"Dunciad." Cooke, in his "Battle of the Poets," from the Creation to 900," published at Oxford by refers to him in these lines: He became rector of Coningsby, in Lincolnshire, where he died, 1730. His poems are in Nichols's collection. B. in Yorkshire. EUSEBIUS, u-se'-be-us, succeeded Marcellus as bishop of Rome, in 310, and died the same year. He was strongly opposed to the readmission of lapsed Christians to communion. His opinions on this subject gave great offence at Rome, and the emperor Maxentius banished the pope to Sicily. He was by birth a Greek. EUSEBIUS, Pamphilus, an ecclesiastical historian, who, in the persecution by Diocletian, assisted the suffering Christians by his exhortations, particularly his friend Pamphilus, whose name, out of veneration, he assumed. He was chosen bishop of Cæsarea about 313, and was at first the friend of Arius, because he considered him as persecuted; but on perceiving the dangerous extent of his opinions, he abandoned him, and assisted at the council of Nice, which he opened with an address: he was also at that of Antioch. The emperor Constantine had a particular esteem for him, and showed him several tokens of favour. B. in Palestine, about 270; D. 338.-He wrote "Ecclesiastical History," the "Life of Constantine," and other works. The best edition of his "Ecclesiastical History" is that of Cambridge, 3 vols. folio, 1720. He wrote, besides, many other works, the principal of which is one entitled "Evangelical Preparation," 2 vols. folio, Paris, 1628. an EUSTACHIUS, Bartholomew, u-stai'-she-us, a distinguished Italian physician, who settled at Rome, and made several discoveries relative to medical science. The most important of these was the passage from the throat to the external ear, since known by the name of the Eustachian tube. He formed some anatomical tables, and Boerhaave, in 1707, published his "Opuscula Anatomica.' D. 1574. Pocock, in 1659, 4to. He also wrote a "History of EUXINE SEA. (See BLACK SEA.) EVADNE, e-vad'-ne, a daughter of Iphis, or Iphicles, of Argos, who slighted the addresses of Apollo, and married Capaneus, one of the seven chiefs who went against Thebes. Her husband was struck with thunder by Jupiter for his blasphemies and impiety, and his ashes separated from those of the rest of the Argives, when she threw herself on his burning pile, and perished in the flames. EVAGORAS, e-vag'-o-răs, a Greek historian, who wrote a " History of Egypt," the "Life of Timagenes," "De Artificio Thucydidis Oratorio," "Lexicon in Thucydidem." Lived in the 1st century A.D. EVAGORAS, king of Cyprus, who re-took Salamis, which had been taken from his father by the Persians. He made war against Artaxerxes, the king of Persia, with the assistance of the Egyptians, Arabians, and Tyrians, and obtained some advantages over the fleet of his enemy. The Persians, however, soon repaired their losses, and Evagoras saw himself defeated by sea and land, and obliged to be tributary to the power of Artaxerxes, and to be stripped of all his dominions, except the town of Salamis. Assassinated soon after this fatal change of fortune, by a eunuch, 374 B.C. He left two sons; Nicocles, who succeeded him, and Protagoras, who afterwards deprived his nephew Evagoras of his possessions, upon account of his oppression. EVALD, Johannes, ev'-ald, a distinguished Danish poet. He wrote several dramatic pieces, and a poem entitled "The Temple of Fortune," which prove his genius to have been considerable. His principal work is named "Balder's Dod," a drama which takes a high standing in Danish literature. B. at Copenhagen, 1743; D. 1781. He EVANDER, e-vun'-der, an adventurer, who went from Arcadia to Italy, and drove the aborigines from their ancient possessions, and reigned in that part of the country where Rome was afterwards founded. gave Aneas assistance against the Rutuli, and distinguished himself by his hospitality. It is said that he first brought the Greek alphabet into Italy, and introduced there the worship of the Greek deities. He was honoured as a god after death, and his subjects raised him an altar on Mount Aventine.-A philosopher of the second academy, who flourished 215 B.C. EUSTATIUS, or EUSTATIA, ST., one of the Dutch EVANS, Lieutenant-General Sir De Lacy, K.C.B., Leeward Caribbee islands, in the West Indies, 10 miles ev'-ans, entered the British army in 1807, and, after from St. Christopher's. Area, 190 square miles. Desc. serving several years in India, returned and fought in It rises out of the ocean, in the form of a huge volcanic the Peninsular campaigns of 1812, 1813, and 1814. He pyramidal rock, tapering to its summit, and, in pro- also fought at Quatre Bras and Waterloo, where he portion to its size, is one of the finest and best culti- had his horse shot under him. In 1835 he volunteered vated islands of all the Caribbees. Pop. 2,000.