116. That do ... semblances, who carry off their cowardice by the appearance of manliness; it, used indefinitely; see Abb. § 226.

119. look you call, take care to call: Ganymede, son of Tros and Callirrhoë, a beautiful boy who was carried off by the gods to be cup-bearer to Zeus.

120. will you, do you desire.

122. Aliena, i.e. a stranger, an exile from her home. Rolfe's scansion of the line "No longer Celliá, | but Alliéna," seems preferable to that of Wright who accents Aliena on the second syllable. Elsewhere, Rolfe points out, Celia is unquestionably a trisyllable.

123. what if... steal, supposing we tried to carry off secretly; what do you say to our trying to, etc.

...

127. Leave me him, leave it to me to win him over to the project.

131. After my flight, in pursuit of me the fugitive: in content, contentedly.

ACT II. SCENE I.

2. old custom, long experience.

4. the envious court, life at court so full of petty jealousies and intrigues.

5. the penalty of Adam, whether this is in apposition with The seasons' difference or means the obligation to labour which fell upon Adam when driven out of Eden has been much disputed. The former explanation seems to me the more satisfactory since the Duke continues to dwell so forcibly on the inconvenience of weather to which in their open-air life they are exposed.

6. The seasons' difference, the variation of weather in the changing seasons: as, to wit, namely.

8. Which, as regards which; for other instances of which used adverbially, see Abb. § 272: bites and blows, a hendiadys for 'blows bitingly, keenly,' the metaphor in fang being kept up.

9. I smile, I am still able to smile.

11. feelingly, by making themselves felt; cp. Lear, iv. 6. 152, "I see it feelingly," where the blind Gloucester can only see how this world goes" by the effects produced upon his feelings.

12. uses, the advantages derived from the use to which we put adversity, if that use be a good one; not the mere effect of ad

versity, which Hartley Coleridge points out may be either good or bad.

13. venomous, a very old but fallacious belief.

14. jewel, another popular superstition.

15. exempt... haunt, free from the inroads of people in general. 16, 7. Finds tongues. thing, finds in everything in nature something that teaches man a lesson.

...

19, 20. That can ... style, who are able to give to the cruelty of fortune an aspect of such peaceful contentment.

21. kill us, kill for ourselves.

22. irks me, pains me, distresses me; the radical idea is that of oppression: dappled, with spotted coats.

23. Being native... city, they being the indigenous citizens of this otherwise unpeopled city.

24. in... confines, in the very territory which properly belongs to them: forked heads, Wright quotes Ascham's Toxophilus to show that the forked arrow was not the same as the barbed arrow, the former having two points pointing upwards, the latter two points pointing downwards; but adds that forked was perhaps used loosely for barbed.'

25. gored, pierced; A.S. gar, a spear.

26. Jaques, a dissyllable here, the final -es, as frequently in French words, being sounded; see Abb. § 489.

27. in that kind, in that respect, way; M. A. ii. 1. 70, “if the prince do solicit you in that kind."

31. antique, aged; accented on the first syllable.

32. brawls along, noisily makes its way through.

33. sequester'd, that had separated itself from the rest of the herd.

35. to languish, to pine away in its loneliness.

40. In piteous chase, following each other in pitiful succession: the hairy fool, the poor wretched animal.

41. Much marked of, earnestly watched by.

44. moralize this spectacle, find in the sight an occasion for sententious comment.

46. for his... stream, as regards his adding his tears to the stream that was already full enough; for adjectives having both an active and a passive sense, see Abb. § 3.

48, 9. giving... much, Steevens compares iii. H. VI. v. 4. 8, "With tearful eyes add water to the sea And give more strength to that which hath too much."

49. being there, it being there.

50. abandon'd... friends, deserted by its sleek-coated fellows. 51. 'Tis right, it is as it should be, i.e. as one would expect. 51, 2. thus misery... company, thus adversity thins the crowd of fair-weather friends.

52, 3. anon... pasture, suddenly a herd, heedless of anything but their own pleasure, and joyous in their full-fed condition.

54. And never stays, without pausing for a moment.

55. you fat... citizens, you cits sleek with prosperity; cp. 1. 23, above.

56. 'Tis ... fashion, 'tis the way of the world all over.

56, 7. wherefore ... there? why should you stop to give a glance to a miserable wretch like that who has nothing in common with yourselves?

58, 9. Thus most ... court, with such bitter invectives he aims his sarcasms at life whether that of rustics, citizens, or courtiers: body, for the sake of carrying on the idea of the stag shot through the body, and also to express the thoroughness of his invectives.

60. Yea, and life, not even excepting the innocent life led by us here.

...

61. mere, thorough; as very frequently in Shakespeare and what's worse, and anything else worse than tyrants, if anything worse can be imagined.

