Exercise (1) Give the boundaries and extent of Europe.

(2) Name the principal Inland Seas.

(3) Name the Northern Countries of Europe and their capitals.

(4) Do the same for the Central Countries.

(5) Name the Southern Countries of Europe and their capitals.

5. Smaller Gulfs, &c.

(a) Skager-Rack, between Denmark and Norway. (b) Cattegat, between Denmark and Sweden. (c) Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea.

(d) Gulf of Bothnia,

(e) Gulf of Finland,

Baltic Sea.

(f) Irish Sea, between England and Ireland. (g) St. George's Channel, between Wales and Ireland.

(h) English Channel, between England and France. (i) Bay of Biscay, West of France.

All the above are on the West of Europe. (a) Gulf of Genoa, South of Northern Italy. (b) Ionian Sea, between Italy and Greece. (c) Archipelago, between Greece and Turkey in

Asia.

(d) Sea of Marmora, between Turkey in Europe, and Turkey in Asia.

All the above are in the South of Europe. Exercise (1) What Gulfs belong to Europe? (2) Which of these are in the West of Europe? (3) Which are in the South?

(4) Name the position of the Gulf of Riga.
(5) Where is the Grecian Archipelago?
6.-Straits.

Sound, between Zealand and Sweden.

Great Belt, join the Cattegat to the Baltic Sea.
Little Belt, leading into the Baltic.

Strait of Dover, between England and France.
Strait of Gibraltar, between Spain and Africa.

Strait of Bonafacio, between Corsica and Sardinia. Strait of Messina, between Italy and Sicily.

Dardanelles, between the Archipelago and the Sea of Marmora.

The Bosphorus or Strait of Constantinople, between the Sea of Marmora and the Black Sea.

Strait of Yenikale, between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azof.

Exercise (1) Name the principal Straits of Europe. (2) Where is the Strait of Gibraltar ?

(3) Where is the Strait of Dover?

(4) What separates Corsica from Sardinia?
(5) What separates Sicily from Italy.
7.-Drainage of Europe.

Divided into two great regions of drainage, the line of watershed between them running N.E. to S.W. The country N.W. of this line is drained into the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, that to the S.W. into the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas. The line of watershed runs from Cape Tarifa in Spain, to about the middle of the Ural Range. 8.-Capes.

North Cape, in Norway, on the Island of Mageroe. Nordkyn, in Norway.

Naze, in Norway.

Skaw, North of Denmark.

Cape Wrath, North of Scotland.

Land's End, South-west of England.
Cape Clear, South-west of Ireland.
La Hogue, North-west of France.

Cape Finisterre,

Cape Ortegal

North-west of Spain.

Cape Roca, in Portugal.

Cape St. Vincent, South-west of Portugal.

Tarifa Point, in Spain, most southerly point of

Europe.

Cape Passaro, South-east of Sicily.

Cape Spartivento, South of Italy.
Cape Matapan, South of Greece.

Exercise (1) How may the Drainage of Europe be divided?

(2) What are the principal Capes of Europe? (3) Where is Cape Clear?

(4) Where is Tarifa Point?

(5) Where is Cape Matapan?

9. The following Table gives the Areas of the European Seas:

Mediterranean Sea

867,000 sq.m.

Total

181,000
141,900

134,900

38,000

28,200

} 25,900

1,800,500 sq. mls. Exercise (1) What are the principal Seas of Europe ?

(2) Give the area of the largest six?

(3) Which Seas are in the North of Europe? (4) Which Seas are in the South of Europe? (5) Which Seas are in the West of Europe? 10.-Three-fourths of the Rivers of Europe empty themselves into Inland Seas.

White Sea receives the drainage } 200,000 sq. m.

of an area of

Baltic

Mediterranean

1.-Arctic Ocean: (a) Petchora, 900; (b) Mezen, 480 miles; Dwina, 760 miles; Onega, 380 miles.

2.-Baltic Sea: (a) Neva, 46 miles, important though not large; (b) Southern Dwina, 550 miles; Nieman, 400 miles; Vistula, 630 miles; Oder, 550 miles.

3.-Mediterranean Sea: Xucar, 250 miles; Ebro, 420 miles; Rhone, 400 miles; Arno, 150 miles; Tiber, 210 miles; Po, 450 miles; Adige, 250 miles; Maritza, 320 miles.

4.-Black Sea: Danube, 1,630 miles; Dniester, 700 miles; Dnieper, 1,200 miles; Don, 1,100; Couban, 480 miles.

5.—Caspian Sea: Volga, 2,200 miles; Ural, 1,150 miles; Terek, 300 miles.

6. Arctic and Atlantic: Glommen, 400 miles; Elbe, 690 miles; Weser, 380 miles; Rhine, 760 miles; Meuse, 550 miles; Seine, 430 miles; Garonne, 350 miles; Minho, 200 miles; Douro, 460 miles; Tagus, 510 miles; Guadiana, 450 miles; and Guadalquiver, 290 miles.

Exercise (1) Into what Seas do the European Rivers flow?

(2) Give the Drainage into the Arctic Ocean. (3) Give the Drainage into the Baltic Sea. (4) Give the Drainage into the Mediterranean Sea. (5) Give the Drainage into the Black Sea. 12-Islands.

Arctic Ocean: Nova Zembla and Spitzbergen. Atlantic Ocean: Iceland, Great Britain (the largest in Europe) and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and the Azores.

Baltic Sea: Zealand, Funen, Eland, Bornholm, and Gothland.

Mediterranean Sea: Balearic Islands, Corsica, Archipelago, Sardinia, and Malta.

Area of European Islands, between 150,000 sq. and 160,000 sq. mls.

mls.

Exercise (1) Which are the principal Islands of Europe?

(2) Which of these are in the Arctic Ocean?

(3) Which of these are in the Mediterranean Sea? (4) Which of these are in the Baltic Sea ?

(5) Which of these are in the Atlantic Ocean? 13.-Lakes.

Area, about 31,000 sq. mls.

Two groups-1. Baltic. 2, Alpine System.

(II.) Alpine System.

1. Geneva (24) sq. mis.); 2. Neuchatel (115 sq. mls.); 3. Lucerne (99 sq. mls.); 4. Zurich (76 sq. mls.); 5. Constance (228 sq. mls.); 6. Thun (22 sq. mls.); 7. Brienz (15 sq. mls.), all in Switzerland.

Neusiedler See (150 sq. mls.); Balaton See (250 sq. mls.), in Hungary.

Lake Maggiore (152 sq. mls.); Como (66 sq. mls.); and Garda (183 sq. mls.), in Italy.

Skutaria (170 sq. mls.); Ochrida, (100 sq. mls.) and Janina (30 sq. mls.), in Turkey.