literature of the West, it must be through the medium of educated Hindoos, All that we can do is to form here and there certain large reservoirs of the waters of knowledge; but you, and such as you, must be the channels to convey its fertilizing streams, far and wide, over the dry and thirsty land. What a noble and beneficent course lies then before you. It is quite allowable that you should find gratification in the distinction conferred upon you this day, and that you should regale yourselves in the walks of literature to which you have been introduced; but you will fall altogether short of the true object of the one and of the happiness of the other, if your aims and your desires terminate in self. Regarding then, your Degree as the starting point of a career of distinction and usefulness yet to be run, go forth upon the errand on which we now send you, and learn by actual experience the luxury of doing good, how much more blessed it is to give than to receive.

Advice to Bachelors of Laws.

Upon you who have attained the degree of Bachelor of Laws, I would impress the momentous character of the promise specifically made by you. You have pledged yourselves faithfully and carefully to fulfil the duties of your profession, on all occasions to maintain its purity and reputation, and never to deviate from the straight path of its honourable exercise by making your knowledge subservient to unworthy ends. Act out this promise, and the University will have no reason but to rejoice in any success you may attain. attain. It is well known that peculiar temptations assail a Lawyer, and he must be a man of strong moral purpose and principle, who can put those temptations away from him. To advert to one instance only in illustration. The defence of a criminal may devolve upon you; you may become aware that he is guilty of the offence with which he is charged, you are not bound, therefore, to abandon his defence; on the contrary it is your duty to afford him the aid which the Law recognises and sanctions; but you are bound, even though you might thereby save his life, not to employ any false or unworthy artifice, such as asserting your own conviction of his innocence or diverting suspicion to another person. Such artifices have too often been employed. The temptation to use them may be strong, but you must arın yourselves with vigorous and manly principle to resist it. Shun, as injurious to others and degrading to yourself, all unworthy, tricky, pettifogging action, and by the purity and straightforwardness of your own practice, rebuke and discountenance such action in others. We send you forth into the arena of your profession to be champions of truth and equity

and righteousness; and, as to the Knight of old, when the Herald handed him his spear, so to you we present your diploma with a charge to be valiant for the truth, and God defend the right.

and

God.

Finally, gentlemen, I venture to say to you one and all, have Acknowledge respect in all your doings to the Great Supreme. I Respect am aware that, on many important points, most of you hold not the same creed with myself; but I have not had intercourse for so many years with intelligent Hindoos, without knowing that with myself they acknowledge a God, allwise, all-powerful, all-good, knowing all things, seeing all things. I appeal to you, then, as recognising a Supreme Being, and in His name charge you to eschew evil, to love virtue, and to seek the good of your fellow-men. For this end may strength and wisdom be imparted to you; may the study of truth lead you into all truth; may the blessing which maketh rich and addeth no sorrow rest abundantly upon you and your occupations. And, as the morning star, having brightly shone in darkness, then disappears not in darkness, but only in the still brighter effulgence of the rising sun, so may you shine as lights in your generation, and at the end of your course be withdrawn into the brightness of the Fountain and Father of Lights, even that adorable and Great Supreme, whom truly to know and faithfully to serve is present peace and everlasting happiness.

FIFTH CONVOCATION.

(BY REV. R. HALLEY, M.A.)

Gentlemen,-By the regulations of our University, at this stage of to-day's procedure, it becomes the duty of a member of the Senate to exhort you to conduct yourselves suitably unto the position to which by the degree conferred upon you, you have attained. This duty by order of the Vice-Chancellor devolves upon me, and in the name of this University I call upon you at all times so to act, that your good name may add lustre to your degrees; that in the consistency of your life, the purity of your motives, the exaltation of your aims and the devotedness of your patriotism, it may be seen that the cultivation of sound learning is a spring of lofty action; and that you may repay the fostering care with which you have yourselves been nurtured, by continuing "to support and promote the cause of morality and sound learning' in this Presidency.

You, as amongst the earlier graduates of this University, will doubtless have great influence upon your countrymen for good or evil; they will look to you for the fruits of Western learning, and by your lives will they judge of its results. Your literary exertions have been rewarded this day by your admission to a University degree, but remember that with this new position you have incurred new responsibilities-not only in the promise and declaration you have made, but in the fact that you have received, as a trust, the setting forth before the world's eye in your own persons the advantages of a liberal education.

What the University offers.

In times gone by the treasures of the East were carried towards the West in so great profusion that Eastern wealth became proverbial; but as the merchant sends forth his ship from port laden with a rich cargo, in faith that she shall cross the seas and traverse them again and enter once more the port bringing higher freight to repay him for his lengthened waiting, so now the day has come, when, your waiting being ended, your vessel has returned to port, and the treasures of the West are laid at your feet. We offer to you, as we think, a literature unsurpassed in the world's history for extent, variety, and elevated thought; science, mental, moral and physical, true, because it is derived from a careful induction of facts and phenomena, subjective and objective, and is not the crude invention of mere theorists; art, refined and elevated, because it is the truthful expression of conceptions gained from nature, rather than the grotesque fancies of a distorted imagination. This is our merchandise; your position here to-day bears witness that you have tested its value, and we call upon you still to buy the truth and sell it not.

