Peritoneum.....The inner rine of the belly, which is joyned to the cawll, and wherewith all the entrailes are covered. Nomenclator.

The thin rine like a skin that riseth on the uppermost part of hotte milke, or other liquors when they thicken. Ibid.

RING, in marriage. At present the ring is given to the woman only, but the following passage seems to imply a mutual interchange of rings on that occasion.

A contract of eternal bond of love,

Confirm'd by mutual joindure of your hands,
Attested by the holy close of lips,
Strengthened by enterchangement of your rings,
And all the ceremony of this compact,
Seal'd in my function, by my testimony.

Twelfth N., v, 1. It is not true, however, as Mr. Steevens has asserted, that this appears in our ancient marriage ceremony. No such thing has been found by our most diligent inquirers; nor any confirmation of it, beyond an expression in a book of heraldry, no older than 1725, of "the rings married people gave one another," which might be mere carelessness of writing. But in France such was once the custom: "Dans le diocèse de Bourdeaux, on donnoit, comme en Orient, au futur époux et à la future épouse, chacun un anneau en les épousant;" and the Rituel de Bourdeaux is cited to support it. Traité des Superstitions. See Brand's Pop. Ant., 4to, ii, 29,

note.

RING, CRACK'D IN, or WITHIN THE. Flawed in such a manner at the circumference, as to diminish or destroy its value; applied to money, and to ordnance.

Pray God your voice, like a piece of uncurrent gold,
be not crack'd within the ring.
Haml., ii, 2.
B. Jons. Magn. Lady.

Light gold, and crack'd within the ring.

+RING-FALLER.

A person who dropped fictitious rings, for the purpose of selling the "half part," supposing a person found it who considered it of value. He is described in the Fraternitye of Vacabondes, 1575. RING-MAN, s. The third finger, which is the ring-finger of the hand.

When a man shooteth, the might of his shoote lyeth
on the foremost finger, and on the ring-man; for the
middle, which is the longest, like a lubber starteth
back.
Asch. Tor., p. 137.

Though I have not found this expression elsewhere, it seems that it must have been common, at least among archers, by the familiar manner in which Ascham introduces it. Sir Tho. Brown has a whole chapter on this finger of the left hand, which he thus begins:

An opinion there is which magnifies the fourth finger of the left hand, presuming therein a cordial relation, that a particular vessel, nerve, or artery, is conferred thereto from the heart, and therefore that especially hath the honour to bear our rings. Which not only the Christians practise in nuptial contracts, but observed by heathens, as Alexander ab Alexandro, &c., &c., have delivered. Pseudodoxia, IV, iv.

He, however, contests the fact of such communication with the heart, by anatomical discussion; and gives, from Macrobius, a much better reason for the choice of this finger, on either hand.

TRIOTIZE s. Living in a riotous man

ner.

There helplesse to bewaile in wofull wise
His lavish will and wanton riotize.

Niccols Beggars Ape, c. 1607.
The uprore flowes apace, clamors arise
From all parts of the fort: to the kinges eare
They come at last, who with the warders cryes
Astonisht, to the tumult preaseth neere,
Thinking t'appease the broyle and riotyze.

Haywood's Troia Britanica, 1609.

have lost their virtue :

Come to he married to my lady's woman,
After she's crack'd in the ring. B. and Fl. Captain.
In a passage of the Gesta Grayorum
(p. 54) it is applied to ordnance:

His higliness' master of the ordnance claimes to have all pecces gul'd in the touch-hole or broken within the ringe. Progr. of Eliz., vol. ii. And Howell explains the ring of a cannon to be the part that encircles the mouth: "L'embraseure autour de la bouche." Vocab., § xliv, 5 pag. A crack there would certainly render it unserviceable.

Yet must you have a little rip beside
Of willow twigs, the finest you can wish.

Lauson's Secrets of Angling, 1652. In a state ready for any parRIPE, a. ticular act; as reeling-ripe, in a state of intoxication fit for reeling.

Trinculo is reeling-ripe.

Temp., v, 1.

Here it is used for the participle riven:

That seem'd a marble rocke asunder could have rive. Spens. F. Q., V, xi, 5. †RIVELED. Wrinkled, shrunk.

I'll give thee tackling made of riveld gold,
Wound on the barks of odoriferous trees.
Dido Queen of Carthage, 1594.
Close unto him on his left hand went Grumbates king

plain fact, asserted there by Mr. Malone.

