recorded his attach ment to him, was the first Marshal who, in April last, was convinced that the return of the Bourbons, and the entire abdication of Buonaparte, was the wish of the nation.

Massena, who had published a Proclamation to the Marseillois, which concluded thus:-" I have sworn fidelity to our lawful King; I will never deviate from the path of honour; I am ready to shed every drop of my blood in the defence of his throne;" has since issued a report, dated Toulon, April 14, in which he professes the greatest devotion to the interest of Napoleon; and declares, that he very early adopted every expedient to sustain his authority, but was counteracted by the Duke of Angouleme, who wished to take the command of the troops at Toulon, and told him it was his intention to give that port as a deposit to the English, who would in return furnish the King of France with money. He then details all the steps that he took to frustrate the designs of the Duke; one of which was, to appoint Admiral Gantheaume to the command of the fleet at Toulon.-What a picture of depravity and perjury does France now exhibit!

The income of the Marshals under Buonaparte, accompanied with all the pride, pomp, and circumstance of war, was upward of 35,0007. sterling a year. Their income under the pacific Louis did not exceed 90001.

As one source of strength, Buonaparte labours to revive the old republican spirit. Merlin (of Douay), the old Convention alist, is taken from the shelf on which he has been left so long to slumber, and is appointed Minister of Justice. Lucien Buonaparte (Napoleon's brother), the President of the Council of Five Hundred on his return from Egypt, after years of alienation, as a staunch republican, and

.not

not to be diverted from his principles, has started up, as it were, from the dead, and is once more destined to act an important part on the political stage in France. His character, as an inflexible Republican, Buonaparte expects will serve him among all the old friends of liberty in France; and therefore he is appointed Minister of the Interior, in the room of Carnot, who is to be Minister of War, a depart ment for which he is eminently qualified.

A Narrative of Events relative to the Royal Family of France, which occurred from the time of Buonaparte's landing to the departure of the King of France from the French territory, has been published from authority. It communicates but litthe information beyond what the publick bas already been acquainted with. One interesting fact, however, is developed, so honourable to the character of Marshal Mortier, that it ought not to be omitted. It is this:-"After Louis XVIII. had arrived at Ostend, he learned from the Duke of Orleans, that an order for arresting bim and all the Princes had reached Mar sbal Mortier. An officer of the staff, the bearer of a dispatch from Marshal Davoust, containing the same order, arrived afterwards at Lille. The King had then Jeft that place; and Mortier made such arrangements, that nothing transpired on that subject until after the departure of the Duke of Orleans."

Marmont, in a long justification, proves that he did not act treacherously towards Buonaparte, after the capture of Paris; and that the tyrant would afterwards have attacked and sacrificed the capital, if in his power.

GERMANY.

It is stated from Vienna, that 40 Frenchmen in disguise, made an attempt in the night of the 19th ult. to carry into effect a plot for seizing the young Napoleon, and carrying him off to France. A Count Montesquiou was at the head of the plot, and even a secretary of Talleyrand's was in the number of the conspirators. It was ascertained, that relays of horses had been ordered from Vienna to the Rhine. The Archduchess Maria Louisa and her son were immediately removed from Schoenbrunne to the Imperial Palace. While this stratagem argues a conviction on the mind of Buonaparte, that he could not secure his favourite object by more direct and more certain means, the affair, especially in the arrangement which followed it, evinces the most decided hostility of the Emperor of Austria to the political designs of Buonaparte.

The Princess Borghese (Pauline) passed through the suburbs of Vienna, with her mother, and Monsieur and Madame Bacciochi (Elise), going to a fortress in the frontiers of Hungary. They had a numerous suite, with eight carriages,

and were not allowed to pass the night except in places where there was a strong garrison. Among their suite is Marquis Lucchesini (the father). General Lapi, and all the rest of Buonaparte's people that were found at Porto Ferrajo, are also conveyed to Hungary. This measure,

necessarily so offensive to the personal feelings of Buonaparte, adds another proof of the spirit with which Austria enters into the war against him.

The Emperor of Austria has issued an Edict for raising a loan at Vienna of 50 millions of florins; events that have lately occurred rendering it necessary for his Majesty to make new exertions, beyond the ordinary resources of his States. For the payment of the interest and principal of this loan, besides the collective revenue, the produce of the salt-mines of Gallicia is to be given as a security; and a sinking fund is to be established for the liquidation of the whole.

Marshal Blucher is arrived at Luxemburg, which is to be the grand Prussian head-quarters.

The Allies have caused it to be notified, that, under the existing circumstances, the neutrality of Switzerland cannot be respected, and that they expect the co-operation of the Swiss in the present war.

A Declaration OF WAR has been pub. lished by AUSTRIA against MURAT; in which this assertor of the Independence of Italy is charged with having proposed to partition that country between him and Austria, and is represented as a doubledealer, as full of duplicity, and as little to be relied upon, as Buonaparte himself. This article was published at Vienna on the 12th, which is subsequent to a proposition for an accommodation, made to the Austrian Cabinet by the Neapolitan Ministers. It is, therefore, to be considered as a final and decisive Declaration of War against Murat.

