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entered upon mercantile business.

He ed autobiography, completed by his son, Winslow Cossoul Watson, was published in 1855 under the title of Men and Times of the Revolution. Among his published writings were a History of the Western Canals of New York; a History of the Modern Agricultural Societies; Agricultural Societies on the Modern Berkshire System, etc.

was with Colonel Monckton in Nova Scotia in 1755, and was at the siege of Louisburg in 1758, having in charge Wolfe's division, as commissary. In 1759 he settled as a merchant in London, and afterwards in Montreal. Just before the Revolutionary War he visited several of the colonies, with false professions of political friendship for them, as a Whig. A Watson, FORT, CAPTURE OF. Upon an friend of Sir Guy Carleton, he was made ancient tumulus, almost 50 feet high, on his commissary general in America in the borders of Scott's Lake (an expansion 1782, and from 1784 to 1793 he was mem- of the Santee River), a few miles below ber of Parliament for London. He was the junction of the Congaree and Wateree, sheriff of London and Middlesex, and in the British built Fort Watson, named in 1796 was lord mayor. For his services compliment to Colonel Watson, who proin America, Parliament voted his wife an annuity of $2,000 for life. From 1798 to 1806 he was commissary-general of England. He died Oct. 2, 1807.

Watson, DAVID KEMPER, lawyer; born in Madison county, O., June 18, 1849; graduated at Dickinson College in 1871; appointed assistant United States attorney for the southern district of Ohio; attorney-general of Ohio in 1887-89; member of Congress in 1895-97; appointed by President McKinley on the commission to revise and codify the civil penal laws of the United States. He is the author of History of American Coinage; Early Judiciary; Early Laws and Bar of Ohio, etc.

Watson, EBENEZER, editor; born in Bethlehem, Conn., in 1744. He was for several years editor and publisher of The Courant; and after his death in Hartford, Conn., Sept. 16, 1777, his second wife, HANNAH BUNCE, conducted the paper, probably the first woman who edited a newspaper in this country.

Watson, ELKANAH, agriculturist; born in Plymouth, Mass., Jan. 22, 1758; was apprenticed in 1773 to John Brown, a merchant in Providence, R. I., who in 1775 sent him with a large quantity of powder to Washington for use in the siege of Boston. At the age of twenty-one (1779) he was made bearer of despatches by Congress to Dr. Franklin, in Paris. He visited Michigan and explored the lake region, and also a route to Montreal, with a view to opening some improved way for its commercial connection with New York and Boston. In 1828 he settled at Port Kent, on the west side of Lake Champlain, where he died, Dec. 5, 1842. His unfinish

jected it. In April, 1781, it was garrisoned by eighty regulars and forty loyalists, under the command of Lieutenant McKay, when Marion and Lee appeared before it and demanded its surrender. Colonel Watson was on his way from Georgetown with a large force to assist McKay, and the latter promptly defied Marion and Lee. The latter had no cannon, and the stockade was too high to be seriously affected by small-arms. Lieutenant Maham, of Marion's brigade, planned and built a tower of logs sufficiently high to overlook the stockade, with a parapet at the top for the defence of sharpshooters placed therein. This work was accomplished during a dark night, and at dawn the garrison was awakened by a shower of bullets from a company of riflemen on the top of the tower. Another party ascended the mound and attacked the abatis with vigor. Resistance was vain. The fort, untenable, was surrendered (April 23), and, with the garrison as prisoners, Marion pushed northward to the High Hills of Santee.

Watson, HENRY CLAY, author; born in Baltimore, Md., in 1831; removed to Philadelphia, Pa., and engaged in journalism; was connected with the North American, and the Evening Journal; later removed to Sacramento, where he edited the Times. He wrote Camp-fires of the Revolution; Nights in a Block-house; Old Bell of Independence; The Yankee Teapot; Lives of the Presidents of the United States; Heroic Women of History, etc. He died in Sacramento, Cal., July 10, 1869.

Watson, JOHN CRITTENDEN, naval officer; born in Frankfort, Ky., Aug. 24,

(1832), and Historic Tales of the Olden Times in Philadelphia (1833). He also left manuscript annals in the Philadelphia Library. He died in Germantown, Pa., Dec. 23, 1860.

Watson, JOHN TADWELL, military officer; born in London, England, in 1748; entered the 3d Foot Guards in 1767; became lieutenant and captain in 1778. He undertook the destruction of Gen. Francis Marion's brigade in 1781, and after several skirmishes fled to Georgetown. He became colonel in 1783, and general in 1808. He died in Calais, France, June 11, 1826.

Watson, PAUL BARRON, author; born in Morristown, N. J., March 25, 1861; graduated at Harvard College in 1881; admitted to the bar in 1885, and prac tised in Boston. He published a Bibliography of the Pre-Columbian Discoveries of America.

