nuary 1762, in the room of Dr Richard Hayter.

At Copenhagen, in an hofpital, Peter Nielfon, aged 115.

17. Near Tooting in Surry, Mrs Rachel Edwards, a widow, aged 108. She had not been afflicted with a day's fickness for seventy years, and could read without glaffes till within three days of her death. At Bath, Mrs Craifteyn. She has left to her three brothers, and one fifter, upwards of 140,000 1. befides confiderable fums given to her family and relations in her lifetime.

19. At Edinburgh, Lady Dunbar, relict of Sir George Dunbar of Mochrum, Bt, and daughter of Sir John Young of Lenie.

20. At Acton in Middlefcx, Sir Richard Simpfon, Kt, dean of the arches court of Canterbury, judge of the prerogative-court at Doctors Commons, and member for Do

12. At Glasgow, William Campbell of Succoth, Efq;

23. At Bath, whither he had gone for the benefit of the waters, William Grant, Efq; of Preftongrange, one of the Lords of both the Seffion and Jufticiary. This gentleman was fecond fon of Sir Francis Grant of Culrn, who was likewife a Lord of Seffion. He was admitted an advocate in the year 171; on the death of John Dundas, Efq; of Philpiton, fucceeded that gentleman, in 173, as procurator for the church, and clerk the general affembly; was appointed his Majefty's folicitor for Scotland in 1737, and me of the truftees for improvements in 1738; Ceceded Robert Craigie, Efq; as King's dvocate, in 1746 (viii. 245. xi. 303.]; was lected member of parliament for the booughs of Elgin, Bamff, &c. in 1747; fucfeeded Lord Elchies as one of the Lords of oth the Seffion and Jufticiary in 1754; and was appointed one of the trustees for the anexed eftates in 1755. His Lordship has eft iffue, three daughters, viz. Janet, mared, in 1748, to John Carmichael, Efq; of lecraig, coufin-german to the Earl of fyndford; Agnes, married, in 1757, to Sir George Suttie, of Balgone, Br; and Jane, married, in 1756, to Robert Dundas, Efq; f Arniston, then his Majefty's advocate, now Lord Prefident of the Seffion.-P. S. His torpfe was brought to Scotland, and buried the isle of Prestonpans church, June 7. It having been reported, that it was to this Hon. Gentleman the world was inebted for the Occafional Writer, the best of everal good political pamphlets published in 745, we have made proper inquiry, and have undoubted evidence that he was the auhor of it. Our readers have seen a large extract from this masterly performance, and kewife the pretender's' fon's manifesto, to Phich it was an answer. [vii. 562. ix. 627.]

25. At Grange-houfe, near Edinburgh, Dr Alexander Seton, third fon of Sir Alexander Seton of Pitmedden, fome time one of the fenators of the college of juftice.

25. At Edinburgh, Mrs Louifa Balfour, fpoufe of Dr Robert White phyfician in that city..

27. At his houfe of Stobbs, in an advanced age, Sir Gilbert Elliot of Stobbs, Bt. 27. At Edinburgh, Mrs Chriftian Kerr, relict of Walter Scot of Harden, Esq;

PREFERMENTS.

From the London Gazette.
The King has been pleased,

May 19. to grant unto Robert Lord Henley, Baron of Grange, and Chancellor of Great Britain, and his heirs-male, the dignity of an Earl of Great Britain, by the title of Earl of Northington in the county of Southamp ton.

to appoint William Young, Alexander Græme, John Hunt, Robert Stewart, and Robert Wynne, Efqs, Commiffioners for the Sale of lands in the islands of Grenada, the Gre nadines, Dominico, St Vincent's, and Tobago.

22 to name and recommend Richard Terrick] Bishop of Peterborough, to be Biop of London, in the room of Dr Richard Ofbaldefton, deceased.

29. to appoint William Young, Efq; Receiver of all the monies arifing by the fale of. lands in the islands of Grenada, the Grenadines, Dominico, St Vincent's, and Tobago,

From other papers," &c.

