FALLOPIO, Gabriel, fal-lo'-pe-o, an eminent physician and anatomist, who discovered the tubes of the uterus FALKENSTEIN, fal'-ken-stine, a town of Saxony, which bear his name. He was professor of anatomy, 12 miles from Planen. Manf. Muslin-weaving; and first at Pisa, and afterwards at Padua, where he died there are iron-mines in the neighbourhood. Pop. in 1563. B. at Modena, 1420. His works were printed 3,500. in 3 vols. folio, at Venice, in 1584.

FARADAY, Michael, far-a-dai, a distinguished English chemist and natural philosopher, who was, at first, FALU, or FALHUN, fal'-hoon, a province of Sweden. apprenticed to the trade of bookbinding, but whose Area, 12,232 square miles. Desc. Mountainous, grow-mechanical genius and talent for investigation procured ing little corn, but much timber. Cattle-rearing is followed to a great extent, although most of the inhabitants are occupied with mining-works. Pop. 152,000. Lat. between 59° 52′ and 62° 16' N. Lon. between 12° and 17° E.

Fareham

FAREHAM, fair-ham, a seaport-town of Hampshire, 5 miles from Gosport. It stands at the north-west extremity of Portsmouth harbour, and is resorted to for sea-bathing. Manf. Ropes and earthenware, and it has shipbuilding-docks, and a trade in corn, coals, and timber. Pop. 6,000. A station on the South-western Railway.

FAREL, William, fur-el, a Protestant divine, who studied at Paris; but having embraced the Reformed religion, he left France and settled at Geneva, where he laboured with great zeal against popery, and was there the chief person in establishing the Reformation. He was banished thence, with Calvin, in 1538, for refusing to submit to the synod of Berne. Farel then settled at Neufchâtel, where he died in 1565. B. in Dauphiné, 1489.-His writings are few.

FAREWELL, CAPE, fair-wel', the south point of West Greenland. Lat. 59° 37' N. Lon. 42° 42′ W.-Also a cape on the south-west coast of East Greenland. Lat. 59° 38' N. Lon. 42° 45' W.

FARIA DE SOUSA, Emanuel, fa-re-a dai soo'-sa, a Portuguese knight, who wrote a "History of Portugal" to the reign of Henry Cardinal, a "History of the Portuguese Dominions in Europe, Asia, and Africa," and some other works. D. at Madrid, 1650.

FARINELLI, far-e-nel'-le, a distinguished Neapolitan vocalist, whose real name is said to have been Carlo Broschi. He studied under Prossora at Rome, whence he went to Vienna, where he became a great favourite with Charles VI, who loaded him with riches and presents. In 1734 he visited London, and, by the captivating power of his melody, drew all who could afford to hear him. So great was the attraction of his voice,

that Handel was forced to dismiss a rival company, over which he was presiding, notwithstanding his own immense popularity. His influence over the musical sympathies of his audiences seems never to have been equalled. B. at Naples, 1705.

FARLEY, far-le, two parishes in England, neither of them with a population above 1,000.

FARMER, Hugh, far-mer, a learned dissenting divine, who wrote "An Inquiry into the Nature and Design of our Lord's Temptation in the Wilderness," 8vo, in which he considered that event as a divine vision, representing the different scenes of our Saviour's future ministry. It was answered by several writers. In 1771 he published his "Dissertation on Miracles." His next publication was an "Essay on the Demoniacs of the New Testament," which he maintains to have been natural diseases. This work was replied to by Dr. Worthington and Mr. Fell: to the former Mr. Farmer returned a temperate answer, but on the other he was unmercifully severe. His last performance was entitled "The General Prevalence of the Worship of Human Spirits in the Ancient Heathen Nations, asserted and proved." This was also attacked by Mr. Fell, in an acute and learned treatise, in 1785. In the same year Mr. Farmer was almost deprived of his sight; but was relieved by a surgical operation, and enabled to pursue his studies. B. at Shrewsbury, 1714; D. at Walthamstow, 1787.- He directed his executors to burn his papers; but some of his letters, and fragments of a dissertation on the story of Balaam, were published in 1804, with his life prefixed.