We have also a PROCLAMATION of the KING of PRUSSIA, announcing the commencement of the war for the overthrow of Buonaparte, and summoning the Prussian armies to the field. It says: "A perfidious conspiracy has brought back to France the man, who, for ten years together, brought down upon the world unutterable miseries. The people, confounded, have not been able to oppose his armed adherents. Though he himself, while still at the head of a considerable armed force, declared his abdication to be a voluntary sacrifice to the happiness and repose of France, he now regards this, like every other convention, as nothing. He is at the head of perjured soldiers, who desire to render war eternal."

The latter arrived at Genoa, where a British force is stationed, on the 30th ult.; and the former had reached Leghorn, on his way thither, on the 29th. Murat had certainly not entered Milan on the 2d inst.; though a Vienna article, of the 8th instant, says he has thrown off the mask, and that blood has flowed.

AFRICA.

There has been another revolution at Tunis. The old Bey, Sidi Ottomanns, was assassinated on the 20th of January by his cousin, Sidi Mahmoud Flassen, who had long enjoyed his confidence and favour. The two sons of the unfortunate old Bey, who were in the apartments of their wives at the moment of the assassination of their father, fled, but were overtaken and dragged into the presence of Sidi Mahmoud, who instantly caused their heads to be struck off. He was then recognised as absolute chief of the Regency. Jussuf Koggia, his minister, commenced his functions with causing Mariano Stinka, who enjoyed great favour under the old government, to be impaled, and the Renegado Mahmet to be strangled. The latter had formed a conspiracy against the new Bey.

AMERICA.

Dispatches from Sir Alex. Cochrane have announced a successful attack made by the troops under Major-gen. Sir John Lambert, on the 11th of Feb. on Fort Mobile, situate in West Florida, on the Gulf of Mexico. Our loss was about 30 men. Soon after it was taken, intelligence was received of the Peace between the two countries. The forces were consequently withdrawn, and sailed for the Havannah, whence they will return to Europe.

Mr. Madison, it is said, has signified a wish to resign the Presidency of the United States.

COUNTRY NEWS.

March 27. The Alexander country ship, from Bombay, was driven on shore in the course of the night, close by the village of Wyke, near Portland. All on board unhappily perished, with the exception of four lascars and a woman. By the Bombay Courier, of the 22d of October, it appears that the ship Alexander, Capt. Ugle, sailed thence for London, with the following persons on board as passengers: Mrs. Auldjo; Dr. and Mrs. Dunbar; Miss Toriano, Major Ramsay; Capt. Campbell, of his Majesty's 47th regiment; Lieut. and Mrs. Deverel, of his Majesty's 47th regiment; Lieut. Wade; Lieut. Baker; Lieut. Bennet; Lieut. Godby. Children: Charlotte Elphinstone; John Elphinstone; Wm. Richard Russell; Edmond Deverel; Lydia Deverel; Frances Deverel.-Thomas Mathews, invalid from the artillery.

April 9. Last week, owing to an extraordinary high tide, the Severn in the neigh bourhood of Gloucester, overflowed its banks. The embankment lately formed on a part of Col. Berkeley's estate at Slim Bridge, called the New Ground, was forced down; and 60 sheep and lambs were drowned. In the tything of Berwick and Northwick, adjoining the New Passage, a long extent. of sea wall was thrown down. Dart, the boatman, at the New Passage, and his daughter, escaped only by climbing to the top of a tree, from which he saw his dwelling house and premises swept completely away.

From among the many excellent and beautiful designs presented by different artists for the monument to be erected at Yarmouth, to the memory of the late Lord Nelson, that of an Athenian Doric Column, by Mr. W. Wilkins, has been selected. Mr. W.'s correct and classical taste is particularly exhibited in the erection of Downing college, Cambridge. This gentleman is the author of that splendid work intituled " Magna Græcia."

It appears from "the Report of the Proceedings of Earl Nelson's Trustees,” dated the 18th inst, that they have at length, by their Agent, Mr. Litchfield, entered into an agreement for the pur chase of an Estate, Mansion-house, and Park, at Standlynch, Wilts, the property of the late H. Dawkins, esq. comprising the manor of Standlynch, the extra-parochial bamlet of that name, a large and respectable mansion-house and offices, nearly 1900 acres of land, of which about 1290 acres are freehold, 515 copyhold of inheritance, subject to certain small fines, and 93 acres, copyhold, for lives, with a fishery in the River Avon, and a water corn-mill, and the right of appointing the Curate of Standlynch. The whole of the land-tax, with a very small exception, is redeemed. The price which the trustees have agreed to give for this estate, including the timber, which is considerable, is 93,450l.; and it has been reported to them by their architect, who surveyed the buildings, that about 30007. will be wanted for repairs. The trustees being aware that they could not be warranted in entering into an agreement for the payment of any purchase money beyond the amount of the grant of 90,000l. thought it necessary, before they authorized their Agent to enter into the negociation, to require from Earl Nelson, with whose approbation and concurrence the negociation was entered upon, an undertaking that he would, in the hope that Parliament might think proper to make good the same, pay the excess of price beyond the sum of 87,000/.; a portion of the estate equivalent in value being, in case no such grant shall be made, conveyed to his Lordship as his private próperty;