duction of the Latin, as much as pos sible to the self-intelligent form of a native language, must render the Madras system of similar easy adaptation to a dead language. We speak of course in the infancy of the thing, and all we mean is, that, furnish the copia verborum, and the Madras processes will then apply in Latin as in English, with the simple substitution of parsing for spelling.

Mr. Marriott, who is a very able and very exemplary Clergyman, will, we are convinced, take these hints as we mean them, namely, that he will pursue the subject, and let not his well-merited laurels become a mere family trophy. We cordially wish that he may favour the world with a plan in detail, which may convert his Isthmian crown into a statue, voted by public approbation. We have merely indulged in the hints which we bave given, because we know that no person can either write or speak Latin classically and idiomatically by the mere means of such dictionaries as those now in use. We have no ideas of instructing a clever man who has made himself master of a particular subject; but we know that classical students, from the defect mentioned, are now obliged to travel in woods where there are neither roads or direction-posts. We ourselves have had a nine-years education in a public school, and know that we acquired our knowledge of Latin composition solely by memory and selection, and imitation; and we do not remember with pleasure castigations originating in the defects of our Dictionaries.

Newton,

Dorchester Gaol - The Bible Boyle, Paschal, Clarendon- The Play house, Bagnio, Tavern-Travelling in France Historic Facts of the BibleGrand Discoveries respecting the Soul, by Surgeon Lawrence. Voltaire Mr. Locke- Diderot - Condorcet-Sir Isaac Newton The Brains-The Prophets and Apostles - Lazarus - Verdict of Reason Addison-Miss H. More Bri tish Review-South Sea Islander-The Catechism and Bible Stubborn English- Lord Byron His Retreat-Employments - its Beauties and Mockeries - Death of Infidels-England's Duty-Religion in America, &c. &c. &c."

man

Don

-

Juan

In conclusion the Oxonian says,

"I am, Mr. Bull, with the highest esteem and respect, and with the strongest anxiety, that your good old honest, patriotic, Christian character, may never be changed, your cordial well-wisher,"

"Should this letter, Mr. Bull, gain your attention, I shall take an early opportunity of laying before you the Contrast, in a letter, descriptive of the Royal Triumvirate, of which the late worthy Duke of Kent, our late venerable Sovereign, his present Majesty, and his amiable Daughter the late Princess Charlotte, will be the leading characters."

66. The Palace of John Bull contrasted with the Poor House that Jack built. 8vo. pp. 24. Greenland.

A WELL-MEANT endeavour to stem the torrent of Sedition; contrated by Eight neat Copper-plates. cluding with a Loyal Song, and illus

67. The Emigrant's Guide to Upper Canada; or, Sketches of the present State of that Province, collected from a residence therein luring the years 1817, 1818, 1819. Interspersed with Reflec tions. By C. Stuart, Esq. retired Captain of the Honourable the East India Company's Service, and one of his Majesty's Justices of the Peace for the Western District of Upper Canada. 12mo. pp. 335. Longman and Co.

THIS will be found an indispensable Guide to those who are inclined to visit Canada, and aa amusing volume to those who are not. The Author writes from actual observation, and authentic documents and the prospects held out by him are pleasing and satisfactory. The Topography and the Climate are well described; and the terms on which settlers are received by the Government fally explained,

LITERARY

Cambridge, March 3.—Members' Prizes -The subjects for the present year are, for the Senior Bachelors, "Quantum momenti, ad studium rei Theologicæ promovendum, babeat litterarum humaniorum cultus." For Middle Bachelors, "lu Georgium Tertium, Oratio Funebris."

March 10.-Sir William Browne's me. dals-The subjects for the present year are-For the Greek Ode: Mynμon.For the Latin Ode: "Ad Georgium Quartum, Augustissimum Principem, Sceptra Paterna accipientem." For the Greek Epigram: "Inscriptio, in Venam Aquæ ex inis visceribus Terra Arte eductam," -For the Latin Epigram: "Impransi disquirite."

Ready for Publications

A Catechism on the Evidences of Chris tianity, by the Rev. Dr. YATES.

