sequ.

London and Paris compared, ii.

100.

Lemoisne, Wellington from

a

French Point of View, ii. 44.
Lesbian Canon, ii. 52.
Lib, Gothic for body, the same
root with Latin liber, i. 49,

note.

Lieber, Translation of De Beau-
mont and De Tocqueville on
Penitentiary System in U. S.,
ii. 153, note. Character of
the Gentleman, i. 264, note.
Essay on Penal Law, i. 92.
Letter on International Copy-
right, i. 113. On Labor and
Property, i. 122.
Liberians, ii. 21.
Liberty, definitions of, i. 32 and
sequ. All men desire it, even
the despot, i. 34. Liberty is
self-determination, i. 48. De-
finition of liberty in general,
ibid. Derivation of the word,
i. 48, note. Oratory, the aes-
thetics of liberty, i. 156. A
thing that grows, ii. 27. Web-
ster's opinion on its sagacity
and caution, i. 171. First con-
ceived of as negation of slave-
ry, i. 49, note.
Great passage
of Daniel Webster on its cha-
racter, i. 169 and sequ. See
Civil Liberty; Anglican Liber-
ty; Gallican Liberty.
Local Self-Government in Asia,
see Self-Government, i. 187.
Dixon on Maiwara, on it, ibid.,
note.

Locke, against comments on his
constitution for South Caro-
lina, i. 225. Against una-
nimity of juries, i. 258.

Longevity of States, of itself, de-
cides nothing, i. 170, note.
Longevity of modern states, ii.
61.

Lot. The lot an element of Greek
democracy, i. 62.

Louis XIV. persecutes protest-
ants, i. 119.

Louis XVIII., his charter, ii.
268.

Louis Napoleon's proclamation
after the coup d'état, i. 43, and
ii. 362. Vote on it, ii. 139.
Against responsible ministers,
i. 176. His dictum that the
history of armies is that of na-
tions, i. 293, note. Calls himself
institutor, i. 346. Saying that
liberty never founds govern-
ments, ii. 28. Believed to
have saved society, ii. 105.
Constitution made by him for
France, ii. 309.

Louis Philippe; Charter adopted
when he ascended the throne
of France, entire, ii. 268.

MACAULAY, on judges having
seats in the commons, i. 244.
Opinion on the manner in
which the English allowed
Charles to return, ii. 20.
Machiavelli, ii. 57, note.
Madison on division of power, i.
169, note.

Magna Charta of King John, en-
tire, ii. 178 and sequ.
Magna Charta of King Edward,
ii. 193.
Mainots, i. 78.

Majestas Populi, ii. 77 and sequ.
Majority, Protection of, i. 164.
Malleus Meleficarum, by Spreng-
er, ii. 113.

Managers, Election, i. 193.
Mansfield, Lord, on general war-

rants, i. 80. On alteration of
administration of justice, i.
234, note. On pardoning Dr.
Dodd, ii. 151.
Marcus Aurelius, letter by Fronto
to, 77, note.
Market Democracy, i. 184.
Mars, Mademoiselle, dictum on
applause, ii. 115.
Marshall, Chief-Justice, on trea-
son, i. 102.
On property, i.
125, note.
Massachusetts, votes polled in,
ii. 136 and sequ. Pardoning
in Massachusetts, see Paper
on Pardoning in Appendix.
Massaniello, epitaph, ii. 81.
McDowell, governor, called on to
speak beyond "one hour," i.
156, note.

Medieval Liberty, i. 63.
Medieval States, i. 59 and sequ.
Meeting, Right of peaceably, i.
145.

Michel, French advocate.

The

people never violate the con-
stitution, ii. 86.
Middle ages, conclamatory cha-
racter of them, ii. 110.
Miles, J. W., i. 51, note, ii. 83,
note.

Ministers, responsible, i. 175 and
sequ. Louis Napoleon against
them, i. 176.
Minority, Protection of, i. 163.

Protection of opposition, ibid.
Mistresses of French Kings, ii.
48.

Mitchell, British Minister in
Prussia, ii. 74.
Mittermaier. His view of penal
trial, i. 88. On difficulty of de-
fending in inquisitorial trial, i.
259, note. His Art of Defend-
ing, ibid.

Modern and Ancient States com-
pared, i. 59 and sequ. Differ-
ence between modern states,
and antiquity, ii. 61.

Monastic Orders founded on elec-

tion and constant voting, i.
309.
Mongolian View of imperatorial
sovereignty, ii. 83.
Monopolies, act of parliament
against them, i. 126.
Mormons, when they shall ask to
be admitted into Union, i.
120. "Theo-democratic" go-
vernment, i. 309.
Montesquieu. Definition of lib-
erty, i. 43. Has chiefly Eng-
land in view in his Spirit of
Laws, i. 67. His view of pe-
nal trials, i. 88. On division of
power, i. 166, note. Every
one abuses power, i. 169.
Coarseness of despotism, i.
169.

