326 females. Discharged during the year, 236; remaining Nov. 30, 1856, 461, 231 males and 230 females. Of those discharged, 100 were recovered, 33 were improved, 65 unim proved. 8 were not insane, and 30 died. Total admissions since asylum was opened, January 16, 1843, 4,830. Discharged, 4,369, of whom 2,017 were recovered, 743 improved, 1,012 unimproved, and 573 died, and 24 were not insane. There are accommodations at this Asylum, at the New York City Asylum, at the Asylum at Flatbush, and at Bloomingdale, for nearly 1,360 insane, which leaves nearly one half of the insane unprovided for. Pauperism. - Paupers relieved or supported during the year ending Dec. 1, 1856, except in the County of Albany, from which there were no returns, 179,040; of which there were county paupers, 71,153; town paupers, 15,145; temporarily relieved, 138,146; number received into poorhouses, 31,810. Of those supported or relieved, 2,229 were lunatics, 559 idiots, and 43 mutes. 754 paupers were born in the poorhouses during the year, and 2,125 died. Number in poorhouses, Dec. 1, 1856, 11,142, of whom 5,829 were males and 5,313 females. 3,051 children under 16 years were taught in poorhouses about 6.166 months each. Of those relieved or supported during the year, there were reported 69,132 males and 93,010 females. 113,921 were natives of the United States, and 98,192 were foreigners. The total poorhouse expenses were $1,353,439.20; do. of temporary relief, $413,393.65; total expenses, $1,766,832.85. Value of labor of paupers, $26,753.29. Average expense of each pauper beyond earnings per week, 72 cents. Almshouse Department of the City of New York. The American Almanac for 1857, page 266, gives the expenses of the several institutions composing this department for the year 1855, the average number of inmates therein, and the average daily expense of each inmate. Western House of Refuge, Rochester, New York, Samuel S. Wood, Superintendent. This institution was opened August 11th, 1819, and the completed buildings accommodate 360 inmates, besides the officers, &c. From August, 1849, to January 1, 1857, there had been received 779 boys. Number remaining January 1, 1857, 323; 162 were received during the year; average age, nearly 13; 52 were Americans, 103 foreigners, and 7 colored. 115 were committed for petit larceny, 5 for grand larceny, 15 for burglary, 26 for vagrancy. Of those who left during the year, 67 were indentured, 44 discharged to parents and guardians, 2 died, and 14 escaped. The boys work seven hours a day, and are at school three and a half hours. The expenses for the year were $26,656.81. Asylum for Idiots, Syracuse, New York, Dr. H. B. Wilbur, Superintendent. -This institution was opened at Albany, in October, 1851, and was removed to Syracuse in August, 1855. There were in the institution, Dec. 1, 1856, 100 pupils, the larger number of whom were State beneficiaries. Children between the ages of 7 and 14, so deficient in intelligence as to be incapable of being educated at any ordinary school, and who are not epileptic, insane, or greatly deformed, may be admitted. Applications on behalf of others are acted on by the trustees. All pupils are received for a month on trial. Statistics of Crime. The American Almanac for 1856, page 270, gives the statistics of the convictions in Courts of Record for the 25 years from 1830 to 1854 inclusive. The Almanac for 1857, page 266, gives them for 1855. No later returns are received. Census of 1855. The complete returns of the census of 1855 have been with great skill and caro digested, tabulated, and printed in an elegant volume, under the direction of the Secretary of State, by Dr. Franklin B. Hough, Superintendent of the Census. This volume is well deserving the attention of those who may be hereafter engaged in taking any census, or in the preparation of census returns. By this census the total population of the State is 3,466,212: white males 1,706,273, females 1,714,653; colored males 21,377, females 23,909. There were 2,082,618 single persons, 1,253,015 married, 35,397 widowers, 95,182 widows. Number of voters, €52,322, of whom 516,745 (14.90 per cent) were native, and 135,577 (or 3.91 per cent) naturalized. Number of aliens, 632,746, being 18.54 per cent of the total population. There were 361,013 (10.41 per cent) owners of land. 96,489 (2.78 per cent) could not read or write; 46,070 (1.32 per cent) could read but not write. There were under 10 years of age 436,550 males and 429,450 females; 10 years and under 20, 359,308 males and 374,179 females; 20 years and under 50, 744,751 males and 751,686 females; 50 years and under 80, 177,272 males and 172,587 females; 80 years and under 90, 5,919 males and 6,339 females; 90 years and under 100, 702 males and 847 females; 100 years and upwards, 41 males and 50 females. 