Robert Lord Clive, the rank of a MajorGeneral in the Eaft Indies only.

Major Pafton Gould, of the 68th, Lieutenant-Colonel of the 30th regiment of foot, the Earl of Loudon's, in the room of Lt-Col. John Jennings, who retires.

Maj. Gen. Alexander Lord Lindore, Colonel of the 41ft regiment of foot, or invalids, in the room of Lt-Gen. Parfons, deceased.

The Earl of Pembroke, Colonel of the regiment of dragoons, late Conways.

Maj. William Dalrymple, from half-pay, Major of the 14th regiment of foot, Jefferys's, in the room of Maj. Bartholomew Corneille, who retires.

Capt. Hillman, from half-pay, a Captain in the 2nd regiment of foot.

Lieut. Cornelius Cuyler, of the ssth, a Captain in the 40th regiment of foot.

Capt. James Bruce from half-pay, a Cape tain in the 63d regiment of foot.

John Breeze, a Captain in the 54th regiment of foot.

Capt.-Lieut. George Cornwallis Browne, a Captain, in the room of Capt. Edward Trotter Bannerman, preterred; Enf. Stephen Morant, a Lieutenant, in the room of Lieut.

George

George Cornwallis Browne; and Samuel Dawlon, an Enign, in the room of Mr MoYant, in the 35th regiment of foot, Lord Robert Manners's.

Capt-Lieut. John Nugent, a Captain, in the room of Capt. George Farquhar, who retires; Lieut. Charles Bagot, from half pay, a Lieutenant, in the room of Milo Bagot, who retires; and Capt. Robert Farquhar, Adjutant, in the room of Capt. George Farquhar, who retires, in the 32d regiment of foot, Leighton's,

Capt. William M'Cormick, from half-pay, a Captain in the 4th regiment of foot, Boscawen's, in the room of Capt. Gually, who retires.

Capt. Gordon, of the 63d, a Captain in the oth regiment of fost, Trapaud's," in the room of Capt. Alexander Innes, preferred.

Licut. Robert Sherwood, of the 51ft, a Captain in the 35th regiment of foot, Otway's, in the room of Capt. Richard Baillie, who retires..

Capt. James Gorry, from half-pay, a Captain, in the room of Capt. Powis, who retires; and Enf. Charles Robinfon, from half-pay, an Enfign, in the room of Enf. Lacey, who retires, in the 67th regiment of foot, Lord Adam Gordon's.

Capt. Alexander Innes, of the 70th, a Captain in the 63d regiment of foot, Sir William Boothly's, in the room of Captain Gordon, preferred.

Guidon and Capt. Claude Benezet, a Lieutenent and Captain in the first troup of horse grenadier-guards, Lord Cantaloupe's, in the room of Capt. Frederick Evelyn, preferred.

Lieut. Archibald Lamont, from half-pay, ́ ́a Lieutenant in the 7th regiment of foot, or Royal· "Englife fufileers, Lord Robert Bertie's, in the room of Lieut. John Lamant, who retires.

Lieut. George Rigge, from half-pay, a Lieutenant in the 42d, or Royal regiment of Highlanders, Lord John Murray's, in the room of Lieut. John Grant, who retires.

Lieut. David Barclay, Captain-Lieutenant in the 4th regiment of dragoons, Sir Robert kich's, in the room of Capt.-Lieut. Hamilton, preferred.

Lieut. John Wynne, Captain-Licutenant in the 25th regiment of foot, Lord George Lenox's, In the room of Capt. Licut. Edmund Robinfon, preferred.

Enf John Lee Hill, of the 13th, a Lieutenant in the 7th regiment of foot, in the room of Lieut. Timothy Newmarfh, preferred.

Enf. John Elphinstone, a Lieutenant in the 25th regiment of foot, Lord George Lenox's, in the room of Lieut. John Wynne, preferred. Capt.-Lieut. Alexander Campbell, from half-pay, a Lieutenant in the 41ft regiment of foot.

