to the neighborhood of Europe, to wait for barbarities inflicted on his race by war. the exchange of couriers, and the then often long passage to and from Great Britain, they embarked on board a small vessel for New-York, and afterwards obtained in a packet-ship a passage for England. But who, save Louis Philippe himself, can recount all the annoyances and vexations, deprivations and sorrows, to which himself and his brothers were exposed before they could secure their passage, so small were their resources? They, whose private fortunes were immense, often found themselves without a dollar between them, and knew not where to obtain the next. They arrived, however, at Falmouth in February, 1800. That fond and faithful Adelaide had prepared the way by correspondence with the English government for their reception; and the good and gracious George the Third directed that no impediment should be thrown in the way of their residence in or near London. The arrival of the three sons of "Egalité" at Twickenham, was an event of some importance, not merely in the opinion of the diplomatic circles of London, but also in that of the princes of the elder branch of the house of Bourbon. The emigrants entertained, of course, a cordial hatred for the Orleans family, in consequence of the political principles and conduct of its late head. This was natural; and it led to the separation of the eldest branch from the Orleans race up to the period at which I have now arrived in the history of Louis Philippe. That the brothers and the child of Louis XVI. should feel an aversion even to the offspring of "Egalité," cannot excite surprise. He had voted for the death of their brother and father, and that was a crime which could not be forgiven. But, in addition to this, the peculiar circumstances in which the young Duke of Orleans was placed at the time of the defection of Dumouriez, and his entire separation from the eldest branch of the Bourbons, as well as his known political opinions being those of a constitutional and not of an absolute character, rendered him an object of suspicion and mistrust on the part of both the Bourbons and the emigrants. "What is the object of the Duke of Orleans in coming to London ?" was a question everywhere put, and which excited great interest and attention. The next heir to the French throne was Louis XVIII. He was at Mitteau. The Prince de Condé endeavored to wreak his vengeance on France for the cruelties and The Count d'Artois, afterwards Charles X. was residing in the British metropolis, and his abode was the rendezvous of those who were the most determined opponents of the new order of things in France. Some were of opinion that the Duke of Orleans had secret objects which he wished to accomplish ; that he desired to ascend the throne of France, or at least to prepare his way for so doing; and that he had a party in France secretly at work for him. Others thought that his great desire was to obtain the patronage of the British government in the event of a general peace, or of some other arrangement by which he might, with its aid, be put in possession of the Orleans family estates. Whilst those who knew him best were quite certain that he had only one straightforward course in view, and that was to reside quietly in England, without listening to intrigues, or being mixed up in plots or conspiracies, to associate with the English gentry, to “bide his time," to take his chance in coming events, and to be (as he hoped) one day again a prince and a gentleman in his own country. When he settled down in Twickenham, his intentions were as honorable as they were open and public. He lived without ostentation and display; spoke but little of politics or political events; sought the society of the best English families; and would not on any occasion deviate from the line he had marked out of acting in a foreign country as a private individual, and not as a political personage. During the absence of the Duke de Montpensier and the Count Beaujolais at Clifton, for the benefit of the health of the former, the Count d'Artois invited the Duke of Orleans to visit him at his residence in Welbeck-street, Cavendish Square. That invitation was accepted, and led to a reconciliation with Louis XVIII., by means of a correspondence, in which the Duke of Orleans expressed his deep regret at the fatal vote of his father, and his own horror at the enormities perpetrated by the regicide factions in France; but, at the same time, avowed that to the early and original principles of the Revolution of 1788, before they were stained by bloodshed and crime, he was as warmly as ever attached. It was on that occasion that the Count d'Artois (afterwards Charles X.) reproached him with his "errors ;" and oh, strange coincidence! that same Charles X. just thirty years afterwards, wrote to the same Duke of Orleans to entreat him to become regent of France, and to rule