Farnese

logy possessed by the immortal bard, was drawn from translations. In 1775 Mr. Farmer was chosen master of his college, and took his degree of D.D. He also became chancellor and prebendary of Lichfield, librarian to the university of Cambridge, and prebendary of Canterbury, which last situation he resigned for a residentiaryship of St. Paul's. He collected ample materials for a history of Leicester; but these, with the plates, he gave to Mr. Nichols, for the use of his history of that county. B. at Leicester, 1735; D. 1797. -His collection of scarce and curious books was sold by auction.

FARMINGTON, far-ming-ton, the name of several townships in the United States, none of them with a population above 3,000. FARN, or FERN ISLANDS, farn, on the coast of

Northumberland, 17 in number, lying off the E. coast, opposite Bamborough. The principal Farn Island is about a mile in circumference, has two lighthouses on it, and contains 6 or 7 acres of rich pasture. Lat. 55° 57' N. Lon. 1° 39' W.-In 1838, the Forfarshire steamer was wrecked on these islands; when the keeper of the lighthouse, and his heroic daughter, Grace Darling, in the midst of the storm, proceeded to the wreck in an open boat, and saved nine persons. In 1843, the Pegasus was also wrecked here, when 60 persons perished.

FARNABY, Thomas, far-na-be, an eminent Englishschoolmaster, who, after a variety of fortune, settled in London, where he acquired great reputation as a teacher. In 1616 he was admitted to the degree of M.A. at Cambridge. In the civil war he was imprisoned for his loyalty, and died in 1647. B. in London, about 1575.-He published Juvenal and Persius; Seneca's "Tragedies;" Martial; Lucan's "Pharsalia;" and other classical authors, with notes; "Index Rhetoricus et Poeticus;" "Florilegium Epigrammatum Græcorum;" ;" and "Systema Grammaticum."

FARNBOROUGH, farn'-bur-o, the name of several parishes in England, none of them with a population above 500.

FARNESE, Peter Louis, far-nai'-se, the first duke of Parma and Placentia, was the son of Pope Paul III. by a secret marriage, before he became a cardinal. He was assassinated by his subjects, on account of his oppressive conduct, in 1547.

FARNESE, Alexander, a Roman cardinal, was the eldest son of the above. Charles V. said, that if all the members of the sacred college were like Farnese, it would be the most august assembly in the world. B. 1520; D. 1589.

FARMER, Richard, a divine and antiquary, was educated at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, where he took his degree of M.A. in 1760, and the same year was appointed classical tutor. In 1767 he took the degree of B.D., and became one of the preachers at White- FARNESE, Alexander, third duke of Parma, and hall. In the preceding year he published his "Essay nephew of the preceding. He distinguished himself on the Learning of Shakspeare," in which he proved as an able general in the service of Philip II. against that all the knowledge of ancient history and mytho-the Netherlanders, and, afterwards, in the Catholic

Farneworth

army in France, in support of the League against Henry IV. He was wounded at the siege of Caudebec, and died soon after, at Arras, in 1592. B. 1546.-For an account of this commander's exploits, see Motley's "Rise of the Dutch Republic."

FARNEWORTH, Ellis, farn'-werth, an English divine, who obtained the rectory of Carsington, in Derbyshire, where he died, 1763. B. in Derbyshire. He translated the "Life of Pope Sixtus V." from the Italian, 1754, folio; Davila's "History of the Civil Wars of France," in 1757, 2 vols. 4to; the "Works of Machiavel," 1761, 2 vols. 4to; and Fleury's "History of the Israelites,"

12mo.

