Interpret between the rulers and the ruled.

example, you can urge upon the ryot the advantage of abandoning his primitive tools for those modern improvements which are now placed within his reach, and of carrying out scientific suggestions as to rotation of crops and dressing the soil; you can explain the object of sanitary regulations and the importance of obeying them; the necessity of precaution against infectious diseases; the benefits of vaccination; the advantages of resorting to the hospital when sick, especially in cases of epidemic. You can interpret between those who make the law and those who have to obey the law. Education and contact with educated minds enable you to understand matters which are a mystery to others not having your opportunities, and which as a mystery are feared. You must lull to rest those suspicions which the uneducated ever feel when something new and unfamiliar is proposed. You must carry that lamp of learning of which we spoke into the caves of superstition and ignorance, casting its beams into every cranny and crevice, and show to the peoples that the grim shapes which terrify them so much are nought but phantoms of their own imagining, things of darkness that fade away on the approach of light.

And while thus correcting misapprehension and error in others, do not fall into like error yourselves. Reflect that though matters which seem an enigma to the villager are by reason of education simple to you, there may yet be other matters beyond your grasp also. Therefore when some policy of Government runs counter to your wishes and ideas, pause before ascribing illiberal motives. You may see one side of a subject quite clearly and think you have mastered it; yet there may be other sides entirely hidden from your eye of which you dream not. Be cautious therefore in assuming a measure to be wrong because you can see no good in it, or right because you can see no harm in it. Do not fall into the dangerous mistake of looking with suspicion on the motives of people who hold opinions contrary to your own. Here again you suffer from bad advisers. From platform and magazine self-dubbed "friends of India" encourage you to ask for this or that concession, and to think yourselves ill-used if it is not immediately granted. But these persons are not your true friends. Seek your true friends rather among those who have proved their friendship by heaping on you material benefits and privileges, and when you feel inclined to murmur at a refusal to accept your views turn as a corrective to a consideration of what you already enjoy. Think of your material benefits-call up the India of a hundred years back, a hotbed of picturesque insanitation, the absence of communications,

the constant wars, the gangs of freebooters, dacoits, thugs, the insecurity of life and property, the unchecked sweeping away of millions by pestilence and famine, in a word the state of danger, misery and discomfort, and then look upon the present. It is as though the good genius from one of your own Eastern tales had spread his wings over the land. Then think of your privileges, you can follow any religion, you can practise any profession, you can acquire any property, you can publish your opinions on any subject, you can dwell where you please, come and go as you like, in a word shape your lives exactly as seems good to you, without let or hindrance. Is this nothing? Is this a small thing? How long have Englishmen in England enjoyed such privileges, how many nations in Europe enjoy such privileges now? These things you have not bought. They have been given you. You have paid nothing for them. Aye, but they have been bought and paid for by others, and would you know the price? Ask it of history. The blood that has enriched a hundred battle-fields, the heads that have fallen low upon a thousand scaffolds, the smoke that has made murky the heavens from countless martyr pyres, this is the price paid by England for that which she has given you freely, fully, ungrudgingly. Trust then and be patient: all fitting things will come in fitting time. Trust the mother who has done so much for you, that she may do more and yet more: be patient that she may do it in due season, not with the ill-considered haste which breeds disaster. Trust and be patient. And if you and your fellows throughout this mighty land thus live as individuals doing your work honestly, thoroughly, as citizens respecting your neighbours, as subjects co-operating with and having confidence in the State, then there need be no misgiving as to the future of India. Then may we lift up a corner of the curtain that hides the great Shall-Be and look without fear on what lies beyond. There may the eye see that which shall make glad the heart. For the keen intellect of the East welded with the sturdy self-reliance and energy of the West shall together result in an Indian Empire indeed an Indian Empire complete, one whole, flawless: an Indian Empire beyond the wildest dreams of a Darius, beyond the wildest hopes of an Akbar: an Indian Empire proof against traitor within and foe without an Indian Empire ready and able to take her stand, shoulder to shoulder with her sisters of the great Anglo-Saxon federation, rockfirm against all comers, foursquare against the world.

:

THIRTY-SECOND CONVOCATION.

(BY D. SINCLAIR, Esq., M.A.)

Graduates of the Year,-In accordance with the Bye-Laws of the University an address has now to be delivered to you by a member of the Senate exhorting you to conduct yourselves suitably unto the position to which by the degrees conferred upon you you have attained, and His Excellency the Chancellor has conferred on me the honour of discharging this duty to-day.