Sir John Nefbitt, Bt, a Cernet in the ad or Royal North British dragoons, Duke of Argyle's, in the room of Cornet Douglas, preferred.

Chriftopher Clitherow, a Cornet in the Royal

regiment of horse-guards, Marquis of Granby's, in the room of Cornet Evans preferred

John Home, an Enfign in the s3d regiment of foot, Col. Toovey's, in the room of Enf Bunbury, preferred.

John Sivright, a Cornet in the fecord trop of horse-guards, Lord Cadogan's, in the room of Cornet Burton, preferred,

Robert Gryfydd, an Ensign in the 13th re giment of foot, Pulteney's, in the room of Enf John Lee Hill, preferred.

Robert Helyar, a Cornet in the 6th regimen of dragoons.

John Lord Forbes, Lieutenant-Governor Fort William in Scotland.

Roderick Gwynne, Efq; Lieutenant-Gove nor of Berwick.

John Ord, Efq; fon of Lord Chief Bart Ord, of the exchequer in Scotland, a Chancellor of Durham, Master of Greath hofpital in Durham, worth 5001 per ansth Appointed by the Bishop of Durham.

Lord Blaney, Grand Master of the F Mafons in England, in the room of the E of Ferrers.

Dr Thomas Reid, profeffor of philofog in King's college, Aberdeen, elected Pr for of Moral Philofophy in the university of G gow, May 22. in the room of Dr Adam Sm who has refigned, having gone abroad travelling governor with the Duke of cleugh.

Mr Robert Gordon, goldfmith in E burgh, Ajay-Mafter to the Mint of Scotlan

SCOTS M

ju

lation 193.

An apology for the PAXTON VOLUNTEERS

297.

POLITICS. Gen.Conway's difmiffion attributed to his parliamentary conduct 301. Anfwer 303. His difmiffion fimilar to Mr Legge's 301. Accused of ingratitude and factioufness 302. Gen. Monckton's acquittal ib. Charges against the minority 303. A letter to Mr Grenville containing political characters and anecdotes 306. The great benefit of SALT to cattle 309. SMALL FARMS deftructive 309.

VINEGAR a cure for the hydrophobia 315. A young lady fuffocated by FLOWERS 315. Proceedings in the feflion of PARLIAMENT 1762-3. Of the bill for encouraging the trade to our fugar-colonies 316. Parliamentary thanks ib. A grant for the fupport of Senegal 317. Of a threatened dearth ib. the highways ib. private madhoufes 318. the public accounts 319. and half-pay officers 320.

Two methods of propagating TREES 321. NEW BOOKS, with remarks and extracts. Shenftone's works 322. introduction to the Art of Thinking 325. Heylyn on diffimulation ib. Franklin's allegory on perfecution 326. A chronological series of tranfactions from Anderfon 327.

POETRY. Palamon, a paftoral elegy 333. The libertine repulfed ib. On feeing the infant Bishop of Ofnaburg ib. To a young lady on her finging 334. A ballad, by J. Cunningham ib. On Husband's poems printing in fheets by subscription ib. HISTORY. Entertainments at Venice for the Duke of York 334. Sir W. Johnson's treaty with the Indians 336. Refolutions of the affembly of Penfylvania 337, 8. Complaint of the British fettlers at Honduras 340. Proceedings in the East Indies 341. and of the Eaft India company 344. LISTS, &c. 350, 51, 52. Sir John Stewart's deathbed-declaration concerning the legitimacy of Arch. Stewart-Douglas, Efq; 350.

Account of a letter on the extirpation of the Small Pox, Lately published in Germany, by Dr Frederic Cafimir, phyfician at Manheim.

W®

that the fmall pox, which, by length of laft year, he has ventured to maintain, time, has acquired among us the right of a denizen, far from being a neceflary evil, and which almost all men muft undergo once in their lives, might very eafily be prevented, if, for this purpose, the fame preventives were used as are in regard to the plague. Dr Cafimir had before conceived the poflibility of being preferved from the mall pox; but he did not dare to publifh his thoughts on this fubject, and he contented himself with communicating them to a friend. But now, encouraged by the example of Dr Kraufe, he undertakes to prove, in the work of which we are speaking, 1. That it is poffible to extirpate the fmall pox; and, 2. That inoculation might be used ૨૬

with

with fuccefs for the cure of difeafes that are often incurable by every other me. thod.