Sermons on the Death of his Majesty George III. by the Rev. J. DAVIES, the Rev. T. PixCHBACK, and the Rev. GEORGE BURDER.

A Sermon on the Death of the Duke of Kent and his Majesty George III. by the Rev. A. REED.

The best provision for the Poor, a Ser. mon preached at the opening of St. Matthew's Chapel, Manchester, by the Rev. R. BRADLEY.

The Truth, Nature, and Universality of the Gospel; a Sermon preached at Stirling, June 29, 1819; by Ralph WardLAND, D.D. 8vo.

A Sermon delivered at the Meetinghouse, Dean-street, Southwark; by J. M. CRAMP.

Seasonable Advice to Youth on the Study of the Scriptures. By the Rev. F. A. Cox, A.M.

Historical Work on the Persecutions in France; by the Rev. MARK WILKS. The Life of Brainerd; by the Rev. Dr. STYLES.

The Picture of Yarmouth, embellished with Twenty Engravings, and a Ground Plan of that ancient and populous Borough; by JOHN PRESTON, Esq. Collector of his Majesty's Customs for that Port. The Adventures of Thomas Eustace, of Chinnor, Oxfordshire, who fled from his Apprenticeship at Amersham, and was shipwrecked off the Coast of America, when he hung by his hauds, to the side of the Ship, for eighteen hours, in consequence of which he lost his limbs, but was at length restored, and became the Master of Amersham Workhouse, in 1818. By a CLERGYMAN,

The Thistlewoods uprooted in Catostreet; or, the Radicals unmasked and ontwitted; with an Engraving of the Radical Parliament.

Preparing for Publication.

A Refutation of the Objections to the New Translation of the Bible. By J. BELLAMY, Author of the "Anti-Deist," & c.

A Volume of Sermons by Mr, BRADLEY, of High Wycombe.

A New Quarterly Journal and Review, to be entitled "The Investigator." The object of this Work is to connect sound Learning and the various branches of Polite Literature, with an undeviating attention to the principles of pure and undefiled Religion, and to the best Interests of Society, without distinction of Sect or Party.

Picturesque illustrations of Buenos Ayres and Monte Video, consisting of 24 Views, and faithful representations of the Costumes, Manners, &c. of the Inbabi. tants of those cities and their environs, Taken on the spot by E. E. VIDAL, Esq. and accompanied with descriptive letterpress.

A "Splendid and Unique Illustration of Pennant's London," from the Chiswick press. The work we are informed, when bound, will constitute twenty-four volumes in atlas folio; but as the whole is in loose sheets, and classed in appropriate port folios, the possessor may please himself in making any arrangement he may choose. Although the illustrations are so very numerous, amounting to more than three thousand prints and drawings, the work is susceptible of great additions. Hence the purchaser has the option of either binding it in its present very copious state, or augmenting its embellishments to almost any extent, The key to this treasure is to be found at Mr. Triphook's.

The History of the Rebellion in 1745 and 1746-containing the causes of the Pretender's defeat at Culloden, and a variety of interesting Anecdotes hitherto unknown. By CHEVALIER JOHNSTONE, Aidede-Camp to Prince Edward Charles Stewart and Lord George Murray. With an account of his subsequent adventures in Scotland, England, Holland, France, Russia, and America. The Manuscript of Chevalier Johnston was originally deposited in the Scots College at Paris.

An Account of Timbuctoo and Housan Territories in the Interior of Africa, by

EL HACE ABD SALDM SHABEENIE, a native of Marocco, who personally visited and resided as a Merchant in those interesting Countries. With Notes, critical and explanatory, by J. G. JACKSON, late British Consul at Vera Cruz, &c.

A History of the Zodians, illustrating the natural origin of Public Institutions and the influence in society of the principles and expedients of political economy.

A Series of Characteristic Portraits of the Cossacks attached to the Prussian Army which occupied Paris in 1815 and 1816; with ample details of the History, Manners, and Customs of the different Tribes to which they belonged.