FARNHAM, farn'-ham, a town of Surrey, on the Wye, 10 miles from Guildford. It holds a large weekly market on Thursday, and is noted for the hops grown in its neighbourhood. Pop. 7,500.-During the civil wars, it was strongly defended by a moat and walls, which were dismantled by the forces of the parliament. Farnham sent members to parliament in the reign of Edward II.-Three miles from Farnham is Aldershott camp. (See ALDERSHOTT.)-There are several other parishes of this name, with small populations. FARNWORTH, farn'-werth, a township of England, in Lancashire, 3 miles from Bolton. Pop. 6,500.

FARO, faro, an island of Sweden, in the Baltic. Ext. 10 miles long, with an average breadth of 3. Lat. 57° 56' N. Lon. 19° 32′ E.-On its E. side there is a village of the same name.

FARO, a seaport of the S. of Portugal, in Algarve, near Cape Santa Maria, 20 miles from Tavira. The harbour is almost blocked up, but the roadstead affords convenient anchorage. It has a cathedral, military hospital, and an arsenal, with a trade in fruits and wine. Pop. 8,500.

FARO CAPE, the N.E. extremity of the island of Sicily, helping to bound the narrowest part of the Strait of Messina. Lat. 38° 15′50′′ N. Lon. 15° 40' 40'' E. -The FARO CHANNEL is a name sometimes given to the Strait of Messina.

Fauna

Cibber, in his "Lives," thus speaks of him and his comedies :-"He seems to have been a man of a genius rather sprightly than great, rather flowery than solid. His comedies are diverting, because his characters are natural, and such as we frequently meet with; but he has used no art in drawing them, nor does there appear any force of thinking in his performances, or any deep penetration into nature; but rather a superficial view, pleasant enough to the eye, though capable of leaving no great impression on the mind."

FARRINGDON, GREAT, fur-ring-don, an ancient town and parish of Berkshire, 32 miles from Reading. It has a spacious church in the Gothic style. Pop. 3,790. -The name of another parish in Devonshire, 3 miles from Topsham. Pop. 400.

FARS, or FARISTAN, fars, a province of Persia, bounded N. by Irak, E. by the province of Kerman and Lar, W. by Kuzistan, and S. by the Persian Gulf. Ext. About 420 miles long, and 360 broad. Desc. The southern parts are hot and sandy, the northern full of mountains, on which are found the most beautiful falcons in Persia, with a great number of wild hogs and wild cats. The centre is fertile. Salt lakes are numerous. Pro. Principally rice, fruit, corn, dates, tobacco, opium, cotton, attar of roses, wine, and silk. Large herds of cattle are reared, and the horses, asses, and camels are of excellent breeds. Minerals. Iron, lead, marble, emeralds, naphtha, and salt. Manf. Woollens, cottons, and silks. Quantities of skins are exported. Pop. 1,700,000. Lat. between 28° and 32° N. Lon. between 50° and 55° E.

FASTOLFF, Sir John, fas'-tolf, a famous English general, who served with great reputation in France, where he obtained several high posts while the English held possessions in that kingdom. In 1440 he returned to his own country, and distinguished himself as a friend to the poor, and an encourager of learning. He was a considerable benefactor to the university of Cambridge, and to Magdalen College, Oxford. B. at Yarmouth, 1377; D. 1459.-Though there be a strong similarity in the names, he is not to be taken for Sir John Falstaff, the knight so humorously rendered by Shakspeare.

FATCHIO, fatch-e-o', an island of the Japanese dominions, in the Strait of Corea, in the Pacific. Lat. 34° 20' N. Lon. 129° 30' E.-This is the Japanese place of banishment for state criminals.

FATIMIDES, fat'-i-mides, the designation of a race of kings who assumed the title of caliphs, and reigned over Egypt and the north of Africa, from about the close of the 9th to the end of the 12th century.