I say the truth rather than knowledge, for knowledge is but the instrument, truth is the object to be sought. It is not enough to know the theories of men; you must carefully test them and examine for yourselves, separating the wheaten grain of truth from the chaff of doubtful speculations. You must try and gain something worth believing and cherishing, something that you can weave into the texture of your own mental being, and something that you can hold by in practice, as a guide in action-a power within you.

The title you now assume suggests a figure. Borrowed from chivalry, it speaks to you of loyalty and honour. You are the bachelors, you have come to the age of manhood, and, after refined investigation, have been deemed worthy, and have been this day

The title-a comparison.

invested with manly arms. You have yet to win in the field the full honours of the Knight banneret, but now you are no longer squires, as knights you must conduct yourselves. Go forth to the tournament, let knowledge be your spear, but let truth be your mistress-she sits, the Queen of the Fair, to watch the day, and from her hands shall you receive the prize of the valiant. Wearing her favours, what a motive to the knightly virtues! And the first of them is loyalty. Be loyal to her whom you have chosen, for her do battle, whoever may oppose-whatever your object, you cannot deprave the truth.

error.

the

Arrayed in the lists are the champions of Error-she preAntiquity, sumes to sit in rivalry with Truth-she! with her champion of brazen face, shaking her gaudy ribbons! And who are her champions? There is grey-haired Antiquity, who in many lists has unhorsed the champions of Truth; whilst he deals his hardest blows, he will recount for your dismay his victories of old, and if the battle goes hard with him, he will cease his vauntings, and will appeal to your knightly magnanimity, reminding you that he was the friend of your fathers. Spare him if he will leave the lists, but so long as he is in arms for her rival, you must not, you dare not be disloyal to the Truth. He may taunt you as striplings, he may ridicule your mistress, he may laugh at your juvenile enthusiasm; but the day is yours, if you are stout of heart-before your weapon, knowledge, he cannot stand.

pions of Error.

But side by side with Antiquity, yet strangely contrasted, are champions of Error, your equals in years. They Other cham- are the sons of Pride, dubbed knights on the same day with yourselves, they have grown up in your company, and will prove loyal to error, as long as you leave them unslain. Unhorse them to-day, they will utter their defiance tomorrow; with them it must be war to the death. They are Crude Speculation, Juvenile Conceit, Dogmatism and Presumption. They hate the Truth with utter hatred, for they have tested her scorn. They would have sworn themselves hers, but she rejected them with disdain. And now they have taken their place as Error's knights-bachelors. Their sinister countenances are wellconcealed, as in full armour they stand, fair to the eye of the inexperienced. With dazzling brilliance they advance, their plumes are bright, their devices gay, their lances sparkle in the sun; but though stalwart their form and gallant their bearing, make no friendship with them; they are sons of Pride, and like their father, they hate the truth, they have embittered hearts;

slay them outright, or they will never cease troubling you; yield to them but a foot and you wound and grieve the Truth. But I cannot describe all the champions of Error, they stand opposed, you can see them well, Custom, Influence, Profit and a host less known, all range themselves on Error's side.

Truth.

But Truth calls on you to join her followers and to take up arms in company with Sobriety of Thought, CareAdherents of fulness of Investigation, Simplicity, Humility, Docility and Virtue, to show your loyalty and love for her. She claims your affection, as well as your arms; she must be mistress of the heart, as well as of the hand. If there be not love towards her in the heart, you but insult her when you take up her colours, and your wages shall be her scorn.

But if valour and loyalty for the Truth are the first of the knightly virtues, assuredly they are not all. I Courtesy. remind you that the next of them is Courtesy. If combat must be-if Truth's good name and Truth's wide sway can only be maintained by constant fighting, still towards even your bitterest foe, you must not forget that courtesy is demanded of one of your degree; you cannot descend into menials' hall and join in the squabbles of the retainers. With dignity and courtesy you must lead your own, choosing only to answer to the challenge of knights; and though you deal hard blows, you must neither trample on a wounded foe, nor forget the respect which is due to a worthy opponent. But out of the battle-field or of the tournament, to all you must exercise chivalrous courtesy, bearing yourselves as true knights with deference to your elders, with respect to your equals, with good-will and kindness towards the younger. And the courtesy of the true knight called forth his valour not only for his mistress, but to aid any who were in danger. So must it be yours, though Truth be your mistress, to step forward and save from harm, when any of the fair are in danger in your presence.

tues.

You must never shrink from breaking a lance in behalf of Patience, and Temperance and Charity, and Purity, Other Vir- and Philanthropy. If these be wounded or injured before your eyes, much more if their trust be from yourselves, Truth will be shamed, for you will lack the courtesy of her knights.

Munificence.

But there is also required of the true bachelor, that he should show munificence. This virtue you are called upon to exercise. With knowledge as your weapon, you will spoil many foes; yet your gains must not be