Morny, Mr. de, calls parliament-
ary government theatricals, i.
157; ii. 91. Letter to prefects
in 1852, ii. 347.
Müffling, general, on obedience
in Wellington's army, ii. 19,

note.

Mutiny Bill, in England, i. 137.

NAPOLEON'S distinction be
tween equality and liberty, i.
40.

Napoleonic Ideas, ii. 103.
National Destiny, i. 55.
National Guards, i. 143. Con-

sidered as an element of Gal-
lican liberty, i. 313.
National Independence, i. 73.
National States, i. 183. Contra-
distinguished to ancient city-
states, ii. 62.

Nationalization of Tribes, i. 64.
Natural Courts of Justice, i. 129.
See Lawful Courts.
Navy not dangerous to civil li-
berty, i. 136.

Necklace Affair in France, ii.
47.

Newman, Rev. Father, inquiry
about royal proclamation, i.
237.

market was to ancients, i. 149.
Niebuhr, i. 66. Account of In-
ternal Administration of Great
Britain, i. 352, note.
Not Proven, i. 97.
Nugent, Lord, calls the entire de-
pendence of supplies on the
commons, stoutest buttress of
the English constitution, i.
160.

OBEDIENCE to the laws in in-
stitutional self-government, ii.
17.

Oceana, ii. 31, note.
Occidental and Oriental, i. 30
and sequ., note.

Officers personally responsible
for the legality of their acts, i.
131 and sequ. Does not exist
in France, i. 132. Sheriff, i.

132.

One Hour Rule, when first esta-
blished, i. 155, note. In Athens,
ibid. Half an hour allowed
to prelates at the Council of
Trent, i. 156, note.
One House. Its danger, i. 210.
Opposition, a great institution, i.

163. History of opposition,
ibid. Mere opposition to go.
vernment is not liberty, ii. 67.
Orality, see Publicity.

Orange, House of, in Nether-
lands, ii. 72.

Oratory, the æsthetics of liberty,
i. 156.

Oregon, formation of govern-
ment in, ii. 21.
Ostracism in Athens, number of
votes polled, ii. 133.
Ouvriers, ii. 88, and note.

PALEY, definition of liberty, i.
45. View of penal law, i. 91,
note. On pardoning and pun-
ishment, ii. 151.
Palmerston, Lord, on pardoning,
and his experience, ii. 167.

199 and sequ. Parliamentary
rules of procedure, i. 204.
Evil effects of their want, i. 205.
Vallette, Cushing, Bentham on
it (see these names), i. 207.
United States constitution gives
full right to settle them, to each
house, i. 207. Law of psycho-
logical reduplication, i. 208.
Parliamentary government de-
rided in France, i. 312.
Parliamentary Liberty, see Civil
Liberty.
Pardoning, a real vetitive power,
i. 219.

It

Abuse of, ii. 144 and
sequ. What the pardoning
privilege consists in, ii. 144.
It is a real veto, ibid. So
called vetoing power in modern
times, is none, ibid., note.
Origin of pardoning power, ii.
146 and sequ. Despots divest
themselves of it, ibid. Authors
against the power, especially
Beccaria, ii. 147 and sequ.
What the ancients thought of
it, ibid. Why it is necessary,
ii. 149. Shakspeare on danger
of pardoning, ii. 150. Dan-
gers of unlimited pardoning
power, ii. 150 and sequ.
unsettles reliance on, and su-
premacy of law, ibid. It en-
dangers, ibid. It interferes
with reform of criminals, ibid.
It induces persons to meddle
with punishment, who know
nothing about it, ii. 151. It
attracts criminals and imports
crime, ibid. It makes unpar-
doned sentences unjust, ibid.
Dr. Paley's doctrine, ibid. It
saddles neighbors with crimi
nals, ii. 152. It grants arbi-
trary power, ibid. Proofs
given, ibid. De Beaumont and
de Tocqueville on pardoning
in the United States, ii. 153.
Mathew Carey on it, ii. 154.

Wholesale pardoning at this
moment, ibid., note. Instruct-
ive official paper on pardoning
in Massachusetts, ii. 155. Sta-
tistics, ibid. and sequ. Those
sentenced to severest punish-
ments stand best chance to be
pardoned, ii. 156. Pardoning
for money, ii. 155. Recent
document published by Massa-
chusetts convention, ii. 157,
note. On averages, ii. 158
and sequ. Measures proposed
to remedy abuse of pardoning,
ii. 159 and sequ.
Constitu-
tion of French republic on
pardoning, ii. 161, note. Public
attention not yet directed to it,
ii. 162, and note. Restitution
distinct from pardoning, ii.
166. Costliness of pardoning,
ii. 167. Lord Palmerston's
view and experience, ii. 167.
Pardoning in a county in Penn-
sylvania for fifteen years, ii.
168.
Paris, its influence in France, ii.
97 and sequ.
London and
Paris compared, ii. 100.
Party, government by, i. 164
and sequ.
Passow's Greek Dictionary, ad

verbum Eleutheros, i. 49, note.
Passports, i. 117.

