Dates of Certain Wars, Events, Etc.

War of the Revolution, April 19, 1775, to April 11, 1783.

Wyoming Valley, Penn., disturbances, 1782-1787.

Shays's rebellion, Massachusetts, 17861787.

War with Northwest Indians, Miamis, Wyandots, Delawares, Pottawatomies, Shawnees, Chippawas and Ottawas, September, 1790, to August, 1795.

Whiskey Insurrection in Pennsylvania, 1791-1794.

War with France, July 9, 1798, to Sept. 30, 1800.

War with Tripoli, June 10, 1801, to June 4, 1805.

Burr Insurrection, 1805.

Sabine Expedition, Louisiana, 1806. Naval affair in Chesapeake Bay, July 9 to Aug. 5, 1807.

War with Northwest Indians, November, 1811, to October, 1813.

War with Great Britain, June 18, 1812, to Feb. 17, 1815.

Florida or Seminole War, Aug. 15 to October, 1812.

Peoria Indian War, Illinois, Sept. 19 to Oct. 21, 1813.

Creek Indian War, Alabama, 1813-1814. Seminole or Florida War, Nov. 20, 1817, to Oct. 31, 1818.

Campaign against Blackfeet and Arickeree Indians, Upper Missouri River, 1823. Winnebago Expedition (no fighting), June to September, 1827, also called La Fevre Indian War.

Sac and Fox Indian troubles in Illinois, 1831.

Black Hawk War, April 26 to Sept. 21, 1832.

Pawnee

Expedition, Indian Territory, June to September, 1834.

Toledo War, Ohio and Michigan boundary dispute, 1835-1836.

Seminole or Florida War, Nov. 1, 1835, to Aug. 14, 1842.

Creek disturbances in Alabama, May 5, 1836, to Sept. 30, 1837.

Southwestern Frontier, Louisiana, Arkansas and Texas (Sabine disturbances), no fighting, April, 1836, to June 30, 1837. Cherokee disturbances and removal, 1836-1839.

Osage Indian troubles in Missouri, 1837. Heatherly Indian disturbances on Missouri and Iowa line, 1838.

Mormon disturbances in Missouri, 1838. New-York, Aroostook and Canada (Patriot War) Frontier disturbances (no fighting), 1838-1839.

Mexican War, April 24, 1846, to May 30, 1848.

New-Mexico Expedition, June 30, 1846, to Feb. 13, 1848.

Cayuse War, Oregon, Oregon Volunteers, 1848.

Navajo troubles, New-Mexico, 18491861.

Continuous disturbances with Comanche, Cheyenne, Lipan and Kickapoo Indians in Texas, 1849-1861.

Pitt River Expedition, California, April 28 to Sept. 13, 1850.

Yuma Expedition, California, December, 1851, to April, 1852.

Utah Indian disturbances, 1851-1853. Rogue River, Yakima, Klikitat, Kla

Seminole or Florida War, Dec. 20, 1855, to May 8, 1858.

Gila Expedition, New-Mexico, April 16 to Sept. 16, 1857.

Sioux Indian troubles in Minnesota and Iowa, March and April, 1857.

Utah Expedition, 1857-1858.

Kansas Border troubles, 1857-1858. Expedition. against Northern Indians, Washington Territory, July 17 to Oct. 17, 1858.

Puget Sound Expedition, Washington Territory, Aug. 10 to Sept. 23, 1858.

Spokane, Coeur d'Alene and Paloos Indian troubles in Washington Territory, 1858.

Navajo Expedition, New-Mexico, Sept. 9 to Dec. 25, 1858.

Wichita Expedition, Indian Territory, Sept. 11, 1858, to December, 1859.

Colorado River Expedition, California, Feb. 11 to April 28, 1859.

Pecos Expedition, Texas, April 16 to Aug. 17, 1859.

Antelope Hills Expedition, Texas, June 10 to Sept. 23, 1859.

Bear River Expedition, Utah, June 12 to Oct. 18, 1859.

John Brown Raid, Virginia, November and December, 1859.

Cortina troubles on Texas and Mexican border, 1859-1860.

Kiowa and Comanche Expedition, Indian Territory, May 8 to Oct. 11, 1860.

Carson Valley Expedition, Utah, May 14 to July 15, 1860.

Navajo Expedition, New-Mexico, Sept. 12, 1860, to Feb. 24, 1861.

Apache Indian War and troubles in Arizona and New-Mexico, 1861-1890.

War of the Rebellion, April 19, 1861, to Aug. 20, 1866. Actual hostilities, however, commenced upon the firing on Fort Sumter, April 12, 1861, and ceased by the surrender of the Confederate forces under General Kirby Smith, May 26, 1865.

Sioux Indian War in Minnesota and Dakota, 1862-1867.

War against the Cheyenne, Arapahoe, Kiowa and Comanche Indians in Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado and Indian Territory, 1863-1869.

Indian War in Southern Oregon and Idaho, and Northern California and Nevada, 1865–1868.