FAROE, or FAROER ISLANDS, far'-o, a group in the Northern Ocean, lying between Iceland and Shetland, belonging to Denmark, and consisting of 22 islands, of which 17 are inhabited. Ext. They occupy a length of 70 miles, and a breadth of 45. Desc. Each is a lofty mountain, rising out of the waves, divided from the others by deep and rapid currents. The highest summits reach the elevation of between 2,000 and 3,000 feet. Some of the islands are deeply indented with secure harbours; all are steep, and most of them exhibit tremendous precipices. Pro. The soil is shallow, but remarkably fertile; barley is the only corn grown, FATSHAN RIVER. (See SEYMOUR, Sir Michael.) and yields an immense crop; and the grass affords FAUCHET, Claude, fo'-shai, a French antiquary, abundant pasturage for sheep; but no trees above the whose works are, "Gaulish and French Antiquities;" size of a juniper or stunted willow are to be seen. "The Liberties of the Gallican Church; "The Vast quantities of sea-fowl frequent the rocks, the Origin of Knights, Armorial Bearings, and Heralds;' taking of which furnishes a perilous employment for "Origin of Dignities and Magistrates in France; all the inhabitants. Exp. Salted mutton, tallow, goose-printed together at Paris, in 1610, 4to. B. 1529; quills, feathers, eider-down, knit woollen waistcoats, D. 1601. caps, and stockings. Lat. between 61° 15' and 62° 10' N. Lon. between 5° and 7° 26' W.

FARQUHAR, George, far-quar, an English comic writer, was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and quitted that seat of learning for the boards of the Dublin theatre. Here, while playing Guyomar, in the "Indian Emperor" of Dryden, he was so unfortunate as to stab a brother actor, when he relinquished the stage and proceeded to London, where he received from the earl of Orrery a lieutenancy in his lordship's regiment. He now commenced writing for the theatre, and in 1698 appeared his first dramatic piece, entitled "Love in a Bottle," which met with success. This was followed, in 1700, by the "Constant Couple, or Trip to the Jubilee." The same year he was in Holland, of which country he has given a humorous description in his Letters. In 1701 appeared the comedy of "Sir Harry Wildair," and the year following, his "Miscellanies." In 1703 he brought out "The Inconstant, or the Way to Win Him." next piece was the popular play of "The Recruiting Officer." His last comedy was "The Beau's Stratagem," which also had a great run, and is his best production. B. in Londonderry, 1678; D. 1707. -Farquhar's comedies are lively, natural, and full of business; but they are also extremely licentious.

His

FAUCHET, Claude, a French priest, who became vicar-general to the archbishop of Bruges and preacher to Louis XVI. That monarch, however, was disgusted with his excessive vanity and theatrical mode of action, which, it is said, made Fauchet a violent revolutionist. He took a leading part in storming the Bastille, and preached a thanksgiving sermon on the occasion. In another address, he designated Jesus Christ as the first sans culotte of Judea. He entered among the Illuminati, and, in 1791, became what was called the constitutional bishop of Bayeux. He was also deputy for the department of Calvados, to the Legislative Assembly, and, afterwards, a member of the Convention. B. in Dorne, 1744; guillotined, 1793.-His works are, "A Panegyric on St. Louis," pronounced before the French Academy; "A Funeral Oration for the Duke of Orleans," " Elogium on Benjamin Franklin," "Discourse on Universal Manners," &c. There are several other French writers of this name.

FAULHORN, fole-horn, a mountain of the Alps, Switzerland, 30 miles from Berne. It lies between the valley of the Grindelwald and the lake Brienz. Height, 8,800 feet. There is an inn on its summit.

FAUNA, faw-na, a deity among the Romans, whose marriage with Faunus procured her the name of Fauna, and her knowledge of futurity, those of Fatua and

Faunalia

Fatidica. It is said that she never saw a man, after her marriage with Faunus, and that her uncommon chastity raised her to be ranked among the gods after death.

FAUNALIA, faw-nail-le-a, festivals at Rome, in honour

of Faunus.