Pastoret, on pardoning power, ii.
146.

Patience, learned by institutional

self-government, ii. 51.
Peace, Justice of, French, i. 300.
Penal Procedure, as important as
the penal law.
Penal Trial, as guarantee of
liberty, i. 87. Why so im-
portant, i. 87. Montesquieu's
views, i. 88. Mittermaier's
view, i. 88. In England long
without counsel for prisoner,
i. 89. Deficient Austrian pe-
nal trial, i. 89. In France, i.
89. What characterizes a good

penal trial, i. 91. Paley's
view of penal law, i. 91, note.
Government in France can in-
terfere with it, i. 92, note. No
one held to incriminate him-
self, i. 93. Prisoner ought not
to be asked, i. 95. Verdict
ought to be definite, i. 96. No
man tried twice, i. 97. French
penal trial, i. 240.

People, meaning of the term, i.
72. Respectable meaning of
the term in England and Unit-
ed States, ii. 44 and sequ.
Perreaus, not pardoned, ii. 151.
Persigny's, minister, estimate of
qualified voters in France, ii.
140.

Personal Liberty, i. 77.
Petition, Right of, not denied to
the creature, i. 145. Chartist's
petition, i. 144, note. An
American statesman treating
it lightly, i. 144.
Petition of Rights, entire, ii. 202.
Peuple-Roi, ii. 87.
Peuple tout-puissant, ii. 71.
Philips, conduct in defending
Courvoisier, i. 264, note.
Pitt, Wm., the younger, anecdote
related by duke of Wellington
regarding political self-reli-
ance, i. 272.

Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Par-
doning there for fifteen years,
ii. 168.

Pius IV., Pope, bull against
commentaries of the decrees of
Council of Trent, i. 224, note.
Pius IX., Pope, calls the Italian
rising a vox Dei, ii. 116.
Plato, i. 60, 61.
Plutarch, influence in French
revolution, ii. 75, note.
Plutarchism and Rosseauism, ii.
75, note.

Police, English, i. 320, note; i.
178, note.

Police Governments, i. 320, note.
Polignac, charge against him on

tions, i. 193.

Political Judges, i. 244.

Pope, his interference in the
middle ages, i. 75.

Popular Power is a reality, ii. 69.
Population, basis of representa-
tion, i. 189.

Power, Burke on it, ii. 78. Chat-
ham on the same, ibid.
Power, popular real; monarchi-
cal lent, ii. 69.
Power, prevention of its growth,
i. 179.

Precedent, i. 227. Louis Napo-
leon said to have created one
for himself, i. 229.

President of U. S. Senate, i.
201.

Presidential Election in United

States, ii. 130, and note. Pro-
portion of abstainers from vot-
ing, ii. 138.

Press Law, English of 1647, i.
113. That of Louis Napoleon,
i. 114.

Press, Liberty of. See Commu-
nion, Liberty of.
Preston, William C., Lieber's Let-
ter to him on International
Copyright, i. 113. Opinion

on Law Articles in Encyclop-
ædia Americana, i. 232, note.
Price, Dr. R., definition of liber-
ty, i. 38.

Property, i. 122 and sequ.-
French republic acknowledged
it, i. 124, note. Constitution of
United States on Property, i.
125. Judge Story and Chief-
Justice Marshall on it, i. 125,
note.

Property, basis of representation,
i. 188 and sequ. What is real-
ly meant by it, i. 190.
Propter vitam vivendi perdere
causas, i. 274.
Proudhon says that no one less
democratic than the people, ii.

72.

God? ii. 116.

Prussia, Frederic of, on multi-
tudes submitting to one, ii. 73.
See Frederic of Prussia.
Prussia, King of, on Unity of
Power, i. 168, note.
Psephisma, ii. 52.

Public Debt, English, not created
by William III., i. 161.
Public Funds, despots want the
control over it, i. 291.
Publicity, i. 149 and sequ. What
it consists in, i. 149. Evil ef-
fect of much writing, i. 150.
Public from publicus, populic-
us, i. 151. Opinion of a French
statesman on its want, i. 151.
No law insuring it in courts of
justice, i. 152. Nor that of
congress, i. 153. Nor that of
parliament, i. 153. When for
the first time officially esta-
blished, i. 154. Connection
with liberty, i. 156.
All go-
vernments hostile to liberty-
hostile to publicity, i. 157.
Despots hate it, i. 295.

QUARTERING Soldiers, i. 135

and sequ. English bill of
rights, ibid. Declaration of
Independence, i. 138.

RAIKES, Charles, notes on
Northwestern India, i. 150.
Ranke, Historian, i. 120.
Rapp, General, opinion on Napo-
leon, i. 173, note.

Raumer, Diplomacy of Europe,
ii. 74.
Rawle, on Constitution of the
United States, i. 286, note.
Reduplication, Law of physiologi-
cal, i. 208.

Reforms come from without, and
rise from below upward, i.

265.

Representative Government, i.
181 and sequ. Evolves public