1842; graduated at the United States Tales of the Olden Times in New York Military Academy in 1860; served in the Civil War, being present at the passage of Forts Jackson and St. Philip and the Vicksburg batteries; took part in the battle of Mobile Bay, etc.; promoted lieutenant-commander, July 25, 1866; captain, March 6, 1887; and commodore, Nov. 7, 1897. On June 27, 1898, he was appointed chief of the Eastern Squadron, which was originally organized for the purpose of intercepting the Spanish fleet under Admiral Camara, which it was supposed had sailed for the United States under orders to devastate the coast cities and to cooperate with Admiral Cervera. This Spanish fleet for several weeks was variously reported as being at the Cape Verde Islands and at other points near the American seaboard, and at one time it started to go through the Suez Canal and to Manila Bay for the purpose of attacking Dewey's fleet. After the destruction of Cervera's fleet it was reported in the Watson, THOMAS E., lawyer; born in United States that Commodore Watson Columbia county, Ga., Sept. 5, 1856; adhad received orders to proceed with all mitted to the bar in 1875 and practised haste to the Spanish coast and to begin in Thomson, Ga.; member of the Georgia offensive operations there. This avowed legislature in 1882-83; and of Congress purpose on the part of the United States (as a Populist) in 1891-93. During the government, taken in connection with the latter period he had a bill passed granting destruction of Cervera's fleet and the sur- the first appropriation for the free delivery render of the Spanish army at Santiago, of mail in rural districts. In 1896 he was led the Spanish government to authorize nominated for Vice-President of the Unitthe French ambassador in Washington to ed States by the Populist convention in make overtures for peace. He was St. Louis. He is the author of The Story promoted rear-admiral, March 3, 1899; of France, and the Life of Thomas Jefwas commander-in-chief of the Asiatic ferson. Station from June 15, 1899, to April 19, 1900; and was appointed president of the naval examining board, Oct. 15, 1900.

Watson, WINSLOW COSSOUL, author; born in Albany, N. Y., Dec. 22, 1803. He published Pioneer History of the Champlain Valley, Giving an Account of the Settlement of the Town of Willsboro, by William Gilliland, together with his Journal and Other Papers, and a Memoir; The History of Essex County, N. Y., and Military Annals of Ticonderoga and Crown Point, etc.

Watson, JOHN FANNING, historian; born in Burlington county, N. J., June 13, 1779; was a clerk in the War Department in 1798, and afterwards went to New Orleans, where, in 1804, he was purveyor of subsistence for the United States troops stationed there. Returning to Philadelphia, he was a bookseller there for Watterson, HENRY, journalist; born in many years. From 1814 until 1847 he was Washington, D. C., Feb. 16, 1840; recashier of a bank in Germantown, and ceived a private education; was a staff afterwards was treasurer of a railroad officer in the Confederate army during the company. He was an industrious delver Civil War. After the war he engaged in antiquarian lore, and in 1830 he pub in journalism; became editor of the Loulished Annals of Philadelphia. In 1846 isville Courier - Journal. He is the auhe published Annals of New York City and thor of History of the Spanish-American State. He had already published Historic War; Abraham Lincoln, etc.

Watts,

FREDERICK, military officer; Wauhatchie, BATTLE OF. When Genborn in Wales, June 1, 1719; emigrated to eral Grant arrived at Chattanooga and the United States and settled in Cumberland county, Pa., in 1760. He served in the Revolutionary War as lieutenant-colonel, and had command of the battalion that was assigned to Cumberland county. At the surrender of Fort Washington this division was captured. After his exchange be was made a justice of the peace; a representative in the Assembly in 1779; sub-lieutenant of Cumberland county in 1780; commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers in 1782; and was a member of the supreme executive council in 178790. He died on his farm on Juniata River, Oct. 3, 1795.

Watts, JOHN, legislator; born in New York City, April 16, 1715; married a daughter of Stephen De Lancey in July, 1742; represented New York City in the Provincial Assembly for many years, and

⚫ was

a member of the council eighteen years (1757–75), when, taking sides with the crown, he went to England. His property was confiscated; but the most valuable part of it was afterwards reconveyed to his sons, Robert and John, in July, 1784. He died in Wales in August, 1789. Watts, STEPHEN, lawyer; born about 1743; graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1762; admitted to the bar in Philadelphia in 1769; removed to Louisiana in 1774; later became recorder of deeds of the English settlements on the Mississippi. He wrote an essay on Reciprocal Advantage of a Perpetual Union betireen Great Britain and Her American Colonies, which was published in 1766. He died in Louisiana in 1788.