I. Dr Cafimir is far from believing that the fmall pox has its origin in us from our first formation; and that it proceeds from a feed, from a poifon that we carry in our blood when we come into the world. According to him, the variolous fever is owing to the fame caufes which occafion every other inflammatory fever; and, in order to hinder the inflammation from degenerating into pus, in order to prevent the puftules and impofthumes, all that is neceflary is, to endeavour immediately to ftop the fever, and to conquer it. If the puftules appear, it is because, far from oppofing, we only think of favouring the eruption. As foon as a child who has not had the small pox, begins to be out of order, we are alarmed, and believe that it is going to have this distemper. With this view, no means are used for the cure of an indifpofition, which would have no bad confequence if it was immediately oppofed; and precious time is loft in waiting, as it is faid, to fee what will happen. The evil thus neglected, gains ground daily, and becomes the more violent, in as much as children are generally confined in very hot chambers; they are put to bed, they are overwhelmed with bed-cloaths, they are stuffed with cordials, alexipharmics, and I know not how many drugs, in order to expel the pretended variolous poifon. Instead then of lowering the fever, they induftrioufly increase it; which may be called throwing oil on the fire; and it is no wonder that by fuch management, an evil very flight in itfelf becomes a ferious malady, and that its confequences are frequently fo dreadful. In order to prove that the finall pox is no more at bottom than an inflammation, Dr Cafimir enumerates its various fymptoms; and fhews, that even thofe which appear the most remarkable, falivation, for instance, the puftules, the blackness which fometimes furrounds them, and which is thought fo bad a symptom, &c. are not owing to a particular venom, but are the natural effects of an inflammatory fever, when we have nelected to ftop its progrefs.

But, it may be faid, if the final pox

In Germany, he must mean; for in Halland, as well as in France and England, they have generally adopted, in the cure of the imall pox, the excellent method of Sydenhain and Boerhaave,

is no more than an inflammation, why are we not often attacked by it, as well as by every other inflammatory diforder? This cafe, if we may believe our author, does often happen; many people have had the fmall pox feveral times; and, which above all ought to be oblerved, this distemper frequently appears again in another form, e. g. in that of the measles, the chicken-pox, the scarlet fever, &c. The author fhews the fimilitudes between these different disorders and the final pox; and on the measles, in particular, he makes one obfervation, which he thinks new: it is, that they may be made to fuppurate, fo as in fome measure to degenerate into the small pox. For this purpose, when the eruption is made, and the pimples are all formed, there need only be given to the patient fome bark in fmall dofes: if the fever is too high, he may be made to take it with fome cooling things; and if, on the contrary, it is too low, a little opium may be substituted in the room of them. By this means the puftules, instead of growing hard, drying up, and falling off in fcales, will come to fuppuration, and will exactly refemble the fmall pox. The fecond fever, which always attends the meaîles, and which is the most danger ous, will be the fame as in the other diftemper.

But, to return, our ingenious author makes makes great use of this disease being a new one; and remarks, that, if this were a neceflary evil, whofe leaven we bring with us into the world, our anceftors would have been liable to it as well as we. Now, no mention is made of it in the works of Hippocrates and Galen, though most certainly thofe two great men were the beft obfervers of antiquity, and have defcribed all epidemical diforders with the utmost exactness. Some learned men have indeed thought, that they could difcover fome traces of the fmall pox in their writings; and Dr Cafimir is aware of what has been said on this fubject by Rhazes the Arabian †, M. de Violante ‡, and above all by M. de Hahn ; but he thinks that they have been unanfwerably confuted by the celebrated M. de Werlhoff*; and almost all the learned agree, that this malady is very modern, and that it came to us from + Meadi Opera, p. 357 358.