Le Guesta d'Enrico IV. in Italian verse, by Mr. GUAZZARONI, author of the Italian Grammar, &c.

A Geological Primer, in Verse, with a Poetical Geognosy; or, Feasting and Fighting; and sundry right pleasant Poems; to which is added, a Critical Dissertation on King Cool's Levee, addressed to the Professors and Students at the University of Oxford.

A new and splendid Edition, in Monthly Numbers, of the Genuine Works of Hogarth; from the original Plates purchased from his Executrix, by Messrs. BOYDELL, and now the property of Messrs. BALDWIN, CRADOCK, and Joy. These plates have the advantage of Hogarth's last thoughts, and the present Impression of them is to be superintended by Mr. HEATH, and illustrated by Mr. NICHOLS.

Taxidermy; or, the art of Collecting, Preparing, and Mounting objects of Natural History for the use of Museums and Travellers.

"Royal Virtue." A Tour to Kensington, Windsor, and Claremont, or a contemplation of the character and virtues of George III. the Duke of Kent, and the Princess Charlotte, in the scenes where they were principally displayed.

We long felt surprize that Mr. COXE'S excellent History of the House of Austria has not reached a new edition, particularly as the Work is no less interesting than elaborate, and much admired abroad, being in fact the only regular history of that family in any language. A strong proof of its merit and authenticity has been given by those who must be cousidered as competent judges; for the archdukes John and Louis, in their passage through Salisbury, honoured the author with a visit, and thanked him, not only in their own names, but in those of the Em-1 peror and the archduke Charles, for the able and authentic manner in which he had illustrated the History of their House. At length, however, we have the satisfaction to announce a new edition, in five volumes octavo, of a work which ought

to undergo the attentive perusal of every one who professes to understand the History of Europe, and the political relations of its different States. It embraces a period of 800 years.

Mr. BOWDITCH, the conductor of the celebrated Mission to Ashantée, has just published the interesting Travels of Mr. MOLLIEN in the Interior of Africa. These Travels, performed by a Gentleman whose adventurous spirit was not to be daunted even by the tremendous shipwreck of the Medusa, in which he was involved, record, we understand, some very important Geographical Discoveries; they make us acquainted with the sources of the Senegal, the Gambia, the Rio Grande, and the Faleme, and correct the erroneous notions entertained respecting the situation of the source of the Niger, and the course of that river, which has been a subject of so much speculation.

LITERATURE IN GREECE.

The Greek Journal, Hermes No Logios, for Sept. 1819, contains, among other articles, a memoir in the form of a letter, of the services rendered during twenty years, to Greece, by the brothers Zosimas-they are both numerous and important. "These worthy and respectable sons of the country," says the writer, "could no longer endure to see it covered with the shades of ignorance; but concluded that to be rendered happy, it must be enlightened. They have established at Joannina, in Epirus, their native country, a school of the first order, have enriched it with an excellent library, have assigned considerable funds for the emolument of professors, have granted pensions to poor students, and have spared no expense to assist in raising their unfortunate country. To their munificence we owe the Greek Bibliotheca of Mr. Coray, with its excellent commentaries, the fruit of much study and learning. The eldest of the brothers Zosimas has resided from his youth at Moscow. The venerable mother of the Emperor Alexander, being a few years ago in that ancient capital of the Czars, desired to see the benefactor of Greece, caused him to be presented, entered into conversation with him, with distinguished good-will, and among other things said to him-"M. Zosimas, the benefits which you confer every day on your countrymen, are known to my son, and to me: continue them! and assure yourself, that independently of our satisfaction, the blessings of those whom you render happy, will rise even to heaven." Turning afterwards to the other Greeks who were present, "Gentlemen," said she, "this is the true ornament of your nation."

Messrs. Zosimas have formed at Moscow a considerable collection of antiqui

ties, &c. with which they purpose some day to enrich their native country, Greece.

The Greek printing-office established at Chios, has began its labours. The first work it has produced, is an excellent discourse by Professor Bambas, at the opening of the great college of Chios. This is so well executed, and printed with so much elegance, that even the Parisians speak of it as worthy to be attributed to the Paris press. This establishment bids fair to be

come the means of distributing throughout Greece a succession of important works, destined to contribute to the regeneration of that classic country.