-St. to command the British Legion in Spain, and for his Eustatia became a Dutch island by the right of posses-valour throughout the campaigns in which he served sion or occupancy. It was first settled about the year against the Carlists, he was invested with the order of 1600; and though taken from them subsequently, it the Bath and the Cross of San Ferdinand and San was confirmed to them by the treaty of Breda. In the Charles of Spain. In 1854 he became commander of year 1781 it was taken by the English, but restored at the second division of the Army of the East, and greatly the peace, in 1783. It was again taken by the English distinguished himself at the battle of the Alma. At in 1801, but was once more restored to its former Inkermann he rose from a bed of sickness to join his owners in 1814. division; but when he saw the manner in which General Pennefather was fighting his men, he refused to take the command, but left his share of the merit entirely to that officer. He returned to England in 1855, and received the order of the Grand Cross of the Bath. With the exception of two short intervals, he had a seat in parliament since 1831. B. at Moig, Ireland, 1787. EUTERPE, u-ter'-pe, one of the Muses, daughter of Jupiter and Mnemosyne. She presided over music, and was looked upon as the inventress of the flute. She is represented as crowned with flowers, and holding a flute in her hands. EUTROPIUS, u-tro'-pe-us, a Latin historian, who wrote an epitome of the history of Rome, from the age of Romulus to the reign of the emperor Valens, to whom the work was dedicated. Of all his works, the Roman history alone is extant. It is composed with conciseness and precision, but without elegance. Lived in the 4th century. EUTYCHES, u'-ti-kees, a monk, who lived near Constantinople, and who is said to have founded the sect called Eutychians, in the East. Lived in the 5th century. EUTYCHIUS, u-ti-ki'-us, a physician and divine, who, after practising physic for many years, was ordained, and in 938 became patriarch of Alexandria. B. at Cairo, 876; D. 950.-He wrote, in Arabic, "Annals EVANSON, Edward, ev'-an-son, an English divine, who became curate to his uncle at Mitcham, in Surrey. In 1768 he obtained the living of South Mimms, and was afterwards presented to the living of Tewkesbury, in Gloucestershire, to which was added that of Longdon, a village in Worcestershire. Here his sentiments on the Trinitarian doctrine underwent a change, and he ventured to make alterations in the Common Prayer, which gave such offence to the parishioners that a prosecution was instituted against him, which failed, on account of some irregularity in the proceedings. In 1778 he resigned his livings and returned to Mitcham, where he undertook the education of some Eve pupils. B. at Warrington, Lancashire, 1731; D. 1805. He wrote the "Dissonance of the four generallyreceived Evangelists;" "A Letter to Bishop Hurd on the Grand Apostasy;" "Reflections on the State of Religion in Christendom;" and some other works. EVE, eev, life,' the first woman, the original mother of all mankind. EVELEIGH, General, R.A., eve'-le, an officer of the royal artillery, who, after many years' service, during which he frequently distinguished himself, attained the rank of general in 1854. He served in the Corunna campaign, and received the war medal and one clasp for Sabagen aud Benevente. B. 1772; D. near Newport, Isle of Wight, 1859. EVELYN, John, ev'-lin, an English author, who, by marriage with the daughter of Sir Richard Browne, became possessed of Sayes Court, a manor in Kent, where he led a retired life till the Restoration, to which he, in some measure, contributed. At the establishment of the Royal Society, he became one of its first members. In 1662 appeared his "Sculptura; or, the History and Art of Chalcography and Engraving in Copper." This curious and valuable work has been since reprinted. In 1661 came out his "Sylva; or, a Discourse of Forest Trees," which has gone through many editions, and is a great repository of all that was, in the author's time, known of the forest trees of Great Britain. He was appointed a commissioner for the sick and wounded seamen, one of the commissioners for rebuilding St. Paul's, and afterwards had a place at the Board of Trade. In the reign of James II. he was made one of the commissioners for executing the office of lord privy seal, and after the Revolution was appointed treasurer of Greenwich hospital. In 1697 appeared his "Numismata, or Discourse of Medals." Mr. Evelyn has the honour of being one of the first who improved horticulture, and introduced exotics into this country. Of his garden at Sayes Court a curious account may be seen in the Philosophical Transactions." B. at Wotton, Surrey, 1620; D. 1706.