It has been thought that roan, as the colour of a horse, was derived from this name; but Minshew gives roan as a French word, in that sense; and Menage confirms it, saying, “Roan, ou Rouan, comme quand on dit cheval roan;" and he derives it from the Italian roano, which, he says, has the same meaning. So delusive is conjectural etymology!

age, and with riveled hims, but carrying with him a brave mind, and ennobled for the ensignes of many goodly victories. Ammianus Marcellinus, 1609.

RIVO. An exclamation frequently used in Bacchanalian revelry; but from what derived does not appear.

Riro, says the drunkard.
1 Hen. IV, ii, 4.
Yet to endear ourselves to thy lean acquaintance, cry
rito-hogh! laugh and be fat.

Blurt Master Constable, B 3 b.
Sing, sing, or stay; we'll quaff, or any thing;
Hiro, saint Mark! Marston's What you will, act ii.
Then there's my chub, my epicure, Quadratus,
That rubs his guts, claps his paunch, and cries
Rivo.
Ibid., act iv, Anc. Dr, ii, 264.

It is sometimes joined with Castiliano, which suggests the idea of its being from the Spanish:

Hey rivo, Castiliano, a man's a man.
Jew of Malta, O. Pl., viii, 377.
And rivo he will ery, and Castile too.

Look about you, cited by Steevens.

See CASTILIAN. Mr. Gifford conjectures that it may come from the Spanish rio, a river, which he says was figuratively used for a large quantity of liquor. Massing., vol. ii, p. 167. This wants confirmation. Rio is also the first person, present tense, of reyr, to laugh, in Spanish, which might do as well. But whence the v? We want a Spanish interjection of this form. ROAN. The town of Rouen, in France, which was so spelt and spoken here in the 16th century.

In France, eight leagues from Paris Pontoise stands, "Tweene that and Roane, which we had won before. Mirr. Mag., 489.

It is spelt Roan, and employed as a monosyllable, wherever it is mentioned in 1 Henry VI, iii, 2, and other parts of that play; as,

Now, Roan, I'll shake thy bulwarks to the ground.

Loc. cit.

cant name for the bullying bucks of Ben Jonson's time. Like the mohocks of Addison's day, they delighted in annoying quiet people.

And whilst you do judge 'twixt valour and noise,
To extinguish the race of the roaring boys.

B. Jons., vi, p. 90.

Kastril, the angry boy, in Jonson's Alchemist, is a specimen of this kind of personage. The character of a roaring boy is drawn at full length by sir Thos. Overbury. Char. 52. Quarrelling was one great part of his business, and therefore it is said of him, "He sleepes with a tobaccopipe in 's mouth; and his first prayer i' th' morning is, he may remember whom he fell out with over night." Sign. M 2.

The loudest roarer, as our city phrase is,
Will speak calm and smooth.

Rowley's Wonder, act i, Anc. Dr., v, 238. A very unthrift, master Thorney; one of the country roaring lads; we have such, as well as the city, and as arrant rakehells as they are, though not so nimble at their prizes of wit. Witch of Edmonton, i, 2. We meet with one roaring girl, but luckily only one, called also Moll Cutpurse. See FRITH, MARY.

+Or worst of all, like roarers they abuse them:
When as they rend good bookes to light and dry
Tobacco (Englands bainefull diety).

Taylor's Workes, 1630. +Hels pantominicks, that themselves bedights, Like shamelesse double sex'd hermaphrodites, Virago roaring girles, that to their middle, To know what sexe they were, was halfe a riddle. +ROARING-MEG. A name for a cannon.

Ibid.

Beates downe a fortresse like a roaring Meg.
Whiting's Albino and Bellama, 1638.
To spend thy dayes in peacefull whip-her-ginny.
Thy name and voice, more fear'd then Guy of
Warwick,

Or the rough rumbling, roaring Meg of Barwicke.
We should do somewhat, if we once were rouzed,
And (being lowsie) we might then be lowsed.

If't be your happinesse a nymph to shrive,
Your anagramme is here imperative,
Or to yourselfe, or others, when they boast
Of dainty cates, and afterwards cry roast.

Lenton's Innes of Court Anagrammatist, 1634. To rule the roast, to take the lead, to domineer.