for, and in the name of, his grandson the Duke of Bordeaux, dur- | were not allowed to proceed into the ining his minority. How little did either terior of the kingdom, and they returned to the Count d'Artois or the Duke of Orleans England without enjoying the satisfaction think when, in February, 1800, the former had reproached the latter with his "errors," that thirty years subsequently the real "errors" of Charles X. would lead to his abdication; that he would himself apply to the Duke of Orleans to step between the eldest branch of the French people, as a sort of third party or hostage, and that the throne of the Capets should afterwards become that of the family of Orleans!! Mr. Pitt soon satisfied himself of the purity of the intentions of the duke, introduced him to George the Third, who held a special levee to receive him and his brother, and, from that moment, they were invited during the whole of that season to the most elevated and fashionable circles. Still the eldest branch of the house of Bourbon was not satisfied. The members of that branch desired to see the duke and his brother at the head of an army with the "Drapeau blanc" as their emblem, to announce their principles, marching against France. Numerous were the efforts made by the Count d'Artois, by the Prince of Bourbon, and by the emigrants, to prevail on the duke to identify himself completely with the emigrant party; but neither their efforts, nor those of the court of Louis XVIII., in Courland, could prevail on the Orleans family to follow their counsels; and although they associated with the eldest branch, and wished success to the cause of the Bourbons, they resolved not to become parties to a counter-revolution. In order, then, to get rid of importunities which were disagreeable, and to put an end to unprofitable negotiations, the Duke of Orleans requested Mr. Pitt to grant him and his brother a free passage to Minorca, hoping from that island to be enabled to pass over to Spain, and enjoy the long-desired interview with their royal mother. The duchess was then living in comparative comfort in Spain, since Buonaparte had caused her to receive a large portion of the produce of the sale of the Orleans estates. To her sons she was kind, attentive, and even generous; but the difficulties which then existed in the way of safely transmitting money were much greater than is generally imagined. The voyage to Minorca was unfortunate. Time and money were consumed without any result being obtained. Although they arrived at the Spanish coast, so great was the aversion of the government of that country even to their names, that they of an interview with their mother. They succeeded, however, by their correspondence, in prevailing upon the duchess to send for her daughter Mademoiselle, now Madame Adelaide, from Hungary, where she was then residing with the Princess of Conti, and to cause her to become her companion in her Spanish exile. Most unsuccessful were all the efforts of the French princes once more to clasp in their arms their beloved mother; and to England they returned, fully resolved to reside at Twickenham in complete isolation, and the most retired and private manner. From this period, 1802, when, with but one servant the princes resided in England, living a life of seclusion on the banks of the Thames, to the year 1807, when the beloved Montpensier was separated by death from the Duke of Orleans, the days of the princes were calm and peaceful. The Duke of Orleans studied the constitution and laws of Great Britain; Montpensier distinguished himself as a painter; and Beaujolais watched with intense interest the affairs of France and of the Continent; and kept his brothers" au courant" with the events of each day. They were indeed admirably formed for each other, and never was a brighter example given of fraternal affection. But, alas! the healths of both Beaujolais and Montpensier were too deeply affected by the imprisonment and sufferings of their earlier days ever really to recover; and, notwithstanding the best medical aid was resorted to, the Duke de Montpensier died in his thirty-second year, at Salthill, near Windsor, to the inexpressible grief of his surviving and most disconsolate brothers. Of that prince much has been written of a commendatory nature, but not one word too much. He had a noble and tender heart, a fine elevated mind, a high sense of honor and virtue, and a great love of order, truth, and obedience. His ashes repose in that Westminster Abbey, beneath whose roof are entombed the great, the learned, and the good; and, in 1829, when the present King of the French visited for the last time this country, he caused to be erected to the memory of his beloved brother a monument worthy of his name. The Count de Beaujolais soon followed, though in another land, his beloved Montpensier to the world of spirits. Prevailed on by the Duke of Orleans to accompany him to