-Evelyn was buried at Wotton, where, on his tombstone, he had it recorded, "That all is vanity which is not honest; and that there is no solid wisdom but real piety." He wrote several books besides the above, and of his "Memoirs Sir Walter Scott says, "We have never seen a mine so rich."-His son, JOHN, wrote a Greek poem, prefixed to his father's Sylva," and translated Rapin's poem on gardens into English, and the "Life of Alexander" from Plutarch. He was also the author of a few poems in Dryden's collection. D. 1698, aged 44. ÉVENUS, e-ve'-nus, a river of Etolia, flowing into the Ionian Sea. It received its name from Evenus, who, being unable to overcome Idas, who had promised him his daughter Marpessa in marriage, if he surpassed him in running, grew so desperate that he threw himself into the river, which afterwards bore his name. EVERBERG, ev-er-bairg, a town and parish of Belgium, 22 miles from Tournay. Manf. Linen and salt-refining. Pop. about 5,000. EVERETT, Alexander Hamilton, ev'-e-ret, an American author, who began life as a tutor in an academy, but afterwards entered into the office of John Quincy Adams, as a student of the law. In 1809 he went to Russia as an attaché of the mission of Mr. Adams, and spent two years in St. Petersburg, studying political economy, and making himself acquainted with the modern languages. On returning to America, he connected himself, in Boston, with both law and literature. From 1818 to 1824 he served as chargé d'affaires in the Netherlands, where he pursued his literary studies, and, in 1821, published a work entitled "Europe; or, a General Survey of the Principal Powers, &c.," which was highly spoken of. In the following year he issued another, which entered into a consideration of the Godwin and Malthusian theories of population. In 1825 he became American minister at the court of Spain, which he held for nearly five years, during which he continued to devote himself to his studies, and produced a political work on America, whilst, at the same time, contributing to the "North American Review," then under the editorship of his brother. In 1841 he was chosen president of Jefferson College, Louisiana, and, in 1846, minister plenipotentiary to China. On his return, he Exe devoted himself principally to private pursuits. B. at Boston, 1790. EVERETT, Edward, D.C.L., brother of the above, studied divinity with a view to the office of pastor, and became, before he was twenty, minister of a large Unitarian congregation at Boston. In 1815 he relinquished the pulpit for the professorial chair of the Greek Language and Literature in Harvard University. Previous to his entering upon his duties, he visited Europe, and for two years settled at Gottingen, studying German, and making himself acquainted with the best modes of instruction adopted in the German universities. After a sojourn of five years, during I which he visited various European countries, he returned to America, and entered upon his university duties with large stores of accumulated learning and knowledge. In 1820 he added to the duties of his chair those of editor to the "North American Review," which he continued to perform for four years. 1824 he was elected to the House of Representatives, and, in 1836, became governor of Massachusetts. In 1841 he was appointed minister to the English court, which post he held for about five years, and, on his return, was elected president of Harvard University, which he was subsequently compelled to resign on account of ill-health. In 1853 he was elected a member of the Senate for Massachusetts. Throughout his career, Mr. Everett has evinced an ardent attachment to literary pursuits, and has published two volumes of orations, delivered by him on various occasions. He has also appended to the works of Daniel Webster, a life of that statesman. B. at Dorchester, near Boston, 1791. In EVERGETES, e-ver-ge-tees, a surname signifying 'benefactor,' given to many kings in ancient times. EVERGHEM, ev'-er-gaim, a town of Belgium, East Flanders, 3 miles from Ghent. Pop. 8,000, engaged in shipbuilding and other trades. EVERTON, cv'-er-ton, the name of several parishes in England, the largest of which is 2 miles from Liverpool, of which it is a suburb, and has a population of 26,000. The populations of the others are small. EVESHAM, eev'-sham, a borough and