Jhon, duke of Burgoyn, which ruled the rost, and
governed both kyng Charles the Frenche kyng, and
his whole realme.
Hall, 1548.
However to content him, he gave him full power to
rule the roast in his counsels at home as he pleas'd
himself. But notwithstanding this great authority
which was put into his hands, the palatine was not
satisfi'd, but fum'd and foam'd because he was not
made Archithalassus.

The Pagan Prince, 1690. To smell of the roast, to be prisoners.

My souldiers were slayne fast before mine owne eyes,
Or forc'd to flie, yeelde, and smell of the rost.
Mirour for Magistrates.

To ROAT.

ROB.
fruit.

See ROTE.

A thick jelly made from

The rob of ribes.-The rob, that is, the juyce of the berries, boyled with a third part, or somewhat more, of sugar added unto it, till it become thick, and so preserved, is for all the aforesaid purposes preferred before the raw berries themselves, except for such as are of a very cholerick and ardent temperature. Venner's Via Recta, 1637. +ROB-O-DAVY, or ROB-DAVY. popular name for metheglin.

Liatica or Corsica could not

From their owne bearing breeding bounds be got.
Peter-se-mea, or head-strong Charnico,
Sherry, nor Rob-o-Dary here could flow.

A

The French frontiniacke, claret, red nor white, Graves nor high-country, could our hearts delight. Taylor's Workes, 1630. ROBIN GOOD-FELLOW. See PUCK. ROBIN RUDDOCK. Robin red-breast. Dyd you ever see two suche little Robin ruddockes, So laden with breeches?

Damon and Pith., O. Pl., i, 219.

Drest like a lawyer's wife, amongst them all.
(I lent him clothes) but to see him behave it,
And lay the law, and carve and drink unto 'em, &c.
M. They say he's an ingenious youth.

E. O, sir! and dresses himself the best! beyond
Forty o' your very ladies! did you ne'er see him?

Devil's an Ass, ii, 7, vol. iv, p. 53.

ROCHET, S. A linen vest, like a surplice, worn by bishops, under their satin robe. The word, it is true, is not obsolete, nor the thing disused, but it is little known, and therefore deserves explanation. Nichols says, "The rochet was an ancient garment used by the bishop. In the barbarous Latinity it was called rochetum, being

derived from the German word ruck,
which signifies the back, as being a
covering for that." Introd. to Morn.
Here are two small
Prayer, folio.
errors. The German word is rock
(not ruck), and signifies an upper gar-
ment, Tevdurny. See Du Cange in
ἐπενδύτην.
Roccus.

The bishops donn'd their albes and copes of state,
Above their rochets, button'd fair before.
Fairf. Tasso, xi, 4.

ROCK, s. A distaff; that is, the staff on which the flax was held, when spinning was performed without a wheel; or the corresponding part of the spinning-wheel. Rocke, or spinrocke, Dutch; rocken, Germ. Johnson unnecessarily goes to the Danish for it.

Hands off, with gentle warning,
Lest I you knock, with Nancy's rock,

And teach you a little learning.

Song of Mine own sweet Nan, Wit's Interp., 56. The word is not relinquished by poets of any age; it even occurs in the very modern song of the Spinningwheel. See Johnson, for Rock-day. See DISTAFF, SAINT. RODOMONT. A famous hero in Ariosto, from whose name we derive several words. He was king of Algier, who is first introduced in the muster of the Saracenic forces against the Paladins, in the 14th book of the Orlando Furioso. He is thus described:

In all the campe was not a man more stout,
In all the campe was not a man more strong;
Nor one of whom the French stood more in doubt
Was there the Turkish armie all among,

In Agramant's, nor in Marsilio's rout,
Nor all the followers did to them belong:
Besides he was (which made them dred him chiefe)
The greatest enemie to our belief.

Harington's Transl., xiv, 23.
He has much business in the sub-
sequent cantos, and is at last slain by
Rogero.

His name is generally used to stigmatise a boaster:

He vapoured; but being pretty sharply admonished, he quickly became mild and calm, a posture ill becoming such a Rodomont.

Sir T. Herbert, cited by Todd. Ben Jonson uses the expression of “a rodomont fashion," for a bragging manner. Hence also we have Rodomontade, v. and s., &c.