Watts, THOMAS HILL, legislator; born in Butler county, Ala., Jan. 3, 1820; graduated at the University of Virginia in 1840; admitted to the bar and began practice in his native city; elected to the State legislature in 1842 and to the State Senate in 1853; and represented Montgomery county in the State convention of 1861. He entered the Confederate service as colonel at the beginning of the Civil War; resigned his post in 1862 after the battle of Shiloh, in which he greatly distinguished himself, on being appointed Attorney-General in President Davis's cabinet; and was elected governor of Alabama in 1863. He died in Montgomery, Ala., Sept. 16, 1892.

took chief command, Oct. 23, 1863, he saw the necessity of opening a more direct way to that post for its supplies. General Hooker, who had been sent with a large force under Howard and Slocum from Virginia, was then at Bridgeport, on the Tennessee, and Grant ordered him to cross that stream and advance to the Lookout Valley and menace Bragg's left. He did so, and reached Wauhatchie, in that valley, on the 28th, after some sharp skir mishing. Being anxious to hold the road leading from Lookout Valley to Kelly's Ferry, Hooker sent General Geary to encamp at Wauhatchie. Hooker's movements had been keenly watched by McLaws's division of Longstreet's corps, then holding Lookout Mountain. McLaws swept down the rugged hills and struck Geary's small force at 1 A.M., on Oct. 29, hoping to crush it and capture Hooker's whole army. The attack was made with great fury on three sides of the camp, while batteries on the mountain-sides sent down screaming shells.

Geary was not surprised. He met the assailants with a steady, deadly fire. Hearing the noise of battle, Hooker sent General Schurz's division of Howard's corps to Geary's assistance. The Confederates were repulsed after a sharp battle of three hours. They fled, leaving 150 of their number dead on Geary's front; also 100 prisoners and several hundred small-arms. The National loss was 416 killed and wounded. This result secured a safe communication for supplies for the Nationals between Bridgeport and Chattanooga. An amusing incident occurred during the battle. When it began, about 200 mules, frightened by the noise, dashed into the ranks of Wade Hampton's legion and produced a great panic. The Confederates supposed it to be a charge of Hooker's cavalry, and fell back at first in some confusion. The incident inspired a mock-heroic poem, in six stanzas, in imitation of Tennyson's Charge of the Light Brigade at Balaklava, one verse of which was as follows:

"Mules to the right of them--
Mules to the left of them-
Mules all behind them-

Pawed, neighed, and thundered;

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Breaking their own confines

Breaking through Longstreet's lines,
Testing chivalric spines,

Into the Georgia lines

Stormed the two hundred."

Andover Theological Seminary in 1816; was instructor there for four years; ordained in the Baptist Church, and became pastor of the First Baptist church Wayland, FRANCIS, educator; born in in Boston, Mass., in 1821; was professor New York City, March 11, 1796; gradu- in Union College in 1826; president of ated at Union College in 1813; studied Brown University in 1827-55; pastor of medicine for three years; entered the the First Baptist church in Providence,

R. I., in 1855; and author of Thoughts on Hudson, in July, 1779, was one of the the Present Collegiate System of the United States; Domestic Slavery Considered as a Spiritual Institution, etc. He died in Providence, R. I., Sept. 30, 1865.

most brilliant achievements of the war. In that attack he was wounded in the head, and Congress gave him a vote of thanks and a gold medal. In June, 1781, Wayne joined Lafayette in Virginia, where he performed excellent service until the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown.

Wayne, ANTHONY, military officer; born in Easttown, Chester co., Pa., Jan. 1, 1745. His grandfather, who came to After the surrender, the Pennsylvania America in 1722, was commander of a line, under Wayne, marched to South squadron of dragoons under William III. Carolina, and their commander, with a at the battle of the Boyne, in Ireland. part of them, was sent by General Greene Anthony, after receiving a good English to Georgia. On May 21, 1782, Colonel education in Philadelphia, was appointed Brown marched out of Savannah in a land agent in Nova Scotia, where he re- strong force to confront rapidly advancing mained a year. Returning, he married, Wayne. The latter got between Brown and until 1774 was a farmer and sur- and Savannah, attacked him at midnight, veyor in Pennsylvania. He was a mem- and routed the whole party. This event ber of the Pennsylvania legislature in occurred on the Ogeechee road, about 4

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These

The van1774-75; and in September of the latter miles southwest of Savannah. year he raised the 4th Regiment, of the guard of the Americans was composed of Pennsylvania line, and was appointed sixty horsemen and twenty infantry, led colonel in January, 1776. He went with by Col. Anthony Walton White. his regiment to Canada; was wounded in made a spirited charge, killing or woundthe battle of Three Rivers; and in Febru- ing forty of the British and making ary, 1777, was made brigadier-general. In twenty of them prisoners. The sword and the battle of Brandywine, in September, bayonet did the work. The Americans lost he was distinguished; and nine days after five killed and two wounded. On June wards he was surprised in the night near 24 a part of Wayne's army, lying about the Paoli Tavern, on the Lancaster road, 5 miles from Savannah, was fiercely atin Pennsylvania, when his command was tacked by a body of Creek Indians, who much cut up, but the remainder retreat- first drove the troops and took two pieces ed in safety. He led the right wing of of artillery; but they were soon utterly the army in the attack at Germantown, routed by a spirited charge. The brief and was slightly wounded. In the battle battle fought hand-to-hand with of Monmouth he was very distinguished; swords, bayonets, and tomahawks, and and his capture of Stony Point, on the fourteen Indians and two white men were

was

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