Malta, for the benefit of a milder and more genial atmosphere, they took up their residence at Valetta; but only a few| Queen of Sicily hoped that the moment weeks afterwards, this adventurous, refined, would arrive when Napoleon might favor and courageous prince existed no longer. It the claims of her second son prince Leowas in the month of October, 1808, that pold, and besides which she hoped that the the Duke of Orleans truly found himself Duke of Orleans might be induced to apalone in the world; and although the mem- pear in the field and rally round him all bers of the eldest branch had acted with the royalist emigrants. She, therefore, much of kindness and sympathy, yet nothing could compensate him for the loss of two brothers with whom he had spent so many years of devoted and mutual love. Broken-hearted and alone, he now sought in change of scene some mitigation of his sorrows; and having received from Ferdinand IV., the King of the Two Sicilies, an invitation to visit himself and his family, he proceeded to his majesty's dominions, and landed at the port of Messina. desired to postpone the marriage of her daughter with the Duke of Orleans until she should be perfectly convinced that Napoleon would despise her machinations. thing can explain its adoption but the influence exercised over his mind by the mother of that princess to whom he so ardently desired to unite his future destinies. But although, for the moment, his mind had been unduly influenced and his heart had lent itself to the deception, it was only for a moment, and as soon as the duke had conferred with Lord Collingwood, this strange adventure was wisely terminated. The whole of the previous life of the Duke of Orleans supplied so great a mass of evidence that this momentary intrigue was not his own invention, that Lord Collingwood therefore took great pains to convince his royal highness that the project was senseless, and had not the smallest chance of success. Convinced by the unanswerable arguments of his lordship, the Duke of Orleans returned on board the That was a striking event, and an extraordinary moment in the life of Louis Philippe, when in August, 1808, prevailed on by the mother of his future wife and queen, he accompanied Prince Leopold, his future brother-in-law, to Gibraltar, in order to propose from thence to the senate of SeAt Palermo the Duke of Orleans was re-ville to adopt the former as regent. Such ceived with noble hospitality and affection- a line of proceeding was so unlike his ate sympathy, and there he became ac- former prudent and wise policy, that noquainted with that most admirable and amiable princess who is now the Queen of the French, and whose virtue, maternal and conjugal love, and unaffected piety, cannot possibly be too highly extolled. Indeed, her devotedness, her sweet counsels, and unbounded attachment, her good sense, admirable prudence, and yet cheerful and resigned conduct on occasions of the deepest trial, and almost unheard-of anxiety and sorrows, have been to the duke and the king the charm of his life, and have rendered him one of the happiest of husbands and of fathers. Their views have so completely harmonized with regard to the education of their children; their domestic and family arrangements have been adopted so wholly with each other's full consent and approbation; and they have on all occasions so entirely acted in concert on all important questions, that notwithstanding" Thunderer" to England, although, to gratithe various attempts made since 1830 to assassinate the king and his offspring, as well as the political convulsions of the kingdom and the deaths of two beloved children, her uniform and devoted love, pious resignation, and practical religion, have made life almost charmful, and mitigated the severity of their mutual sorrows. It was soon after the period when the Duke of Orleans first saw the princess Marie Amelia that Napoleon had decided upon becoming arbitrator between the King of Spain and his son Ferdinand, and had resolved to deprive one of the present, the other of his prospective right to the throne. He had formed the project of placing the diadem of the peninsula on the brow of Joseph Buonaparte his brother. This led to the Peninsular War. The fy his future mother-in-law, he sent in a protest to the British government and a complaint against the governor of Gibraltar, but pursued them no farther than was requisite to fulfil the promise he had made to the Queen of Sicily. The project, long conceived, but so often frustrated by unexpected events, of once more beholding his venerable mother, he was now resolved to prosecute until success should crown his efforts. He accordingly applied to the British government for permission to proceed to the Mediterranean and to correspond with the Duchess of Orleans, who was residing at Port Mahon; and he was on the very eve of embarking when he had the happiness of