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[To Oli.] You to your land and love and great allies: [To Sil.] You to a long and well-deserved bed:

[To Touch.] And you to wrangling; for thy loving voyage Is but for two months victuall'd. So, to your pleasures: I am for other than for dancing measures.

Duke S. Stay, Jaques, stay.

Jaq. To see no pastime I: what you would have I'll stay to know at your abandon'd cave.

[Exit.

Duke S. Proceed, proceed: we will begin these rites, As we do trust they 'll end, in true delights. [A dance. 190

EPILOGUE.

Ros. It is not the fashion to see the lady the epilogue; but it is no more unhandsome than to see the lord the prologue. If it be true that good wine needs no bush, 'tis true that a good play needs no epilogue; yet to good wine they do use good bushes, and good plays prove the better by the help of good epilogues. What a case am I in then, that am neither a good epilogue nor cannot insinuate with you in the behalf of a good play! I am not furnished like a beggar, therefore to beg will not become me my way is to conjure you; and I'll begin with the women. I charge you, O women, for the love you bear to men, to like as much of this play as please you and I charge you, O men, for the love you bear to women-as I perceive by your simpering, none of you hates them—that between you and the women the play may please. If I were a woman I would kiss as many of you as had beards that pleased me, complexions that liked me and breaths that I defied not: and, I am sure, as many as have good beards or good faces or sweet breaths will, for my kind offer, when I make curtsy, bid me farewell.

[Exeunt.

F

NOTES.

ACT I. SCENE I.

STAGE DIRECTION. Orchard, garden; as always in Shakespeare; nowadays a garden of fruit trees. The older form is

ortgeard, i.e. wort-yard, a yard of worts or vegetables.

1-4. As I remember... well, according to my recollection this is how matters stood-he left me by will no more than a thousand crowns, charging my brother, as he valued his blessing, to bring me up as a son of his should be brought up; Orlando and Adam are continuing a conversation begun before they enter. The folios read "it was upon this fashion bequeathed me by will," etc., with no stop after fashion and no nominative case to bequeathed or charged; 'he' was inserted by Malone, 'my father' substituted by Warburton for fashion; while many editors follow the folio, regarding this as an instance of the nominative omitted when there could be no doubt what that nominative was; bequeathed, generally, as here, of disposing by will, testament, though the A.S. be-cwethan meant no more than to say, declare; poor a thousand, by some regarded as a transposition of the article (see Abb. § 422) as in A. C. v. 2. 236, "What poor an instrument May do a noble deed!" by others as a transposition of the adjective for the sake of emphasis; breed, here = bring up; used also by Shakespeare as beget, and as = feed, e.g. 1. 11, below.

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4. and there... sadness, and it is at that point (i.e. his failure to give me a fitting education) that my grievance begins; Jaques, probably Shakespeare's giving us in the same play two characters of the same name was a piece of carelessness, but," remarks Furness, the character itself, a third brother, whatsoever his name, was retained, I believe, to meet the requirements of the close of the drama. Perhaps, too, it was to meet those same requirements that, in the tender treatment of a younger brother by Oliver, and in the latter's capacity to discern the fine traits in Orlando's character, we are to detect the elements of a better

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nature in Oliver, a soul of goodness in things evil, which will need but the refining influence of Celia's love to work a satisfactory reformation of his character, and thus go far to obliterate, or at least to soften, in this charming play the one smirch therein, which Swinburne finds in the marriage of Celia and Oliver."

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5. keeps, maintains; goldenly, in terms of highest praise; cp. Macb. i. 7. 33, "I have bought Golden opinions from all sorts of people": his profit, the learning he has acquired at school.

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6. keeps me home, maintains me as though I deserved nothing better than the treatment of a common hind; with a play in the words keeps me at home, of denying him all liberty, a sense continued in the words stays... unkept, i.e. obliges me to stay at home without any of those advantages and comforts which are rightly my due. Oliver not only does nothing for him in the way of education and the happiness of a home, but prevents him from trying to better himself abroad.

8. differs not from, is in no way better.

9. are bred better, receive more care.

10. fair... feeding, sleck in consequence of being well fed.

11. their manage, their training; a term especially used of horses; cp. R. II. iii. 3. 179," Wanting the manage of unruly jades"; i. H. IV. ii. 3. 52, “Speak terms of manage to thy bounding steed" and to that... hired, and for that purpose skilful trainers are hired at great expense.

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13. are as much bound, are under as great an obligation, i.e. no obligation at all.

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15. his countenance, variously explained as "the mode of his carriage towards me,' "his favour, regard," "his appearance, deportment," "his entertainment of me, the style of living which he allows me."

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15, 6. seems... me, is in the way of taking from me, has the tendency to deprive me of: hinds, farm labourers.