62. To fright, in frightening; the indefinite infinitive: kill them up, butcher them so remorselessly; up, intensive.

63. assign'd, sc. by nature.

64. contemplation, contemplative occupation.

67. to cope, to encounter; used also of meeting in battle, e.g. T. C. i. 2. 34, 66 He yesterday coped Hector in the battle"; the original sense is to bargain: sullen fits, fits of misanthropy. 68. matter, "good stuff, sound sense. Cp. Lear, iv. 6. 178, 'O matter and impertinency mixed'" (Wright).

69. straight, straightway, immediately.

SCENE II.

3. Are of consent... this, are consenting parties to their flight. 5. her attendants... chamber, "this phrase is cited by Abbott, § 423, as an instance of the repetition of the possessive adjective, and as a modification of such transpositions as we find in 'your sovereignty of reason,' 'her brow of youth,' etc.; which is quite possible, but, at the same time, I think we can see how both

sound and sense controlled the line. "The ladies, the attendants' is unrhythmical, and the second definite article must be emphasized to avoid an elision: 'th' attendants.' On the other hand, the sense would have been obscure and uncertain in 'her attendants of the chamber.' So that I doubt if the present construction is peculiar either to Shakespeare or his times" (Furness).

7. untreasured... mistress, robbed of that which was its treasure, namely, their mistress.

8. roynish, rascally; literally, scabby, F. rogneux, scurvy,

mangy.

13. parts, accomplishments: wrestler, here a trisyllable; see Abb. § 477.

17. brother, Capell reads 'brother's,' i.e. brother's house, which improves the sense: gallant, said sarcastically.

19. suddenly, with all speed, immediately.

20, 1. And let not ... runaways, and let there be no hesitation, scruples, on the part of those sent to search for these runaways, about bringing them back, i.e. let them use force, if persuasion fails: for inquisition, cp. Temp. i. 2. 35, "left me to a bootless inquisition."

SCENE III.

3. you memory, you who by your looks and ways so vividly bring your father to my mind; for memory, memorial, that which calls to remembrance, cp. Lear, iv. 7. 7, "These weeds (i.e. clothes) are memories of those worser hours"; Cor. iv. 5. 77.

7. so fond to, so unwise as to; unwise because of the results of his victory; fond, "M. E. fond, but more commonly fonned... Fonned is the passive participle of the verb fonnen, to act foolishly from the substantive fon, a fool"... (Skeat, Ety. Dict.).

8. The bony priser, the big-boned, stalwart, prize-fighter; some editors retain the reading of the folios, bonny, but without citing any parallel for its use in such a context, for in ii. H. VI. v. 2. 12, "Even of the bonny beast he loved so well," the word is a term of affectionate praise that includes the looks and general excellence of the animal: humorous, see note on i. 2. 235.

9. Your praise... you, i.e. the credit which he has gained in the combat has only set his brother more against him than ever. 10. some kind of men, grammatically as though kind of men were a compound noun with a plural termination; see Abb. § 412, and cp. Lear, ii. 2. 107, "These kind of knaves."

12. No more do yours, as though the former line had run 'Their graces do not serve them except as enemies.'

13. Are sanctified... you, are but as traitors that conceal their enmity under a sanctimonious appearance; i.e. while seeming to adorn you, only bring down upon you hatred and malice.

14, 5. 0, what... it, O, what a state of things we have come to when that which should adorn poisons the wearer. Walker thinks that Shakespeare may have had in his mind the shirt poisoned by the blood of the centaur Nessus which when put on by Hercules, eat into his flesh and killed him; to this reference is made by Antony in A. C. iv. 12. 43, “The shirt of Nessus is upon me."

17. roof, house; the part for the whole.

18. The enemy... graces, he who finds in everything that graces you some cause for resentment.

23. use to lie, are accustomed to sleep; we now employ use in this sense in the past tense only.

24. if he fail of that, if he should be disappointed in that project.

25. He will have, he will be prepared with.

26. I overheard ... practices, I overheard him speaking of the stratagems he intends to employ; for practices, cp. above, i. 1. 131.

27. no place, sc. for you to remain in: butchery, used of a place where butchering takes place.

30. so, provided that.

32, 3. Or with... road, or take to the highway and as a robber basely gain my livelihood by ruffian violence.

34. or know not... do, or be at a loss what to do.

35. do how I can, whatever straits I may be driven to.

37. Of a diverted... brother, of a brother whose nature has been turned from the affection he ought to feel to a bloodthirsty desire for my destruction; for blood, cp. above, i. 1. 40.

39. The thrifty ... father, the wages which I thriftily saved when in your father's service; thrifty hire, with this sense, is a strange expression to which no real parallel has been found.

40. to be my foster-nurse, to serve me in my old age as a foster-nurse serves a child in infancy.

41, 2. When service ... thrown, when my old limbs should have in them no capacity for service and I should be thrown aside