ing the year. There were 141 select and private schools, with an average attendance of 4,632 pupils, and 3 incorporated academies. The total valuation of school-houses is $637,050.72. The highest valuation of any school-house is $14,000, and the lowest $0.01. A Normal department, for the instruction of teachers, is established in the State University.

FINANCES.

Total receipts for the year ending December 31, 1856, including balance,
Total expenditures during the same period,

Balance in the Treasury, January 1, 1857,

The State debt is $ 100,000; annual interest, 8 per cent thereon, $ 8,000.

Chief Sources of Revenue.

General Fund, including State taxes, Bank taxes, Judiciary

fund, and hawkers' and ped

lers' licenses, School Fund,

School Fund income,
University Fund,

Banks. -For the condition of

$785,330.88 708.272 35 $77,058.53

$338,653.59 School Fund,

88,090.23 School Fund income,

147,754.56 University Fund and income, .
19,742.52 Swamp land and Deposit Funds,

16,085.58

$349,350.45

127,138.41

148,882 59

23,515.69

1,997.76

the banks in Wisconsin, January, 1857, see ante, p. 221.

Taxable Property in 1856. - Acres of land, 11,891,920, assessed value, $38,263,980; value of village and city lots, $10,423,839; personal property, $5,524,455; aggregate assessed value, $51,217,202; total equalized value, $150,000,000, on which the State tax, of 2 mills, amounted to $300,000.

Population by the State Census of 1855. —For details of the State Census of 1855, see the American Almanac for 1857, page 336.

Thos. II. Williams, of El Dorado Co., Attorney-General,
Horace A. Higley, of Nevada Co., Surveyor-General,
Andrew J. Madder,

W. E. P. Hartwell,
Wm. C. Kibbe,
John O'Meara,

of San Francisco, Sup't of Pub. Instruc., Jan. 1859, 3,500 of Monterey, Translator,

Fees.

of Calaveras Co., Adj. and Q.M. Gen., April, 1858, 2,000 of San Francisco, State Printer, Jan. 1860, Fees.

*The question of calling a convention to form a new Constitution was submitted to the people in September, 1857. The vote was 30,226 for the convention, and 17,680 against it.

† Sco California State Register for 1857.

J. W. Mandeville was elected Comptroller, but resigned on being appointed United States Surveyor. Governor Weller can fill the vacancy. His appointee will hold office until the next State election in September, 1858.

The Secretary of State is appointed by the Governor. The Comptroller, Treasurer, Attorney-General and Surveyor-General, and State Printer, are elected by the people for two years. The sessions of the Legislature are annual. The pay of the members is $10 per day for the first 90 days, and afterwards $5 a day and mileage,— $4 for every 20 miles of travel to the Capitol.

Supreme Court.

The Supreme Court consists of a chief justice and two associate justices. It has appellate jurisdiction where the matter in dispute exceeds $ 200, and where the legality of certain acts is questioned, and in certain criminal cases. The justices are elected by the people for six years, and are so classified that one goes out of office every two years. The senior judge in office is the chief justice.

David J. Terry, of Sacramento,
Peter H. Burnett, of San José,
Stephen J. Field, of Marysville,
Bernard C. Whitman, of Benicia,

Term expires.

Chief Justice, Jan., 1860,
Assoc. Justice, Jan., 1862,

Salary.

$8,000

6,000

Charles S. Fairfax, of Marysville,

San José,

1. Benjamin Hays,

2. Joaquin Carillo,

3. Craven P. Hester,

$3,000 9. W. D. Daingerfield, Shasta,

San Luis Obispo, 3,000 10. Wm. T. Barbour,

6,000

Marysville,

6,000

The District Courts have jurisdiction in law and equity, where the amount lispute, exclusive of interest, exceeds $200. The judges are chosen by the people for six years. A county judge is elected in each county for four years, to act as judge of probate, to hold the County Court, and with two justices of the peace to hold Courts of Sessions for criminal business. Clerks of courts, district attorneys, sheriffs, coroners, &c. are elected by the people. Superior Court of San Francisco. This Court was abolished in 1857. Finances.-The total debt of the State, January 1, 1857, was $4,128,927.31, of which $218,020.91 is balance of war debt not assumed by the United States. The items of the debt are 3 per cents and interest, $6,889.95; 7 per cents due in 1860, $ 150,000; 7 per cents due in 1870, $2,039,600; 7 per cents due in 1875, $984,000; due school fund, $464,000; temporary indebtedness over available means, $216,417.45. There was, besides, a county indebtedness of $2,365,260, and a debt of the cities of $5,668,903. Total state, county, and municipal indebtedness, $ 12,163,090.31. The question of the payment or repudiation of the

*The terms of these judges expire in January, 1859, except that the term of the judge of the 12th district ends in 1861, and that of the 13th, 14th, and 15th, ends in 1862. The salaries have been reduced, the reduction to take effect at the end of the term of the present incumbents.

State debt was submitted to the people at the State election in September, 1857. The vote was 57,661 to pay the debt, and 16,970 for repudiation.