Fayette

He paid unremitted attention to his duty, and, in his leisure hours, studied the French and German languages. While a lieutenant in the Guards, he translated from the former the "Reveries, or Memoirs upon the Art of War, by Field-Marshal Count Saxe," published in 4to, in 1757. He also translated from the German, "Regulations for the Prussian Cavalry," published the same year. This work was followed by "Regulations for the Prussian Infantry," to which was added "Prussian Tactics," published in 1759. On General Elliot being ordered to Germany, in the "Seven

FAUNI, faw-ni, rural deities, represented as having the legs, feet, and ears of goats, and the rest of the body human. They were called satyrs by the Greeks. The peasants offered them a lamb or a kid with great solemnity. FAUNICH, LOCH, faw'-nik, a lake of Ross-shire, Scot-Years' War," Mr. Fawcett accompanied him as aide-deland. Ext. 12 miles long, by 1 broad.

FAUNUS, faw-nus, a son of Picus, whose bravery has given rise to the tradition that he was son of Mars. His great fondness for agriculture made his subjects revere him as one of their country deities after death. He was represented with all the equipage of the satyrs, and was consulted to give oracles. He is said to have reigned in Italy above 1,300 years B.C.

FAUST, or FUST, John, foust, a goldsmith of Mentz, who is said by some to have been the inventor of printing. He is, however, supposed only to have assisted Guttenberg, and his son-in-law Schoeffer, in bringing this noble discovery to perfection. The first production, by the new process of metallic types, was produced in 1459, and was entitled "Durandi Rationale Divinorum Officiorum," by Faust and Schoeffer. This was succeeded by the" Catholicon Joannis Januensis." The greatest work, however, of all was the Bible, in 1462; previous to which they had executed two beautiful editions of the Psalter. The story of Faust's being arrested as a magician at Paris, on account of the exactness of the copies of the Bible which he took thither for sale, is not entitled to credit. He was there in 1466, and is supposed to have died soon after.

FAUST, Dr. John, a German philosopher, who, educated at Wittemberg, thence proceeded to Ingolstadt, where he studied with great success, medicine, and, it is said, astrology and magic, also; expending, in prosecuting his chemical experiments, a considerable fortune, left him by an uncle. His countrymen, in their ignorance, imagined him one having dealings with supernatural powers; and this view of Faust subsequently formed a fertile theme for the dramatist, poet, and musician, as well as for the sculptor and painter. Goethe, especially, in his " Faust," has depicted, with a rich imagination, the doctor and his sprite attendant, Mephistopheles. Lived in the first half of the 16th century.

FAUSTA, Flavia Maximiana, faws'-ta, the second wife of Constantine the Great. By her accusations the emperor put his son Crispus, by a former wife, to death; but her infidelity becoming notorious, she was suffocated in a bath, 327.

FAUSTINA, Anna Galeria, the Elder, faw-stil-na, was the daughter of Annius Verus, and the wife of Antoninus Pius. Notwithstanding her debaucheries, the emperor would not divorce her. D. 141, aged about 37. -Her daughter was the wife of Marcus Aurelius, and exceeded her mother in dissoluteness. D. 175. FAUSTITAS, faw'-sti-tus, a goddess among the Romans, supposed to preside over cattle.

FAUSTULUS, faws'-tu-lus, a shepherd ordered to expose Romulus and Remus. He privately brought them up at home.

FAVART, Charles Simon, fav'-ar, a French composer of operas, whose pieces are Lumerous and excellent. They make 10 vols. in 8vo. B. at Paris, 1710; D. there, 1793. His wife was an admirable actress and singer. She died in 1772; B. 1727.

FAVERSHAM, fav'-er-sham, a seaport-town of Kent, 9 miles from Canterbury, opposite the isle of Sheppey. It has an assembly-room, guildhall, church, gaol, theatre, and union. Near it are gunpowder-mills, and it has an oyster-fishery. Pop. 5,100.

