of these crimes: but in the meanwhile much may be done by strengthening the Judicial Bench; by insisting on its occupants being qualified by previous methodical legal training, to grapple with the enormous difficulties which systematic perjury undoubtedly throws in their path; by taking care that the detection of the crime shall be invariably and rapidly followed by adequate punishment; and last not least, by the resolution of the Provincial Bar, never to tolerate in their clients any recourse to such vile acts as forgery, perjury, subornation of perjury, for obtaining a favourable decree.

Duties of an Advocate.

Most earnestly we invite and call upon all Bachelors of Law to ponder well upon the duties of an Advocate. Entitled as the Advocate is to a fair remuneration for his services, he should never let the acquisition of wealth be the main end or object of his actions. He should seek to compose and to restrain, not to foment and foster, the evil passions of those who consult him. His first duty to his client is, if possible, to save him from litigation. If that be impossible, then to stand fearlessly and faithfully by him from first to last. In order that he may conscientiously discharge his duty, the Advocate must know what the substantive law is, and what its shifting forms require; and hence he can never safely relax his course of legal studies. His eagerness for his client's cause must never lead him into any measure that is dishonest or dishonorable: should a client venture to suggest such measures, the Advocate may justly spurn him from his door. He is never to seek to mislead or to puzzle the Court. He is there to aid, not to embarrass the Judge; he must never mis-state a fact; and always base his arguments upon and confine them to the facts as they stand proved by the evidence. The relations between Judge and Counsel in a properly constituted Court, should be those of mutual reliance and esteem. There should neither be arrogance on the one hand, nor subservience on the other. The observation of a due deference to the Bench is perfectly compatible with the vindication of entire freedom of speech by the Bar; and while the Advocate pays all proper respect to the Bench, he should never forget, nor suffer to be forgotten, the respect that is due to himself. He is the champion of political liberty; he may be the martyr of political power; let him take heed that he never degenerates into the demagogue leader of democratic licence. Remember that he who aspires to the honors of the profession, and advancement by the State, must rest his claims at least as much on the worth of his moral character, as on the brilliancy of his reputation for intellectual achievements.

And may you all, of whatsoever degree and in whatsoever Preserve the faculty, never forget this; that the University honor of the has committed her honor to the keeping of each University. and every one of you. No one individual can be guilty of a mean or ignoble action without in some measure casting a tarnish on the lustre of his University; and it may be that hereafter, if ever you should be tempted to swerve from the broad straight path of honor and truth and duty, the recollection of this fact, even if you had no higher or better angel to turn to, may save you from peril in the hour of temptation. Temptations you must all have; that you may not fail nor quail before them is our earnest hope. The University which has accredited you with her degrees, will affectionately but scrutinously watch over your careers, now that she sends you forth from the calm halls of academic learning into the fierce struggle of the real battle of life. Her interest in you does not now cease; it has only commenced: for your association with the University dates from this day: she will hear, from time to time, with pride and pleasure of your success; and she bids you, through me, one and all, ride on in honor and prosperity.

SEVENTH CONVOCATION.
(BY E. THOMPSON, ESQ., M.A.)

Gentlemen,-Having been desired by the Chancellor to deliver at this Convocation the customary address to the Graduates, I have to ask your attention for a few minutes while I attempt to discharge the duty which has been assigned to me. I am unfortunate in having to follow the many able men and eloquent speakers who have represented the Senate on former occasions; so much has been said and so well said on various subjects more or less connected with University education, that it is difficult to say any thing new, and I shall therefore confine myself strictly to the duty prescribed by the University, that of exhorting you to conduct yourselves suitably to the position you have attained.

I have before me Graduates in Arts, in Law, and for the first time in this University, a Graduate in Civil Engineering, and it will, I think, be convenient, before making some remarks common to you all, to say a few words to each of these classes individually. To begin with the Graduates in You have before you a most honourable career indeed; I can hardly imagine a important mission than the one to which you are called.

Advice to Gra- Law. duates in Law.

more

The Native Bar and Bench have hitherto laboured under many disadvantages, and have been exposed to much unfavourable criticism. Your very presence here to-day, and the signs of academic distinction which you wear, prove that you have made considerable progress in your legal studies, and that you are bringing to the practice of your profession, knowledge and ability rarely possessed by those of your fellow-countrymen who have hitherto taken part in the administration of the law. Add then to the knowledge which you already possess patient study and careful practice, and above all, see that you add to professional ability, the strictest integrity of conduct, without which your career, however brilliant for the time, cannot fail to be attended with disgrace in the end. Recollect the promise which you have just made to maintain on all occasions the purity and reputation of the profession, and never to deviate from the straight path of its honourable exercise. But to return to the point with which I began. You know better than I can possibly know the defects and shortcomings of Native Judges and Advocates; see that you strive to the very utmost of your power to remedy these defects, to make up for these shortcomings. Recent changes in the rules of the High Court have made the possession of University distinctions a passport to practice in the highest Courts of the country; I trust that your conduct at the Bar, and, it may be, on the Bench, will be such as to enable the framers of those rules to look back upon their work with unmixed satisfaction. The example of one conspicuous and deeply lamented member of your community, showed how much could be effected even under the old system by consistent industry, modesty, and integrity; the advantages and opportunities you enjoy, far exceed his; take care that they have not been bestowed upon you in vain.

