Government in a succession of treaties, which finally resulted in the termination of the war and the payment to the Indians of an amount which satisfied them for the land taken by the Walking Purchase and other dubious processes. Representatives of the Association, either by invitation of the Indians or of the Governor, were invariably present, and their largesses to the Indians much smoothed the way to pacific relations. As Israel Pemberton, a prominent member, said in 1758, after speaking of the misconstruction of their motives by various persons:

If we can but be instrumental to restore peace to our country and retrieve the credit of it with our former kind neighbors, but of late bloody enemies, we shall have all the reward we desire. . . . It was by this [justice] the first settlers of the Province obtained their friendship, and the name of a Quaker of the same spirit as William Penn still is in the highest estimation among their old men, ... and there's a considerable number of us here united in a resolution to endeavor by the like conduct to fix the same good impressions of all of us in the minds of the rising_generation.*

Treaties were held at Easton in the summer and fall of 1756. Tedyuscung conducted the negotiations on behalf of the Six Nations, who in the main remainded friendly, and the Delawares. The Lieutenant-Governor and his

"The Friend," Vol. XLVI., page 187.

Council were present. The Friendly Association requested to be allowed to send delegates, and were at first forbidden, but being doubtful either of the perfect wisdom or perfect sincerity of the Governor,* and finding that the Indians desired them, sent their deputation, and had important influence in securing a favorable conclusion.

"This very

Tedyuscung was very plain. ground that is under me (striking it with his foot) was my land and inheritance, and is taken from me by fraud." He went over the old grounds of complaint, but desired now to live in peace. The Council, with apparent intention to evade the real question, brought up the old decision of 1742, when the Six Nations chastised their "women," as evidence of the fairness of Proprietors, and proposed that they should, when they adjourned to Philadelphia, inquire into the matter and do what was right. This was evidently insincere. The Walking Purchase and its consequences were too well known to need further investigation, and so the commissioners acting for the Assembly seem to have known,

*"The Friend," Vol. XLVI., page 201. Letter of James Pemberton.

"Colonial Records," Vol. VII., page 324.

for they advised settling the claims immediately. This was finally done. The Quakers added their present of clothing, and the Indians went off in better humor than for years.

This did not entirely stop hostilities on the sparse frontier. Scattered tribes still had private revenge or French designs to spur them on. But Tedyuscung, who was now a Christian, used his greatest endeavors to bring them one by one into friendly relations with the English, and a little interval of quiet allowed the disordered border to repair itself before another war again stirred up the Indians.

The year 1757 saw peace restored by the efforts of the heroic Moravian Christian, Frederic Post, sent out by the Friendly Association to the Ohio Indians, and by the capture of Fort DuQuesne by General Forbes.

CHAPTER VII.

MILITARY MATTERS.

Of all Friendly ideas the most difficult to incorporate practically into government machinery was that of peace. The uncompromising views which inost Quakers held as to the iniquity of all war, seemed to those outside the Society utopian if not absurd, and did not command the united support of its own membership. That justice and courtesy should characterize all dealings with other states, that no aggressive war could ever be justified, that in almost every case war could be honorably avoided, all were willing to endorse and practice, but a minority, probably a small minority, held that circumstances might arise when warlike defense was necessary and proper, and that the Sermon on the Mount was not to be interpreted any more literally when it commanded "Resist not evil" than when it commanded"Lay not up treasures on earth."

The general tenor of authoritative Quaker teaching, however, admitted no such interpretation. It is not found in the writings of Fox, Barclay, Penington or Penn. Their language