FAVIGNANA, fa'-veen-ya'-na, an island of the Mediterranean, off the coast of Sicily, 12 miles from Trepani. Ext. 6 miles long, with an average breadth of 2. It has anchovy and tunny fisheries. Pop. Unascertained. FAWCETT, William, faw'-set, an English general, whose military predilections were early discovered, when he offered himself as a volunteer to serve in Flanders, and was soon presented with a pair of colours.

camp. Subsequently he was attached, in the same capacity, to the marquis of Granby, who sent him to England with the account of the battle of Warburgh. He was soon afterwards promoted to a company in the Guards, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. Frederick the Great, king of Prussia, made him flattering offers to induce him to enter into his service, which, however, he declined. His services and high character were duly valued by his king and country, and he was made knight of the Bath, colonel of the 3rd regiment of dragoon guards, and governor of Chelsea Hospital. B. near Halifax, Yorkshire, 1728; D. 1804, and was buried with great pomp in the chapel of Chelsea College. FAWKES, Guido, or Guy, fawks, the most active and daring conspirator in the "Gunpowder Plot," which was designed, in 1605, to blow up king, lords, and bishops, in the house of parliament assembled. He was of a respectable family in Yorkshire; but entered into the Spanish army in Flanders, and in 1598 was at the taking of Calais by the Archduke Albert. Little more is known of his history, beyond his connection with the conspirators, who had pledged themselves by an oath to blow up the House of Lords, on account of James I. having given an assurance to his council, “that he had never any intention of granting toleration to the Catholics." Fawkes had undertaken to fire the powder which had been concealed under the devoted house; but about 12 o'clock, on the night of the 4th November, was caught in the cellar, with matches and a dark lantern, ready to perform the deed for which he and seven others suffered on the scaffold in 1606.

FAWKES, Francis, an English poet and divine, who took his degree in arts at Jesus College, Cambridge. On entering into orders, he settled at Bramham, Yorkshire, but afterwards obtained the vicarage of Orpington, in Kent, which he exchanged for the rectory of Hayes, where he died, in 1777. B. in Yorkshire, 1721. -He published a volume of poems and translations of Anacreon, Sappho, Bion, Moschus, and Theocritus. His version of the "Argonautics" of Apollonius was published in 1780. Mr. Fawkes also lent his name to an edition of the Bible with notes. It was in translation, however, that he excelled. The odes of Anacreon, Dr. Johnson says, are finely translated.

FAYAL, fay-al', one of the Azore islands. Ext. 27 miles long, and 9 broad. Area, about 37 square miles. Desc. Fertile and diversified. It is, with the exception of St. Michael, the most frequented island of the group. Pop. 23,000. Lat. 38° 30' N. Lon. 28° 46' W.

FAYDIT, Anselm, fai'-de, a Provençal poet, or troubadour, who was patronized by Richard Cœur de Lion. D. 1220.-He wrote a poem on the death of Richard I., "The Palace of Love," and several comedies.

FAYDIT, Peter, a French priest of the congregation of the Oratory, whence he was compelled to remove, for publishing a book on the Cartesian philosophy, contrary to a prohibition from his superiors. He also wrote "Illustrations of Ecclesiastical History," 8vo; "A Treatise on the Trinity," for which he was imprisoned; and a wretched critique on Telemachus. D. 1709.

FAYETTE, fai-yet', the name of several counties in the United States. 1. In the S.W. part of Pennsylvania. Area, 824 square miles. Pop. 40,000.-2. In the central part of Kentucky. Area, 275 square miles. Pop. 24,000, of whom half are slaves.-3. In Ohio, west of Pickaway county. Area, 415 square miles. Pop. 14,000.-The name, also, of several other places in the United States.

FAYETTE, Mary Magdalene, Countess of, the wife of the count de la Fayette. She wrote the romances of "Zaïde" and the "Princess of Cleves,"