Advice to Engineers.

The career of the Civil Engineer is not less important than that of the Barrister. His labours have an immense influence upon the happiness of mankind. The want of good communications has been a serious obstacle to the material progress of this country, and well educated honest native officials may do much to remedy this want. You will probably be called upon at no distant. time to hold a responsible position in the Department of Public Works, notoriously this department has suffered greatly from the gross dishonesty of subordinates and contractors; we trust that you too will bear in mind the promises you have made to-day; that you will not only prove superior to all temptation to wrong doing yourself, but resolutely oppose and frustrate the malpractices of others.

Do not be disheartened failure.

To the Graduates in Arts, of course I have nothing so special to say as to their brethren of the other Faculties, by but I cannot pass on to my general remarks without pausing to congratulate two of their number more especially on their present success, and dwelling for a moment on the lesson which it inculcates. I have heard indeed of instances in this University of young men being so disheartened by a single failure, that they have never had the courage to try again; they have felt, it seems, a morbid sense of disgrace, and have not ventured to appear a second time in the Hall of Examination. But how much nobler it is to triumph over this feeling and to resolve to make up for past ill-success by continued industry and perseverance-that this determination may be crowned by success in the end, you have a proof to-day, and I trust that those who were unfortunate enough to fail in the recent examination will be animated by your success, and in their turn come to be numbered among the Graduates of the University.

The secret

success.

And now, gentlemen, addressing you all and congratulating you upon the distinctions you have attained, of Englishmen's the question naturally arises, What is expected from you? The University has tested your abilities, has set as it were her seal upon you, and now sends you forth, as sterling coin, fresh from her mint. What then does she expect from you? that you will acquit yourselves like men, that you will do your duty. Some unmerited praise no doubt is attributed to Englishmen by themselves, and some unmerited blame perhaps cast upon them by others, but this much, I think, I can assert without fear of contradiction, that Englishmen are animated above other nations by a pervading sense of duty; and a glorious result it will be of England's mission in the East, if she succeeds in any degree in impressing upon the minds of the countless millions of this land, over whom she has been called to bear rule, some portion of the feeling which animates her sons. It is this consciousness, that in any circumstances he is expected to do his duty, that nerves the Englishman in the hour of trial; it is this that has so often carried him along the road that leads to victory, it is this that has consoled him as often under the certainty of danger and death. This last sacrifice to duty, it is very improbable that you or any of us here to-day will ever be called upon to make; but you will and must be called upon, over and over again, to make to duty sacrifices of inclination, of pleasure, or of profit. And who will undertake to say that this obligation is an easy one at all times to fulfil? There are however other ways and other senses in which you are expected to do your duty, and it is to

Duty to the State.

Duty to our fellow-country

men.

these that I wish more particularly to call your attention. For instance, there is a duty which you owe to the State. Every citizen of a State is bound to yield a willing and cheerful obedience to the law, and to support, as far as in him lies, the cause of order and good government. And surely this obligation, incumbent as it is upon all, is more especially incumbent on those citizens, who like yourselves have received a superior education. You ought to be above the prejudices and passions which hold unlimited sway over the minds of the masses; a calmer judgment, a more intelligent obedience will surely be expected, and, I trust, found in you. But there is another point connected with this duty to the State, which concerns most of you very nearly. I do not wish to dwell much upon it, but I think it well briefly to allude to it. Most of you I believe have at an important period of your life received what may really be called a State education, and to this education, utilized by your own industry, you owe your present position. You have received then a great benefit, will you not strive to make some adequate return? And this brings me by an easy transition to another class of duties. I mean your duties to your fellowcountrymen. For you can hardly show your sense of the advantages you have derived from the liberality of the State in a better way than by endeavouring to enlighten the community to which you belong. There are many ways in which you may do this, but a single instance will suffice for the present. It often occurs that the best intentions of Government, the best plans devised by it solely and purely for the good of the people, are misunderstood and misrepresented. You and such as you, can, I think, do much to prevent this; you know well enough the utter groundlessness of the belief popularly entertained from time to time upon such matters, and if each of you in his own sphere were to endeavour to combat these delusions and to place in their proper light the acts of the Government, I feel assured that much immediate and permanent good would be the result. Again, to speak of the subject so proper to this particular time and place, Education-ought not you who have made some progress in knowledge, who have at least learned enough to long ardently to know more, and to wish that others should have the same tastes and aspirations; ought not you I say to endeavour to the very utmost of your power to spread among your people the blessings you yourselves so highly appreciate. Some of you have already devoted yourselves, or are immediately about to do so, to the task of spreading education directly, by becoming