De Violante, de variolis, fec. 2—9.
De Hahn variolarum antiquitates, &c.
Werlhoff, de variolis et anthracibus.

the

the Egyptians and the Arabians, among whom it appeared about the beginning of the feventh century. It cannot be affirined, that no one had been attacked with it before that time; our author allows, that there may have been instances of it; but he thinks, with reafon, that they must have been very rare, as the old phyficians have not mentioned them.

After all, it is undeniable, that many nations felt not this fcourge till within thefe few years. Father Labat informs us, that it was entirely unknown to the Caribbees, in America, before the arrival of the Europeans. The Greenlanders received it from the Danes in 1734, and had never heard it mentioned before. Thofe among the Tartars who lived only on fleth and milk, were not liable to it in 1734, and perhaps are not fo yet. The Calmucks alfo are in a happy ignorance in this refpect; and the famous Mead affures us, that the natives of Cape Verd were for the first time infected with this malady in 1718 by the Europeans, who then made them this fatal prefent. If then the Caribbees, the inhabitants of Cape Verd, the Greenlanders, the Tartars, and the Calmucks, were not acquainted with the fmall pox, before we carried it to them, it is evident that it is not a neceflary evil, whose feeds are born with us. And fince our ancestors knew it not a thousand years ago, why may we not flatter ourfelves with bring ing back again thofe happy days, and with being at length totally delivered from his dreadful malady? This is what feveral able phyficians have alfo hoped. Dr Cafimir quotes, among others, the great Boerhaave *, who believed that it was not impoffible to find a method of being preferved from the fmall pox; and wished much that it was fought after, on account of the vast benefit that would from thence accrue to mankind. He conjettures, that this excellent effect might be produced by antimony and mercury, reduced by the affiftance of art to a great degree of penetrability. But experience has not justified this conjecture; and it is even found, fays our author, that mercury is very pernicious in the fmall pox. He afterwards mentions fome other methods that have been thought of; he laments their bad fuccefs; and when one expects that he would at laft relate his own, we have the mortification to fee him fuddenly ftop fhort, under a pretence that the * Boerh. Aphorif. feA. 1391.

narrow limits of a letter prevent his entering into a full detail; and that, having only intended to fhew at present the polfibility of extirpating the fmall pox, he referves his account of the method propofed, to a large work, in which he is engaged, and which he will publish very fpeedily.

II. Our author, in the fecond part of his letter, explains himself on the use that he thinks might be made of inoculation. At first, he makes the greatest elogiums on this method; he owns that it will always do honour to our age; he celebrates those who have introduced and fpread it; he fays, that "a man must be very blind, or ftrangely prejudiced, to miftake its advantages; aud he declares that he fhould not hesitate to recommend it with all his power, if after all it were not much better, not to have the finall pox in any fhape, than to have it even in the most favourable manner." But, at leaft, Dr Cafimir thinks that inoculation may be prefcribed as a means of cu ring many diforders, which baffle all other remedies. From the time of Hippocra tes to the prefent, it has been thought, that a fever coming on opportunely, might dilipate the most ferious and dangerous difeafes. Sydenham, Van Swieten, and many other physicians have proved it, and even Boerhaave has owned, that many difeafes might be cured, if they could be converted into a fever. This notion, very ingenious in itself, has occafioned a number of foolifli attempts, which ignorant and rafh physicians have made to raife a fever in patients, who were almost exhaufted, and who have been in a state almost desperate. All these attempts have only augmented the evil, becaule the fever which was invited, has refused to come.

But behold, fays our author, an infal libie and very innocent means of obtain ing it; that is, inoculation; with a certain quantity of pus, one shall always be able to excite in every fick perfon, and at any time, a falutary fever, which will justify the views of the immortal Boerhaave. Some experiments that have been already made, leave no manner of room to doubt it.

The celebrated Dr Lobb is perhaps the first to whom we owe this observation. He gives an account of a boy of twelve years old, named Greene, who, in the month of September 1729, was attacked with an irregular fever, attended with 29 2

weakness,