16, 7. bars me... brother, robs me of that position which belongs to me as a brother; for the omission of the preposition before the place or inanimate object with verbs of ablation, see Abb. § 198.

17, 8. and, as much... gentility, and does his best, by the manner in which he brings me up, to undermine those instincts that are natural to me as a man of gentle birth.

19. spirit, high spirit, mettle.

21, 2. though yet... it, though as yet I have discovered no remedy by which I may wisely free myself from it.

25. shake me up, taunt and try to provoke me; treat me with every kind of indignity.

26. what make you here? what are you doing here? with the idea implied that he had no business to be there at all. The phrase in this sense is frequent in Shakespeare.

27. I am not... thing, eager to attack his brother for giving him no proper education, Orlando pretends to take the word make in its ordinary sense.

28. What mar you then? the opposition of make and mar was, and still is, a very common one.

29, 30. I am... idleness, the only thing I am marring is my own self by the idleness you have forced upon me with the object of ruining me.

31. be naught awhile, a petty malediction. "It is too much, perhaps," says Gifford on Jonson's Bartholomew Fair, ii. 1, 'be curst awhile,' "to say that the words 'an hour,' 'awhile,' are pure expletives, but it is sufficiently apparent, that they have no perceptible influence on the exclamations to which they are subjoined. To conclude, be naught, hang'd, curst, etc. with, or without an hour, a while, wherever found, bear invariably one and the same meaning; they are, in short, petty and familiar maledictions, and cannot be better rendered than in the words of Warburton--a plague, or a mischief on you!"

33, 4. What prodigal ... penury? what portion have I prodigally wasted that I should be such a beggar as I am? i.e. I have not wasted my portion like the Prodigal Son, and therefore do not like him deserve to feed swine. The Prodigal Son in Luke, xv. 12-32, having received his portion from his father, wasted it with riotous living in a distant country, and at last being employed by a citizen of that country was sent "into his fields to feed swine, And he would fain have filled his belly with the husks that the swine did eat"; prodigal, here used proleptically.

38. him, for other examples of him put for he, by attraction to whom understood, see Abb. § 208.

39, 40. in the gentle... me, your gentle birth should teach you in return to recognize me as your brother and to treat me as such; if you had the feelings which might be expected of one of gentle birth like yourself, you would show by your acts that you look upon me as a brother.

40, 1. The courtesy... first-born, by the customary deference shown among civilized nations to an eldest son you are acknowledged my superior.

42. tradition, traditional usage, practice sanctioned by long use; cp. R. II. iii. 2. 173, "throw away respect, Tradition, form

and ceremonious duty": takes... blood, does not rob me of being the son of the same father.

42, 3. were there... us, i.e. and would not rob me even if there were twenty, etc.

44, 5. albeit... reverence, although, I admit, your being my senior in age makes you better entitled to the respect due to him; his reverence has also the idea of the word as used for a title of respect; albeit, although it be.

46. What, boy! an exclamation of anger at the irony which he sees in Orlando's words.

47. Come, come ... this, nonsense, nonsense, older though you are in years, in talking as you do you show yourself a child.

49. villain, Johnson says that Orlando uses the word here in its original signification, for a fellow of base extraction.

52. take this hand, remove this hand (by which he has seized his brother by the throat).

54. railed on thyself, used dishonourable language about yourself by implying that our father could beget villains, and that therefore you yourself might be one.

55, 6. for your accord, remembering what your father was, and that you are his sons, be friends with each other.

57. Let me go, leave go of me, take your hands from my throat. 60, 1. obscuring... qualities, hindering me from the acquirement of all gentleman-like accomplishments by keeping me shut up where I had no opportunity of witnessing and profiting by the example of such accomplishments.

63. exercises, used especially of manly exercises for the acquirement of skill and grace in the use of weapons, and for the development of physical powers; cp. K. J. iv. 2. 60, "Why then your fears, should move you to mew up Your tender kinsman... and deny his youth The rich advantage of good exercise ?”, where Pembroke, in behalf of Arthur, complains of a confinement similar to that which Orlando resents.

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64. the poor allottery, the small portion, the "poor a thousand crowns bequeathed him by his father; for allottery, cp. A. C. ii. 2. 248, "Octavia is a blessed lottery (i.e. allotment) to him."

65. go buy my fortunes, go out into the world and seek my fortune, see what career I may carve out for myself.

67. get you in, sc. the house: I will... you, I am determined quickly to rid myself of the worry you cause me.

Furness

68. some will, i.e. freedom to take yourself off. thinks that in will there may also be a reference to Sir Roland's will, testament, the provisions of which Orlando had called upon his brother to carry out.

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