The banks at the above date had $639,646 of bills in circulation under five dollars. At the last session of the Legislature seven new banks were incorporated, whose capital, &c. is not included in the foregoing, and the capital stock of seven old banks was increased, amounting in the aggregate to $200,000, and that of three was reduced in the aggregate $175,000. There were eleven savings institutions in the State, that had (Oct. 1855) $867,027.89 deposits.

Insane Hospital, Augusta. — Henry M Harlow, Superintendent and Physician, Theodore C. Allan, Treasurer and Steward. Nov. 30th, 1855, there were in the Hospital 155 patients, 86 males and 69 females; received during the year, 149, 85 males and 64 females, in all 304. 114 (67 males and 47 females) have been discharged; of whom 54 (29 males and 25 females) were recovered, 22 (11 males and 11 females) improved, 19 (13 males and 6 females) unimproved, and 19 (14 males and 5 feinales) died; remaining 190 (105 males and 85 females). Of those admitted, 44 men and 37 women were married; 38 men and 18 women were unmarried; 4 were widowers, and 8 were widows; 11 were between 10 and 20 years of age; 31 between 20 and 30; 40 between 30 and 40; 27 between 40 and 50; 16 between 50 and 60; 15 between 60 and 70; 8 between 70 and 80; and 1 was 86. Supposed causes of insanity of those admitted during the year, ill health, 21; intemperance, 17; puerperal, 9; domestic trouble, 6; religious excitement, 6; old age, 6; business and loss of property, 9; masturbation, 4; spiritualism, 1; Millerism, 1; other causes, 19; unknown, 43; 33 were foreigners and non-residents, and were supported entirely by the State; 86 received $1 per week aid from the State. Receipts for the year $21,718.56. Expenditures $21,908.80. The institu tion has the last year become abundantly supplied with good, pure water.

Since opening the Hospital in 1840 there have been 1,708 patients admitted, and 1,518 discharged. Of the latter 685 have recovered; 298 were improved; 323 unimproved; and 212 died.

The price of board is now $2.25 a week, and a bond must be given in the sum of $200 for the payment of all dues to the institution. The institution will accommodate 250 patients. The number of insane persons in the State is estimated at between 1,300 and 1,400. State Prison, Thomaston. Number of convicts, March 17, 1856, 93; received up to December 31, 1856, 23; discharged during the same period, by expiration of sentence 14, by pardon 12, by death 1, and by escape 1, in all 28; leaving 93 in prison. 43 are committed for larceny, 3 for manslaughter, 4 for murder, 3 for arson, 6 for malicious burning, 3 for rape, 4 for assault with intent to ravish, 4 for burglary, 7 for shop-breaking and larceny, 1 for robbery, 5 for adultery. 3 convicts are colored, and 4 are white females. 28 are employed on contract, 10 in the smith-shop, 20 are wheelwrights. The cost of "keeping" each convict in 1854 was about 11 cents per day. The cost of clothing was $5 per year for each convict. Since July 2, 1824, 1,186 prisoners have been received. Of these there have been discharged, by expiration of sentence 845, pardon 205, death 29, escape 9, removal to Insane Hospital 4, writ of error 1. There is a library of 250 volumes for the use of the convicts.

State Reform School. This school is at Cape Elizabeth, and is under the superintendence of William R. Lincoln. The first boy was received November 14, 1853; from that day to Nov. 30, 1856, 345 inmates were received, and 127 were discharged. 56 were from Kennebec County, 78 from Cumberland, 77 from Penobscot, 16 from Lincoln, 39 from York, 18 from Washington, 7 from Franklin, 19 from Sagadahoc, 14 from Somerset, and 21 from other counties. 181 were committed for larceny, 3 for breaking and entering with felonious intent, 10 for shop-breaking, 60 as common runaways, 12 for truancy, 11 for assault, and 9 for malicious mischief, 41 for vagrancy, 1 as a common drunkard, and 1 as a common night-walker. 296 were reported born in the United States, and of these 53 were of foreign parentage; 49 were born abroad. The maximum age for admission is 18 years. The Trustees and Superintendent recommend that it should be reduced to 16. The Superintendent renews the suggestion, "that short terms of commitment are not for the good of the boy or the prosperity of the institution." The shortest sentence was one year. Each boy is employed six hours of each day at some mechanical, agricultural, or domestic labor. The farm connected with the school contains 160 acres. The cost of supporting each boy during the year was 35 cents a day.

II. NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Capital, Concord. Area, 9,230 sq. m. Population, 1850, 317,976.

Government for the Year ending on the 1st Wednesday of June, 1858.

of Manchester,
of Manchester,
of Concord,
of Keene,

of Lancaster,

George G. Fogg,

of Concord,

State Printer.

There are two Courts, the Supreme Judicial Court, consisting of a chief justice and four associates, and the Court of Common Pleas, composed of a chief justice and two associates; the justices of the Supreme Court being cx officio justices of the Common Pleas, and having authority to hold terms thereof only in cases of accident and necessity. The jurisdiction of the Common Pleas in civil actions, where the ad damnum does not exceed $100, is exclusive and final; exceptions in matters of law being allowed to the Supreme Court. In other civil actions, an appeal on the facts lies to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court has limited equity jurisdiction, and exclusive jurisdiction in all criminal cases, except those within the jurisdiction of justices of the peace and of police courts. The Court of Common Pleas is held by one or more of the justices thereof twice a year in each county. A single justice of the Supreme Court holds a trial term twice annually in each county, except in capital cases, which must be tried by two or more justices. For hearing and deciding law questions, the State is divided into five judicial districts, in each of which

two terms are held annually. Three justices constitute a quorum to hold law terms, and the concurrence of three is necessary to the decision of any law question. All legal questions submitted to the court must be decided before the close of the term next succeeding the submission, unless a reargument is ordered; and each justice must, within six months from the time of such decision, prepare for the press and furnish the State Reporter correct reports of all cases in which he pronounces judgment.

1,356.61

Railroad tax for 1856,

Civil commissions (fees),

[From Treasurer's Report, June 2, 1857.]
Chief Sources of Income.

$49,162.02 Loan, temporary and for Asylum, &c. 69,000.00
816.00 Balance in treasury, June 1, 1856, 19,219.54

State tax for 1856, and previous years, 69,915.24
Miscellaneous,

Salaries, Executive, Judiciary, &c. $27,542.09 Deaf, dumb, and insane,

Principal Items of Expenditure.

$6,617.40

State of the Treasury, June 2, 1857.
Total indebtedness, June 2, 1857, all floating,
Deduct available funds, viz. cash in treasury and taxes outstanding,
Amount of indebtedness above available funds,

There were besides $ 12,921.96 of Trust Funds in the Treasury.

$ 99,879.44 25.100.89

$74,778.55

Banks. The condition of the banks, near the first Monday in June, 1857, was as follows: — Capital stock, $5,031,300; deposits, $955,700.77; circulation, $3,558,273; total liabili ties, $9,545,273.77; loans, $8,866,985.53; deposits in Boston to redeem bills, $746,583.17; bills of other banks, and checks, $123,530.70; specie, $233,791.44; real estate, $ 66,016.89; total means, $10,036,906.73. The whole number of banks in the State was fifty-two. There were also twenty savings banks; deposits, $ 3,S50, 172.47; total means, $4,048,001.89. Bank Commissioners. - John L. Rix, Haverhill; George C. Peavey, Strafford; Charles J. Ammidon, Hinsdale.

Insurance Companies. - Twenty-one mutual fire-insurance companies made returns, from which it appears that $42,127,000 worth of property was insured under 54,403 policies, on which the premium notes were $2,105,000, and the cash premiums $27,000. The losses by fire during the year were $60,000. The expenses of the companies for the year were near $20,000. Insurance Commissioners. — Lorenzo Day, Enfield; Albert S. Scott, Peterborough; Jacob H. Ela, Rochester.

Common Schools. - The present school law is in the eleventh year of its existence. At the June session (1850) of the Legislature, the office of School Commissioner was abolished, and County School Commissioners were created, to constitute the Board of Education. The Commissioners are:

zey.