You have all of you for some years now been travelling along a straight and well-defined road, your intellectual horizon somewhat narrowed by text-books and syllabuses, and sometimes I fear clouded by notes and annotations, compilations and compendiums; but though often brain-weary, often heart-heavy sometimes to some of you as I know, having the utmost difficulty in providing yourselves with the ordinary necessaries of life, you have struggled manfully on, and the end of this road you have reached to-day. In the name of the Senate I most heartily congratulate you. But you will have already discovered that this road along which you have been travelling, has but led you into an open country--the world; that you must still go on on life's journey, and as there may be in front of you pitfalls into which you may stumble, obstacles you will have to overcome, rivers you may have to wade through, hills you will have to climb, it is becoming that your Alma Mater, now that you are no longer to be under her immediate fostering care, should, in wishing you Godspeed, tender to you words of encouragement and counsel, it may be also of warning.

guage.

Fortunate have you been when compared with the great masses of your countrymen. Knowledge you have Value of acquired of which they can form but little concepknowledge of tion. Your acquaintance with the English lanthe English Language has opened to you the treasury of English literature and the loftiest and noblest thoughts of England's greatest sons have become known to you. Her storehouse of science has been unlocked for you and you have been taught and shown how to use the forces of nature for the relief and benefit of your fellow-countrymen. Through the English language you have learned something of the human race, how nations have risen to the highest eminence and the causes that led to their downfall. You have made the acquaintance of the heroes of the world, a Leonidas and a Washington,

Whose every battle-field is holy ground.

Which breathes of nations saved, not worlds undone, and of others whose careers though less brilliant were no less noble, a Hampden and a Wilberforce, names that will be held in grateful remembrance by a hundred generations. All this and much more you have learned, and under the personal influance and guidance of your professors you will have been able to draw from it the lessons therein taught. These will have elevated you morally as well as intellectually, stirred up within you new and loftier aspirations, a stronger longing after truth and goodness, a desire to follow after right because it is right and loathing of every thing that savours of the nature of mere selfishness. For unless he can erect himself above himself,

Demonstrate what you have learnt in your lives.

How poor a thing is man!

Such being the lessons you have learned and the principles by which you are to be guided, it will be for you to walk up to them and demonstrate them in your lives. Never have you been regarded with a more critical eye than now. Never perhaps with more suspicion. Prove by your unspotted lives, by your devotion to duty, by your unimpeachable integrity, your unquestioned honesty and your unflinching truthfulness, that the training and culture you have received have elevated and ennobled your natures, made you better men and better citizens, and thus your Alma Mater is doing the great work for which she was called into existence, a work that as time goes on will be seen more and more to be for the highest good of this great and historic laud.

Be students through life.

Students you have been, some of you perhaps at first with the sole object of being in the laudable position you occupy to-day. But your studies will have been of little avail, if they have not awakened within you a desire to pursue your search after knowledge and truth for its own sake, to learn and understand the thoughts and modes of action of the great of past ages, to make yourselves familiar with the current speculation of your own day, and to gather from them what your well-trained minds will readily turn to advantage for yourselves and your countrymen. Those of you who have selected Medicine or Engineering as your professions will have to remain students for life. Science advances with rapid strides. It will only be by continuous and steady application you will be able to keep pace with it. Not to keep pace with it is to fall behind, to become inefficient practitioners in the professions you have adopted. You will, therefore, make yourselves acquainted with what the giants in your profession

are doing, the discoveries they are making, the inventions they are introducing. But, while all of you will make a thorough acquaintance with your own profession or work, whatever it may be, your first duty, you will have many hours of leisure in which to use your knowlege for the benefit of the community amongst which you may be placed. You have received a liberal education. You know its value. You will know it still more. Do what in you lies to give to the masses of your countrymen that which you yourselves have so freely received, and, wherever you may be placed, be each of you a centre of light, illuminating and revivifying all around you. Government has done much, and no doubt will continue to do much, to promote education; but it is on you, on those who have received it in its highest forms, that will largely rest the responsibility of raising the intellectual as well as the moral condition of your country. Educate the masses. Stimulate the desire for education whereever it exists, where there is no such desire strive to create it. Without education you never will have national life, never become a great people influencing for good the history of the world.

Educate the masses.

Educate your

women.

You have received a liberal education yourselves. Give it to your women. Much has been done in this respect during the past twenty years, and all honor to those who have led the way. But much remains to be done. It is but the veriest fraction of the females of this country, that are under instruction. Further by your example this good work. Use your utmost influence to extend it. And as for generations, perhaps, the national sentiment is likely to insist on girls leaving school at an early age, a great opportunity is provided for you to supply them after leaving school with a healthy literature in their own language. I am glad to see one of the members of the Senate devoting the leisure of a ripe age to this most commendable work. Do you take it up. The education and training you have received pre-eminently fit you for it. Apply yourselves to it. Provide a vernacular literature of interesting and useful knowledge-a literature of romance too, if you will, breathing a lofty moral spirit-a literature that will brighten what might otherwise be many a weary listless hour, that will raise your women intellectually, and make them more and more true companions for you as wives-companions able to understand your labours and sympathize with you in them, and by their sure instincts help you in your difficulties. Those of you who have made Science a special study will have many opportunities of using your knowledge for the benefit of