2,222,321 were natives of New York; 5,818 of Me.; 14,941 of N. H.; 54,266 of Vt.; 57,086 of Mass.; 11,737 of R. I.; 63,691 of Ct. ; 40,391 of N. J. ; 31,472 of Pa.; 224 of Del. ; 2,568 of Md.; 2,158 of Va.; 2,955 of other Southern States; 5,256 of Ohio; 7,657 of other Western States and Territories; total of United States, 2,528,444. 47,842 were natives of Canada; 766 of New Brunswick; 1,602 of Nova Scotia; 398 of Newfoundland; 102,286 of England; 469,753 of Ireland; 27,523 of Scotland; 8,557 of Wales; 218,997 of Germany; 4,214 of Holland; 6,352 of Prussia; 3,948 of Switzerland; 18,366 of France; 1,197 of Austria; 1,231 of Italy; 1,880 of Poland; 1,472 of Sweden; 256 of Russia. Almost every country in Europe had its representatives. 17,238 were of unknown parentage. Occupations. 5,136 wero bakers; 16,948 blacksmiths; 24,804 boot and shoe makers ard dealers; 6,308 butchers; 6,656 cabinet-makers; 37,475 carpenters; 7,350 cartmen; 30,359 clerks, &c.; 4,810 clergymen; 5,637 coach, &c. makers; 7,539 coopers; 16,939 dross-makers; 321,930 farmers; 9,056 grocers; 2,928 hotel-keepers; 2,055 jewellers 115,800 laborers; 3,557 laundresses; 4,542 lawyers; 6,309 machinists; 13,781 masons and bricklayers; 20,664 merchants: 3,917 millers; 5,862 milliners; 3,114 moulders; 10,081 painters and glaziers; 4,131 peddlers; 6,010 physicians; 4,339 printers; 9,720 sailors and mariners; 58,441 servants; 4,076 stone and marble cutters; 4,184 students; 29,236 tailors; 3,416 tanners; 9,959 teachers; 3,744 tobacconists; 3,141 weavers; 1,498 wheelwrights. 1,422 (785 males and 637 females) were deaf and dumb; 1,136 (682 males and 454 females) were blind; 2,742 (1,215 males and 1,527 females) were insane; 1,812 (1,002 males and 810 females) were idiotic. There were 21,551 marriages. The number of women married at 19 was greater than that at any other age; of men, at 24. In 17,935 marriages both parties were before unmarried. Total deaths, 46,297,-24.980 males and 21,317 females; 15,908 of American parentage, 10,145 of foreign, and 20,202 [or 20,244] of unknown. 7,890 died of consumption, 3,129 of cholera, 1,840 of dysentery, 1,384 of croup, and 1,706 of scarlet fever. Dwellings. Of stone, 7,900; value, $49,184,819. Brick, 58,148; value, $312,151,135. Frame, 416,309; value, $297,453,492. Log, 37,353; value, $1.330,168. Whole number, 522,325. Of 30,225 the value is not given. The value of those given was $664,899,967. Agriculture. Returns were received from 231,470 persons. Number of acres improved, 13,657,491; unimproved, 13,100,693; cash value of farms, $ 799,355,367; of stock, $ 103,776,053; of tools and implements, $ 26,927,502. The value of all the agricultural products is not given. Manufactories.- Capital invested in real estate, $71,130,407; in machinery,. $35,219,570; cash value of raw materials used, $178,394,329; of manufactured articles, $317,428,331. Religions. Number of churches, 5,077; value of churches and lots, $27,769,328; of other real estate, $3,710,816. Number of seats, 2,141,159; usual attendance, 1,124,211; communicants, 702,384. Salaries of clergy, including use of the real estate, $2,411,683; average salary, $475. Newspapers and Periodicals. - Whole number newspapers, 559; periodicals, 112. Published daily, 73; triweekly, 13; semiweekly, 16; weekly, 411; semimonthly, 18; monthly, 113; quarterly, 16; semiannually, 2; annually, 16. 274 are political, 67 religious, 13 agricultural, 10 educational, 15 temperance, 19 medicine, 3 law, 35 literary, 13 juvenile. Circulation of each edition of the dailies, as reported, 312,783; triweekly, 8,400; semiweekly, 40,387; weekly, 1,294,340; semimonthly, 264,600; monthly, 1,287,650; quarterly, 31,950; semiannual, 11,000; annual, 96,950. The appendix to the volume contains the census of Indians residing on reservations, not included in the main volume. The whole number was 3,934,—males, 1,947; females, 1,987. The number in 1845 was 3,753,—males, 1,781; females, 1,972. VIII. NEW JERSEY. Capital, Trenton. Area, 6,851 sq. m. Population, 1850, 489,555. Government for the Year 1858. WM. A. NEWELL, of Allentown, Governor, January, 1860, $1,800 & fees. of Trenton, Sec. of State, Mar. 18, 1861, 500 & fees. of Hightstown, Treasurer, Feb. 21, 1858, 1,000 & fees. of Pennington, Superin Thomas S. Allison, John H. Phillips, tendent of Public Schools, April 1, 1858, William Kitchell, of Morris Co., $500 State Geologist and Superintend. of Trenton, State Librarian, $2.00 a day. 4.00 a day.. 4.00 a day. 3.50 a day. 3.50 a day. C. J. Ihrie, JUDICIARY. Court of Errors and Appeals. This court is composed of the Chancellor, the judges of the Supreme Court, and six other judges appointed by the Governor with the consent of the Senate, who hold office for six years, one judge vacating his seat each year in rotation. The court holds stated terms at Trenton, on the second Tuesday in March, and third Tuesday