At Zagori, in the province of Epirus, a grand college is about to be established. The voluntary contributions towards this noble undertaking amount to about 3,0007. M. Neophytos Doucas, a learned ecclesiastic, has given for his share a sum approaching to 5007.

EGYPTIAN ANTIQUITIES.

In our former Numbers we have frequently had the satisfaction of noticing the important discoveries made by M. Caviglia and Mr. Salt amongst the Py. ramids of Egypt. The most splendid of M. Caviglia's labours was that of uncover. ing the colossal Andro-sphynx, in front of the pyramid of Cephrenes. The labour was immense: it cost him three months incessant exertion, with the assistance of from 60 to 100 persons every day, to lay open the whole figure to its base, and expose a clear area, extending 100 feet from its front; -a labour in which they were greatly impeded by the moveable nature of the sand, which, by the slightest wind or concussion, was apt to run down like a cascade of water, and fill up the excavation. This colossal figure is cut out of the rock; the paws, and some projecting lines, where perhaps the rock was deficient, or which may have been repaired since its first construction, being composed of masonry.

:

On the stone platform in front, and centrally between the paws of the sphynx, which stretch out fifty feet in advance of the body, was found a large block of granite, two feet thick, fourteen high, and seven broad. It fronts the East, as does the face of the sphynx, is highly embellished with sculptures in bas-relief, representing two sphynxes on pedestals, and priests presenting offerings, with a wellexecuted hieroglyphical inscription be neath the whole covered at top, and pro. tected as it were with the sacred globe, the serpent, and the wings. Two other tablets of calcareous stone, similarly or namented, were conjectured, with the former, to have constituted part of a temple, by being placed one on each side of the latter at right angles to it. One of them was in its place, the other thrown down and broken. A small lion couchant, with its eyes directed towards the sphynx, was in front of this edifice. Several frag ments of other lions and the fore-part of a sphynx, were likewise found; all of

See vol. LXXXIX. i. Į . pp. 349. 445. ii. 62.

which, as well as the sphynx, the tablets, walls, and platform, on which the little temple stood, were covered with red paint, which would seem here, as in India, to have been appropriated to sacred pur poses; perhaps as being the colour of fire. A granite altar stands in front of the temple, one of the four horns being still in its place, and the effects of fire visible on the top of the altar. On the side of the paw of the great sphynx, and on the digits of the paws, are Greek inscriptions; as also on some small edifices in front of the sphynx, inscribed to the Sphynx, to Harpocrates, Mars, Hermes, to Claudius, (on an erasure, in which can be traced a former name, that of Nero,) to Septimus Severus (over an erasure of Geta), &c.

A rich harvest of Antiquities has been obtained in exploring the contents of se veral of the ruined edifices and tumuli which, when viewed from the top of the great Pyramid, appear in countless nuinbers scattered among the pyramids, extending on the left bank of the Nile, North and South as far as the eye can reach. They have been mentioned by travellers, but never examined before with the attention they merit. The stone buildings to which they gained access, by freeing them from the sand and rubbish with which they were choked, and which Mr. Salt supposes to be mausoleums, are generally oblong, with their walls slightly inclined inward from the perpendicular, flat-roofed, with a parapet rounded at top, and rising about a foot above the terrace. Their walls are constructed of large masses, made nearly to fit with each other, though rarely rectangular. Some have door-ways, ornamented above with a volute, covered with hieroglyphics; others only of square apertures, gradually narrowing inward. The doors and windows are all on the North sides; perhaps because least exposed to the windcarried sands from the Libyan desert. The inside of the walls of the first he examined was stuccoed, and embellished with rude paintings; one of which represented the Sacred Boat, another a Procession; and