Fenian raid, New-York and Canada border disturbances, 1865-1866.

Campaign against Lipan, Kiowa, Kickapoo and Comanche Indians and Mexican Border disturbances, 1867-1881.

Canadian River Expedition, New-Mexico. Nov. 5, 1868, to Feb. 13, 1869.

Yellowstone Expedition, Aug. 28 to Oct. 25. 1871.

Fenian troubles, Dakota and Manitoba Frontier, September and October, 1871.

Modoc Campaign, Nov. 28, 1872, to June 1, 1873.

Yellowstone Expedition, Dakota, June 4 to Oct. 4, 1873.

Campaign against Klowa, Cheyenne and Comanche Indians in Indian Territory, Aug. 1, 1874, to Feb. 16, 1875.

Sioux Expedition, Wyoming and Nebraska, Feb. 13 to Aug. 19, 1874.

Black Hills Expedition, Dakota, June 20, to Aug. 30, 1874.

Big Horn Expedition, Wyoming, Aug. 13 to Oct. 10, 1874.

Expedition against Indians in Eastern Nevada, Sept. 7 to 27, 1875. Powder River Expedition, Nov. 1 to Dec. 31, 1876. Big Horn and

Yellowstone

Wyoming,

Expedi

tions, Wyoming and Montana, Feb. 17, 1876, to June 13, 1877.

War with Northern Cheyenne and Sioux Indians in Indian Territory, Kansas, Wyoming, Dakota, Nebraska and Montana, 187679.

Labor strikes in Pennsylvania and Maryland, July to October, 1877.

Nez Perces Campaign, June 14 to Oct. 5, 1877.

Bannock Campaign, May 30 to Sept. 4, 1878.

Piute Indian troubles, in Nevada and Idaho, 1878.

Ute Expedition, Colorado, April 3 to Sept. 9, 1878.

Snake or Sheepeater Indian troubles, Oregon and Washington, 1879.

Disturbances of settlers in Indian and Oklahoma Territories, "Oklahoma Boomers,"

and the Cherokee Strip disturbances, 1879-94.

Ute Indian Campaign in Colorado and Utah, Sept. 21, 1879, to Nov. 8, 1880. Chinese Miner and Labor troubles in Wyoming, September and October, 1885. Sioux Indian disturbances in South

Dakota, November, 1890, to January,

1891.

Garzia troubles, Texas and Mexican Border disturbances, 1891-93.

Miner disturbances in Idaho, July to November, 1892.

"Commonweal

"Industrial Army," ers," "Coxeyites" and labor disturb

ances, 1894.

Railroad, Pullman and Labor strikes extending from Illinois to Pacific Coast, June to August, 1894.

Bannock Indian troubles, July and August, 1895.

TROOPS ENGAGED IN WARS OF UNITED STATES.

Wars. Revolution

1893:

Northwest Indians

NAVAL MILITIA OF STATES.

In 1887 Senator Whitthorne introduced a bill in Congress "to create a Naval Reserve of auxiliary cruisers, officers and men from the mercantile marine of the United States." The measure did not pass, but in the following year Mr. Whitthorne introduced a naval militia measure formulated by the Navy Department. This

bill did not become a law, but it was enacted by several State Legislatures as a purely State measure (notably Massachusetts and New-York), and organizations were formed in those States under it. It was not until March 2, 1891, that Congress, at the urgent request of Secretary 1racy, appropriated $25,000 to arm and equip the naval militia. Since then this sum has been annually appropriated. The act of July 26, 1894, recommended by Secretary Herbert, provided for the purchase of books, in addition to arms and equipment, and on August 3, 1894, an act was passed authorizing and empowering the Secretary of the Navy to loan unserviceable naval vessels to the naval militia organizations for inshore armories for purposes of instruction and drill. Under this act several of the States have the use of such vessels. The annual appropriation is not distributed directly to the States, but is expended under the Bureau of Ordrance on requisitions by the Governors of the States, approved by the Navy Department. All matters relating to the Naval Militia come under the cognizance of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy. The apportionment of the appropriation is made on the basis of the number of uniformed petty officers and men in each organization. Under regulations approved April 1, 1896, the appropriation for 1896 was apportioned as follows: fornia, 29 officers and 417 men, $2.997; Connecticut, 7 officers and 92 men, $661; Georgia, 8 officers and 98 men, $704; Illinois, 40 officers and 395 men, $2,839; Louisiana, 15 officers and 217 men, $1,559; Maryland, 18 officers and 197 men. $1,416; Massachusetts, 44 officers and 439 men, $3,155; Michigan, 40 officers and 181 men, $1,301: New-Jersey, 28 officers and 312 men, $2,242; New-York, 24 officers and 383 men, $2.752; North Carolina, 17 officers and 162 men, $1,164; Pennsylvania, 18 officers and 132 men, $948; Rhode Island, 9 officers and 149 men, $1,071; South Carolina, 21 officers and 165 men, $1,186. The allotment is based on the number of petty officers and men, and averages $7 18 for each, the total appropriation of Congress being $25.000.