ROGERIAN, 8. A name for a wig. In one of Hall's Satires, a courtier

takes off his hat, and the wind blows away his wig:

He lights, and runs, and quickly hath him sped,
To overtake his over-running head.

The sportfull winde, to mocke the headlesse man,
Tosses apace his pitch'd rogerian.

B. iii, Sat. 5.

Probably a very temporary term, as I do not find any other example of it. +To ROGUE. To call a rogue.

It may bee thou wast put in office lately,
Which makes thee rogue me so, and rayle so stately.
Taylor's Workes, 1630.

ROISTER, s. A rioter.

If he not reeke what ruffian roisters take his part,
He weeldes unwisely then the mace of Mars in hand.
Mirr. for Mag., p. 484.
ROISTING, a. Bullying, defying.

I have a roisting challenge sent amongst
The dull and factious nobles of the Greeks,
Will strike amazement to their drowsy spirits.
Tro. and Cr., ii, 2.
But busy fault-finder, and saucy withall,
Is roisting like ruffian, no manner at all.

Tusser, Table Lessons.

Lest she should by some roisting courtier be stolen away. Lyly's Mother Bombie, A 3. To ROIST, v., was also used for to bully, or riot.

Thou revelling didst roist it out,
And mad'st of all an end.

Kendall's Poems, C 1.
In peace at home, they swear, stare, foist, roist, fight,
and jar.
Mirr. Mag., p. 483.

ROISTERER is used by later authors.
See Johnson.

To ROMAGE, v. It appears that to romage, or rummage, was originally a sea term, and meant, according to Phillips and Kersey, "To remove any goods, or luggage, from one place to another; especially to clear the ship's hold of any goods." No other derivation of it is therefore required or probable, but from room, to make room, or roomage, or roomth. This explains what has been quoted from Hackluyt:

The ships growne foule, unroomaged, and scarcely
able to beare any sail.
Vol. ii, 3.

That is, they were not only foul, but
had never had their cargo properly
stowed, and therefore could hardly
carry sail. In another place, the

same author mentions that "the mariners were romaging their ships;" i. e., they were setting them to rights. ROMAGE, s. Only another way of writing rummage, which is still common as a verb, though not perhaps as a substantive; tumultuous movement.

The source of this our watch, and the chief head Of this post-haste, and romage in the land.

Haml., i, 1.

ROMISH.

A saucy stranger, in his court to mart,
As in a Romish stew.

Cymb., i, 7. Glapthorne's Wit in a Constable. We now use it only in the phrases Romish church, Romish religion, and the like.

A Romish cirque, or Grecian hippodrome.

+RONDELS. The staves, or cross-bars, of a ladder.

Scholers and souldiers must entertaine resolution to beare with all inconveniences and tarry the time of preferment: for otherwise, if either start back, as wearied with some hindrances, he is anew to beginne againe. Yea peradventure in as ill a case, as bee, that goes up a ladder, but slippeth off the rondells, or when one breakes, falls downe in great danger. Rich Cabinet furnished with Varietie of Excellent Discriptions, 1616.

RONDURE, or ROUNDURE. Roundcircumference; rondeur,

ness, or French.

K. John, ii, 1.

'Tis not the roundure of your old fac'd walls Can hide you from our messengers of war. The first folio has rounder. With April's first-born flowers, and all things rare, That heaven's air in this hugie rondure hems. Sh. Sonnet, 21. And fill the sacred roundure of mine eares With tunes more sweet. Old Fortunatus, 1600, A 4 b. RONE. The name of Arthur's spear. The bigness and the length of Rone, his noble spear. Drayt. Polyolb., iv, p. 733.

See EXCALIBOUR. +RONT.

Being in a great swound, she had fallen to the ground backward; but downe they burst the windows for ayre, and there was no little boot to bid ront, shee was nine or ten dayes ere she recovered that fit.

Armin's Nest of Ninnies, 1608.

RONYON, 8. A mangy, or scabby animal; rogneux, French.

Out of my doors, you witch! you hag, you baggage,
Merr. W. W., iv, 2.
you poulcat, you ronyon.
Aroint thee, witch, the rumpfed ronyon cries.
Macb., i, 3.

See ROYNISH.
ROOD, 8. The cross, or crucifix; rode,
Saxon.

You may jest on, but, by the holy rood,
I do not like these several councils, I.

Rich. III, iii, 2.