Sullivan.-Williams Barton, of Croydon.
Grafton.-James W. Patterson, of Hanover,

Rockingham.-Hiram Smart, Jr., of Plaistow, Cheshire. - Sullivan H. McCallister, of Swan.
Strafford. Thos. J. W. Pray, of Dover.
Belknap.-King S. Hall, of Laconia.
Carroll. John H. Merrill, of Tamworth.
Merrimack. Stephen S. Bean, of Bradford.
Hillsborough. -J. H. Goodale, of Manchester. Coos.

Secretary.

George H. Pinkham, of Shelburne.

The report of the Common Schools for the last year has been prepared so imperfectly, that the school statistics for the year cannot be given. There is no general abstract of the returns by counties, and the abstracts for the several counties have not their columns footed. For the school statistics for 1854, 1855, and 1856, see the American Almanac for 1857, p. 236.

Twenty Teachers' Institutes were held in the ten counties during the year ending May, 1857, at which there was reported the attendance of nearly 1,700 teachers.

State Prison, Concord, for the year ending May 31, 1857.—William W. Eastman, Warden, salary $800; Rev. Caleb Brown, Chaplain; William Prescott, M. D., Physician. Whole number of convicts in prison, June 1, 1856, 94. Received since, 32. Whole number, 126. There have been discharged during the year, by expiration of sentence, 27; by pardon, 9; by death, 4;40. Leaving in prison, May 31, 1857, 86. Of those remaining in prison, 81 are males, and 5 are females. 44 convicts are employed in the cabinet-shop, 24 in the shoe-shop; 5 females are employed in sewing. Of those received during the year, 8 were from Hillsborough Co., and 11 from Rockingham, 4 from Strafford, 2 each from Sullivan and Grafton, 3 from Merrimack, and 1 each from Cheshire and Belknap. The prison library consists of about 900 volumes. The receipts during the year were $8,702 49; the expenditures $7,147.03. Since the establishment of the prison, in 1812, there have been admitted 1,003; discharged by expiration of sentence, 501; by pardon, 333; removal to insane asylum, 2; by death, 60; by escape, 15.

New Hampshire Asylum for the Insane, Concord.-Jesse P. Bancroft, Superintendent. This institution is under the direction of a board of twelve trustees, three being appointed each year for four years. Rev. Charles Burroughs, D. D., of Portsmouth, is President of the Board, and Joseph B. Walker, of Concord, Secretary. Since the opening of the asy⚫ lum, in 1843, there have been admitted, to June 1, 1857, 1,476 patients; 170 now remain

in the institution. The number of patients admitted during the past year was 97 (48 males and 49 females)., 81 (41 males and 40 females) were discharged during the year. Of these 47 (24 males and 23 females) had recovered, 15 (8 males and 7 females) had partially recovered, 7 (3 males and 4 females) were not relieved, and 12 (6 males and 6 females) died. Causes assigned for the insanity of some of those admitted during the year: - love affairs, 10; masturbation, 17; domestic trouble, 9; pecuniary difficulties, 4; intemperance, 14; religious, 7; spiritualism, 2; hard work, 9. Receipts during the year, $27,074.27; expenses, $26,423.27; excess of receipts, $ 651. By the aid of the income of the permanent funds of the institution, the trustees are enabled to put the price of board to patients at $2.50 a week. It is estimated that there are, including the 170 in the asylum, 550 insane persons in the State.

House of Reformation for Juvenile and Female Offenders against the Laws. This institution has a farm of 100 acres, near Manchester, and the buildings are now nearly ready for occupation. The plan is that of the "Family System." The buildings are so arranged as to accommodato several families of children, each family in separate buildings, but all so connected by a narrow corridor as to form externally but one building. The intended classification is such, that not more than 63 children will associate together, and no boy in one family can see those in another, except in the chapel. Thus the larger inmates are separated from the smaller, the more vicious from those less advanced in crime.

III. VERMONT.

Capital, Montpelier. Area, 8,000 sq. m. Population, 1850, 314,120.

Government for the Year ending October, 1858.

composed of about 230 members, one member from each town. Pay of the members of each house, $2.00 a day during the session of the Legislature.