in June and November. The Governor, Chancellor, and the six judges of the Court of Errors and Appeals, constitute the pardoning power. A major part of them, of whom the Governor shall be one, may remit fines and forfeitures, and grant pardons, after conviction, in all cases except impeachment. All the judges of this court receive $5 a day for each day's attendance. The six judges receive no other salary. This per diem is in addition to the salary of the Chancellor and of the judges of the Supreme Court. of Monmouth Co., Term expires. Thomas Arrowsmith, William N. Wood, 1859. The Chancellor is appointed by the Governor, with the consent of the *Officers of the session of 1857. Senate, for seven years. This court holds three terms annually at Trenton, on the first Tuesday in February, and third Tuesday in May and October. Term expires. Salary. $2,500 Fees. This court consists of a chief justice and six associate justices, who are appointed by the Governor, with the consent of the Senate, for seven years; and the State is divided into seven districts, to each of which a justice of. this court is assigned. This court holds three terms each year at Trenton, on the fourth Tuesday in February, and the first Tuesday in June and No-. vember; and the judges of this court hold Circuit Courts and Courts of Oyer and Terminer three times a year in each county. The judges of the Supreme Court are also ex officio judges of the Courts of Common Pleas, Orphans' Court, and Court of General Quarter Sessions of the Peace, of the several counties, and the judge holding the Circuit Court of any county is the presiding judge of said court. Courts of Common Pleas are held three times a year in each county, by judges appointed by the Legislature for five years, who receive fees and $2 per diem for each day's attendance, and the number of whom is limited to three in each county. Principal Items of Ordinary Expenditure. [Normal School, $8,000.00 Support of deaf, dumb, and blind, $5,532.98 Lunatic Asylum, Wing, 5,075.00 21,210.00 Lunatic Asylum, Managers, 7,402.50 10,360.10 Geological Survey, 5,000.00 213.18 21,058.70 Publishing public laws, 1,550.00 Public Schools, 15,161.01 Pedlers' licenses, Extraordinary Expenditures. State Debt. -The whole amount of the absolute debt of the State January 1, 1857, was, 1,214.00 Annual interest upon absolute debt, 5,700.00 The value of the productive property owned by the State in 1857 was Whole amount of School Fund, available and unavailable, Jan. 1, 1857, Common Schools, Year ending December 15, 1856.- Number of cities and townships in the State, 193; number of townships making returns, 170; number of districts in those. townships, 1,440; returns received from 1,317. Children reported between 5 and 18, 176,350; children attending school 3 months or less, 12,486; 6 months and less than 9, 30,652; 9 months and less than 12, 23,837; 12 months, 28,713; number over 18 years of age who attended school, 1,611; colored children taught, 2,788; whole number of children taught, 125,035. Average length of schools in months, 9; average price of tuition per quarter to each pupil, $ 1.70. Amount raised by tax to support schools, $279,938.79; received from the State, $81,333.56; from other sources, $ 41,901.77; amount raised in addition for building, repairing, and furnishing school-rooms, $ 105,021.12; total amount appropriated for school purposes, $514,218.24. Whole number of teachers, 1,912,-1,125 males and 817 females. Salary of males per annum, $ 361; of females, $229. Teachers' Institutes have been held in each county during the year, at which about 900 teachers attended. School Fund.· For the amount, see above. The receipts of the fund during the year, including balance of cash, January 1, 1856, were $ 62,263.78. By the School Act of 1851, $40,000 are appropriated to the use of schools from the School Fund, and $40,000 from the State treasury, which sum of $ 80,000 is apportioned among the counties upon the basis of population. A Normal School was established by the act of Feb. 9, 1855. The school is at Trenton, and was opened in buildings temporarily occupied for the purpose, Oct. 1, 1855. Since then up to December, 1856, there have been 194 pupils. Banks, January 1, 1857. — Of the 46 banks, 10 are organized under the general banking aw. For the detailed condition of the banks, see the table, ante, p. 221. A general banking law was passed in 1851. Under its provisions, up to January 1, 1857, 28 banking associations had been organized, but at that date only 10 were in operation. Of the other 18, 6 obtained special acts of incorporation, 7 had closed up their business, 2 were winding up, and 3 were closed by injunction. Of the 10 banks, the circulation at that date was $680,009 and the city and State stocks deposited as securities to redeem the same amounted to $644,365. |