meeting at Portsmouth (to which place he had proceeded for the purpose of finding out her great,) and is very happy in the choice which her son has made of a wife." abode) his beloved and devoted sister Mademoiselle d'Orleans. After a few days' residence in England, they left for Malta, The marriage in question, if looked at and reached Valetta in February, 1809. To solely from the point of time at which it the Chevalier de Broval were intrusted the was celebrated, and the then prospects negotiation for an interview, but that mis- both of Louis Philippe and the Sicilian dysion, unknown to the duke, assumed a po- nasty, was any thing but fortunate. For litical character, and the Duke of Orleans he was an exiled prince without wealth or was appointed to the command of a corps power, and she was the daughter of a of the Spanish army destined to act on the prince who was compelled to seek safety frontiers of Catalonia. This measure, how- in an insular portion of his dominions, proever, was instantly frustrated by Napoleon tected, indeed, by the British navy, but, by the sudden invasion of Andalusia by a without such protection, weak and helppowerful French force. The project, how-less. ever, brought suspicion on the duke, and But a few months had passed over his its failure deprived him of some of the fame he had acquired for his "ability" and courage. At the court of the Queen of Sicily he was of course libelled by his foes, and his chances of success in his matrimonial projects became but small, when he determined on facing his enemies and on proceeding without delay to Palermo. There the frankness of his manners, the charms of his society and conversation, and the sincere and avowed attachment of the Sicilian princess for him, removed all obstacles, and the Duchess of Orleans having given her consent to the union, embarked on board an English vessel, and arrived at Palermo on the 15th of October, 1809. And was not that a memorable moment in the life of Louis Philippe when, after so many years of persecution, poverty, exile, and misery, when, after having lost his Montpensier and his Beaujolais, his two faithful and devoted brothers, he once more pressed to his heart his beloved and long absent mother? How sad had been her destinies! Her husband had first deserted her, and then had been put to death; her children had been banished from her; her property had been confiscated and sold; her own peaceful asylum at Figueiras had been laid in ruins by a Catalonian army; and she had become a miserable wanderer on the face of the earth! But once more ere she died she beheld herself in the society of two of her children, and one month after her arrival at Palermo, she witnessed the execution of the marriage contract of her son and Princess Maria Amelia of Sicily. On the 25th of November of that year the illustrious pair received the church's benediction in the old Norman chapel of the Palazzo Reale. "The old Duchess," wrote Lord Collingwood, "who is a delightful old woman, seems to have forgot ten all her misfortunes, (and they have been head before the Duke of Orleans received an urgent solicitation on the part of the Spanish provisional government to enter the Peninsula, and the proposal was received by him with pleasure and adopted with delight. Why was this? The struggle was between liberty and tyranny, and involved the independence or the subjection of the Spanish nation. But the duke arrived too late, (May, 1810,) and he reembarked, aud sailed for Cadiz. The Duke of Wellington disapproved of the invitation which had been sent to the Duke of Orleans, and anxiously hoped for his own honor, that he would reject it. The Duke of Wellington also regretted the difficulties in which the misfortunes and the intrigues of Spain had involved so. amiable a person as the subject of this memoir. More than this, the Duke of Wellington stated in a letter to Dumouriez, "I have often lamented the lot of the Duke of Orleans. He is a prince of the most estimable character, great talents, and deserved reputation; he will one day prove a great benefactor to his unhappy country." That the Duke of Orleans did not go unbidden to Spain, and that the regency had pressed upon him the acceptance of the command of the troops, cannot be doubted; but the Cortes supplanted the regency, and the Duke of Wellington sought to dissuade the Duke of Orleans from taking up arms against France, even in so noble and just a cause as that of Spanish independence. And, surely, that was an interesting moment in the life of Louis Philippe when, on the 30th of September, 1810, full of honest indignation at the conduct both of the regency and the Cortes towards him, he presented himself unbidden before that assembly, alighted at the principal door of entrance, and demanded to be heard. was so; but the Cortes would not retract its decision, and three deputies waited on He him to state that his withdrawal had