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in the Southern extremity were found several mouldering mummies, laid one over the other, in a recumbent position, Many of the bones were entire; and on one skull was part of its cloth covering, inscribed with hieroglyphics. The second which he examined had no paintings, but contained several fragments of statues; two of which composed the entire body of a walking figure, almost the size of life, with the arms hanging down and resting on the thighs. Mr. Salt thinks this was intended as a portrait, the several parts of which were marked with a strict attention to Nature, and coloured after life, having glass eyes or transpa rent stones, to improve the resemblance. A bead was also discovered, which Mr. Salt describes as a respectable specimen of art. Many of the fragments of granite and alabaster sculptures give a higher idea of Egyptian art than has usually prevailed, much attention being shown to the marking of the joints and muscles, In another of these buildings was a sculptured boat of a large size, with a square sail, different from any now in use on the Nile. In the first chamber were basreliefs of men, deer, and birds, painted to resemble nature: the men engaged in different mechanical occupations. In the second apartinent there were similar productions,-a Quarrel between some boatmen, executed with great spirit; men engaged in agricultural pursuits, plough ing, hoeing, stowing the corn in maga. zines, &c.; vases painted in vivid colours; musicians, with a group of danc ing women. Another chamber was without embellishment; a fourth had figures and hieroglyphics; and, in a fifth, were hieroglyphics executed on white plaster, as it would appear, by means of stamps. In all the mausoleums which were opened, fragments of mummy cloth, bitumen, and human bones, were found; but, what is perhaps most singular of all, in one apart. ment or other of all of them was a deep shaft or well. One that was cleared out by Mr. Caviglia was sixty feet deep; and, in a subterranean chamber a little to the South, at the bottom of the well, was found, without a lid, a plain, but highly-finished sarcophagus; and from this it may be inferred that, in each mausoleum, such a chamber and sarcophagus may be found, at the bottom of the well,

RUINS OF BABYLON

All information relative to the once powerful and mighty city of Babylon must excite the most pleasing emotions in the mind of the traveller and historian. Even its very site deeply impresses the imagination with an awful sense of its former greatness. It is with infinite pleasure we extract a few remarks from

a communication made by Caph Edw. Frederick to the Literary Society of Bombay.

After adding some general observations on the ancient condition of that once flourishing city, he proceeds to describe the existing state of the ruins, and introduces many interesting remarks on the present appearance of the country. He says,

As to

that the ruins of the mound lie on the left a short distance off the direct road from Hillah; and a traveller merely sees Belus's tower as he rides along, and must turn out of his way if he wishes to examine it, which will occupy a longer time than travellers generally have leisure for, as appears from their own acknowledgments, not to notice their dread of being surprised by the wandering Arabs. the other travellers who have visited this celebrated spot, it would be carrying complaisance too far to place implicit confidence on their relations, as they appear merely to have passed over the ground, and sometimes not even to know that they were amidst the ruins, until their guides told them it was Babel they were riding over. They of course had no time to examine the heaps of rubbish.

"Other travellers visited only one bank of the Euphrates, not caring to risk meeting with the Arabs while gratifying their curiosity on the other. From Belus's tower (which is four miles from Hillab in a direct line) there are no more mounds on the bank of the river for the distance of twelve miles above the tower, when you are shown a small heap of white and red furnace-baked bricks, called by the Arabs the hummum or bath. I strongly suspect this to be the remains of a modern building, from the size, colour, and general appearance of the bricks, which, in my opinion, bear not the slightest resemblance to those I had previously seen. This spot, 1 should imagine, had not been visited by any traveller, as it lies at a great distance from the main road from Hillah to Bagdad; indeed, no one mentions ever having seen it. These are all the mounds, or ruins, as they are called, of Babylon, that are generally shown to travellers under the general denomination of Babel. I however discovered, after much inquiry, that there were some heaps on the right bauk, at the distance of some miles from Hillah, between the village of Karakoolee and the river.

"I accordingly rode to them, and perceived that, for the space of about half a mile square, the country was covered with fragments of different kinds of bricks, but none of them led me to conclude that they were of the same size and composition as those found either at Belus's tower, or the mound mentioned to be situated between it and Hillah; I therefore returned, somewhat disappointed,"

The