The receipts for the year ending June 30, 1856, were $723,259.83; expenditures for the same period, $1,363,634.81; excess of expenditures, $645,394.98. The chief sources of income are taxes. They are, for State purposes, 70 cents on each $ 100 of the assessed value of the taxable property. The returned amount of taxable property assessed for 1856 in 29 counties was, -real estate, $ 65,129,761 ; personal property, $ 29,877,680; total, $ 95,007,441. The official estimate of the value of the taxable property in the 13 counties not making returns, added to the above, would give $125,000,000 as the assessed value of the taxable property of the State in 1856. The principal items of expenditure for the year ending June 30, 1856, were, - Executive, $114,080; Judiciary, $105,115; Legislature, $293,412; Schools, $52,255; Hospitals, $141,161; State Prison, $ 370,174; Printing, $171,778. The total shipments of gold from San Francisco from April 11, 1849, to Dec. 31, 1856, inclusive, were $ 322,393,856.

Common Schools. - The 500,000 acres of internal improvement lands granted by Congress are by the Constitution devoted to schools. Of these lands 233,000 acres had been sold Jan. 1, 1857, and the proceeds, $466,000, converted into 7 per cent bonds, the interest on which is credited semiannually to the School Fund. One fourth of the money from poll. taxes, and all escheated estates, go to the School Fund. It is estimated that the 16,836 sections given by Congress for schools will amount to 6,000,000 acres. Counties may levy special taxes for school purposes. By the Constitution common schools must be taught in each district, at least three months in each year. There is a Board of Education, consisting of the Governor, the Superintendent of Public Instruction, and the Surveyor-General. The returns for 1856, from all but 4 counties, show 322 districts; 417 teachers; 29,628 children between 4 and 14 years of age; average attendance, 8,321; State fund apportioned, $87,749 50; county funds expended, $ 68,962 29; expended for libraries, $741.39.

State Prison, San Quentin, Marin County, 12 miles north of San Francisco. James M. Estell, Lessee. Number of convicts, Jan. 27, 1856, 475. The prison grounds and property, and the labor of the convicts, are let for a term of five years.

Insane Asylum, Stockton.- Established in 1853. Number of patients Dec. 31, 1856, 172, 142 males and 30 females.

United States Marine Hospital, San Francisco. During the year 1856, 1,386 patients were received, 1,315 discharged, and 48 died.

During the session of 1856-57 the Legislative Assembly of Oregon passed an act to ascertain the wishes of the people in regard to the formation of a State government. In June, 1857, the question was submitted to the people, and the vote was 7,617 for a Convention,

and 1,679 against one, and delegates to the Convention were chosen at the same time. The Convention met at Salem, August 17, 1857, and adjourned September 18, 1857, after having prepared a Constitution to be submitted to the people for ratification, November 9, 1857. The questions of slavery and free negroes in Oregon are to be voted upon at the same time. If the Constitution is ratified, provision is made for the election of a State government and Representatives in Congress, June 7, 1858, and for the meeting and organization of the State government, July 5, 1858; the Territorial laws and officers to continue in authority until otherwise provided by the State authorities.

XXXIII. MINNESOTA TERRITORY.
Area, 141,839 sq. m. Estimated Population, 1856, 160,000.

SAMUEL MEDARY,

Joseph Travis Rosser,

William H. Welch,
Charles E. Flandrau,;
R. R. Nelson,
Eugene M. Wilson,
William B. Gere,

of St. Paul, Governor,

"6 Secretary,

JUDICIARY.

of Redwing,

Term ends. Salary.

of Traverse de Sioux, Associate Justice,

of St. Paul,

of Winona,

of Chatfield,

Attorney,
Marshal,

Fees and 200

For the act of Congress authorizing Minnesota to form a State government, see ante, p. 139. The area given above is from federal authority, and includes the whole of what was Minnesota prior to the passage of said act. In pursuance of that act, members were elected to the Constitutional Convention; the Convention assembled and prepared a Constitution, which was submitted to the people, November, 1857, and a State government elected at the same time. It is said that Henry H. Sibley is elected Governor, and that James Shields and Henry M. Rice are chosen United States Senators.

Fees and 200

John M. Hockaday,

P. K. Dotson, of Salt Lake City, Marshal,

An official statement, published in the Deseret News, at Salt Lake City, in 1856, gives the following statistics of Mormonism. The Mormons have about 95 missionaries in Europe, and an equal number in Asia, Africa, and the Pacific isles, besides large numbers of native elders in the various fields of labor, and a considerable number scattered throughout the United States and British America. They have one newspaper in Salt Lake City, issuing 4,000 copies weekly; one in Liverpool, issuing 22,000 weekly; one in Swansea, South Wales; one in Copenhagen, in the Danish language; one in Australia; one in India; and one in Switzerland, in the French language. The Book of Mormon has been translated and published in the Welsh, Danish, French, German, and Italian languages. The statement claims that there are 480,000 members of the church scattered over the world.

WILLIAM A. RICHARDSON, of Omaha City, Governor,
Thomas B. Cuming,

JUDICIARY.

Term ends. Salary.

1861, $2,500

"" Secretary,

2,000

Augustus Hall, of Omaha City, Chief Justice,

* Robert J. Walker resigned the office of Governor, December 15, 1857.