be- some hopes that he might obtain employcome necessary for the safety of that very ment and secure honor in the army of his country he had arrived to defend. His pro-father-in-law; but the king and queen could tests were fruitless, his retirement was en- never agree either upon the objects to be forced, and on the 3d of October he em- pursued, or on the mode of carrying them barked for Palermo. into effect. The queen insisted that the On the Duke of Orleans arriving at Paler-English were opposed to the restoration of mo in October, 1810, he learned that on the Ferdinand to the throne of Naples, and her 2d of the previous month his duchess son-in-law in vain tried to persuade her to had given birth to that noble prince the abandon the notion of rescuing Italy, and Duke of Chartres, and afterwards the Duke employ all her resources in defending Siof Orleans, whose premature and melan- cily. He urged her also to cultivate by all choly death all Europe and the civilized the means in her power the alliance of Great world have not yet ceased to deplore. Britain. His advice both as to foreign and Brave, generous, well instructed, amiable, domestic policy was disregarded; and the chivalrous, loyal, and patriotic, the late unfortunate revolution confirmed the acDuke of Orleans was the charm of every curacy of his counsels, and demonstrated society in which he mingled, the idol of the folly of the queen's decision. The his family, and the hope of every man of duke foresaw the approaching storm, lived sense and moderation in France. His ad- with his duchess and the young Duke of mirable temper, his great good sense, his Chartres in comparative seclusion, secured love of his native land, his moderate but to himself and his family by his admirable well-guarded ambition, his attachment to conduct the respect and confidence of the French constitutional institutions, his aver- Sicilians, and there remained not far from sion to extreme principles and measures, Palermo, a spectator rather than an actor and his excellent tact and discrimination, on the great arena of political contest, unpointed him out as a man from whom til aroused from his state of comparative France had much to expect, and the world indolence by the thrilling news of the ABat large much to hope. Foremost in the DICATION OF NAPOLEON! field of battle when his country called him to attack her foes, he was, nevertheless, a lover of peace, of the fine arts, of his family circle, and of domestic life. He has left a widow who still sorrows for his loss as one who cannot be consoled, but who will educate his children with wisdom, love, prudence, and virtue. There is a story told of him in familiar circles which is not generally known, but which is greatly to his honor and praise. On one occasion after the birth of the Count de Paris, a lady whose attachment to the Church of Rome was far greater than that of the late duke, expressed her fears that as his duchess was a Protestant, the count might receive some bias towards that religion. The duke listened with attention to all the observations of the illustrious lady, and then replied, "The first thing necessary for a prince, in the days in which we live, is to be an honest man, and to love above and before all things truth; then to be prepared to live and to die for his country, and then to govern according to its laws and constitution. If my son does all this, I care not whether he be called a Catholic or a Huguenot. He will be in both cases an honest man, a good king, and I hope a true Christian." But to return to Louis Philippe. The then Duke of Orleans entertained Sur That was another striking moment in the life of Louis Philippe, when on the 23d of April, 1814, he entered the Marine Hotel at Palermo, occupied by the British Ambassador, and received from him the startling intelligence that Napoleon had fallen, and that the race of the Bourbons was restored to the throne of their forefathers! prise, incredulity, amazement, were all marked on his countenance, and alternately he rejoiced at the result, whilst, as a Frenchman, he could not but deplore the defeat, disgrace, and subjugation of his country. And was not that a moment of the deepest and even inconceivable interest when, on the 18th of May, 1814, he re-entered that city of Paris in which his father had been guillotined amidst the acclamations of the populace, and in which barbarities and horrors had been perpetrated, which would have disgraced even the savages and cannibals of New Zealand? Yet there stood the same Tuileries in which he had seen collected so much of pomp, and wit, and beauty, and gorgeousness, and all that was glittering and gay. And there stood the same palace of the Palais Royal, though debased and degraded by republican and imperial governments; and there were the same Boulevards, conducting to that same Place de la Bastille, to which Madame de Genlis had conducted him to |