Cali

The United States Naval Militia Association had its first annual meeting on May 1, 1896, and elected the following officers: President, Isaac W. Emerson, Maryland; vice-presidents, the commanding officer of the organization in each of the ten States represented; secretary, Lieutenant Yardley, of New-Jersey; treasurer, Lieutenant Newberry, of Michigan.

UTAH.

On July 16, 1894, Congress passed an act to enable the people of Utah to form a Constitution and State government and to be admitted into the Union on an equal

109

COPYRIGHT IN THE U. S. Under the International Copyright act (approved March 3, 1891; took effect July 1, 1891) any United States citizen. citizen or subject of foreign nations granting copyright to United States citizens on substantially the same basis with their own citizens, or which become parties to an international agreement for reciprocity in copyright, may secure for twenty-eight years the sole liberty of printing, reprinting, publishing, completing, copying, executing, finishing and vending his work; and, in case of a dramatic composition, of publicly performing or representing it, or causing it to be performed or represented by others. The right of citizens or subjects of a foreign nation to copyright in the United States, on January 1, 1896, had been extended by Presidential proclamations to Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Belgium, Denmark and Switzerland. On February 27, 1896, copyright benefits were extended to citizens of Mexico by proclamation of the President; and on May 25, 1896, copyright benefits were extended to Chili in the same manner.

The secretary of the American Copyright League is R. U. Johnson, No. 33 East 17th-st., N. Y. City, N. Y.

For directions for securing copyrights, penalties for violations of the law, etc., see "The Tribune Almanac" for 1896, page 81.

TRADE MARKS LAWS.

The following classes may obtain registration:

1. (a) Any person, firm or corporation domiciled in the United States or located in any foreign country which, by treaty, convention or law, affords similar privileges to citizens of the United States, and who is entitled to the exclusive use of any trade-mark and uses the same in commerce with foreign nations or with Indian tribes.

(b) Any citizen or resident of this country wishing the protection of his trademark in any foreign country, the laws of which require registration in the United States as a condition precedent.

2. Every applicant for registration of a trade-mark must cause to be recorded in the Patent Office

(a) The name, domicile and place of business or location of the firm or corporation desiring the protection of the trade-mark, and the residence and citizenship of individual applicants.

(b) The class of merchandise and the particular description of goods comprised in such class to which the trade-mark has been appropriated.

(c) A description of the trade-mark itself. with fac-similes thereof, and the mode in which it has been applied and used.

(d) The length of time during which the trade-mark has been used by the applicant on the class of goods described.

3. A fee of $25 is required on filing each application.

An application will consist of a statement or specification, a declaration or oath, and the fac-simile with duplicates

state for what time the trade-mark has been used by the applicant, the class of merchandise, and the particular goods comprised in such class to which the trade-mark is appropriated, and the manner in which the trade-mark has been applied to the goods.

No trade-mark will be registered unless it shall be made to appear that the same is used as such by the applicant in commerce between the United States and some foreign nation or Indian tribe, or is within the provisions of a treaty, convention or declaration with a foreign Power, nor which is merely the name of the applicant nor which is identical within a known or registered trade-mark owned by another and appropriated to the same class of merchandise, or which so nearly resembles some other person's lawful trade-mark as to be likely to cause confusion in the mind of the public or to deceive purchasers, or which is merely descriptive in nature.

All letters should be addressed to the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

The method of procedure to obtain a patent is to be found on page 89 of "The Tribune Almanac" of 1896. For the calendar year of 1895 there were 39,145 applications for patents, 1,463 for designs, 72 for reissues, 2,415 caveats, 2.112 for trade-marks, 293 for registration of labeis and 13 applications for prints. There were 21,998 patents granted, including designs: 59 patents reissued, 1,829 trade-marks registered and 3 prints; 12,345 patents expired, and 3,428 were forfeited for non-payment of the final fee. The receipts of the office were $1,245,246, expenditures $1,084,496, leaving a balance in the Treasury to the credit of the Patent Office of $4,529,886. In every year since 1861 there has been a surplus over all expenditures; and in every year but eight since the foundation of the Patent Office on its present basis, in 1836, there has been a surplus. In proportion to population, more patents were issued to citizens of Connecticut than to those of any other State, and next in order came the District of Columbia, Massachusetts, Rhode Island. New-Jersey, New-York, Montana and Colorado. There were 2.049 patents granted to citizens of foreign countries, England taking the lead with 614; then Germany, 539; Canada, 302; France, 202; Scotland, 50, and others of a lesser number. The library has a record of 581,961 patents issued by foreign countries, 117,261 of which were issued in 1895.

LABOR LAWS OF THE U. S.

LABOR COMMISSIONER.--The U. S. Revised Statutes provide for a Commissioner of Labor at the seat of Government, who is specially charged to ascertain at as early a date as possible, and