market-town of Worcestershire, on the Avon, 14 miles from Worcester. This town is of great antiquity, and has three parish churches, a free grammar-school, a charity-school, and an almshouse. It is a well-built town, and there is a convenient harbour on the Avon for barges. Manf. Principally stockings. Pop. 4,600. It is a station on the Oxford Railway. EVIL-MERODACH, e'-vil mer-o-dak, the fool of Merodach,' the son of Nebuchadnezzar, and father of Belshazzar. EVORA, ai-vor-a, a fortified town of Portugal, in Alentejo, 85 miles from Lisbon. It is of considerable extent, but badly built. Pop. 10,000. ÉVREMOND, ST., aivr-mont, Charles de St. Denis, Lord of, a French writer, who relinquished the law for the military profession. He served under Condé, as lieutenant of the Guards, and in the civil wars of France, fought at the battles of Rocroi and Nordlingen. He attended Mazarine in the negotiation with Spain; but having betrayed some confidential secrets, in a correspondence with the marquis de Crequi, was obliged to quit France. Accordingly, he found a refuge in Eng. land, where he was in great esteem with Charles II. In 1689 permission was granted him to return to his country: but he preferred ending his days in the land of his adoption. B. near Coutances, Normandy, 1613; D. in London, 1703, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. He was a man of wit and ingenuity. His works were printed in 1728, in 3 vols. 8vo. EVREUX, ev-re(r), a city of France, and the capital of the department of the Eure, on the Ilon, 52 miles from Paris. The town is tolerably well built, has a cathedral in the form of a cross, an episcopal palace, a theatre, and a botanical garden. Manf. Cotton twist, woollens, and cotton fabrics. Pop. 13,000. EWE LOCH, u, an inlet of the North Sea, in Rossshire, Scotland, connected with Loch Maree by a short river. EWELL, u'-el, a town and parish of Surrey, 2 miles from Epsom. Pop. 2,300.-It is a station on the London and Epsom Railway. EXE, ex, a river of England, rising in Exmoor, Exeter Somersetshire, and, after a course of about 50 miles, falling into the sea at Exmouth. Eyre Impetuous, of 78 guns, and was engaged in various services on the French coast. In 1802 he was named EXETER, ex-e-ter, a city, episcopal see, and the colonel of the marines; and, in the same year, was capital of Devonshire, pleasantly situate on the river chosen member of parliament for Barnstaple, in Exe, 10 miles from its mouth, and 64 from Bristol. The Devonshire. In 1804 he commanded the Tonnant, of ground which it occupies is in the form of a parallelo- 84 guns, and received the rank of rear-admiral of the gram, and was formerly surrounded with walls, which red. He was also made commander in the East Indies, have now mostly disappeared. The cathedral, which on which he resigned his parliamentary seat. In 1808 was begun in the reign of Athelstan, in 932, is a large he was raised to the rank of vice-admiral of the blue. and magnificent edifice. It consists of a nave with In 1810 he blockaded Flushing, and, shortly afterwards, two aisles, a choir with aisles, a N. and S. transept, was appointed to the commander-in-chiefship in the surmounted by handsome Anglo-Norman towers. To Mediterranean. Here he co-operated with the British the E. of the cathedral is the bishop's palace, which, forces on the eastern part of the coast of Spain with with its gardens, is inclosed by a lofty wall. The great skill. The value of his services was recognized other principal buildings are a sessions-house, in which in 1814, when he was raised to the peerage as Baron the assizes, quarter-sessions, and county-courts are Exmouth, of Canonteign, Devonshire. In the same held; prisons for debtors and malefactors, a good year he was promoted to the rank of full admiral, and, workhouse, almshouses, several well-endowed charity- subsequently, made a K.C.B. and G.C.B. In 1816 he schools, an elegant circus, with a theatre adjoining, a proceeded to Algiers, to chastise the Dey for having guildhall, general asylum for lunatics, barracks, lite- violated a treaty concluded for the abolition of Christian rary and scientific institutions, public library, ball- slavery. His plan of attack is considered to be one of room, fountains, cloth-halls, and infirmary. In the the boldest ever adopted by a naval commander. He N.W. corner of the city stood the castle, of which but entered the harbour with his ship, the Queen Charlotte, the outer walls now remain. Across the Exe is a stone and being admirably supported by the other ships of bridge. An arm of the sea formerly flowed near the his fleet, set fire to the war-ships of the Algerines, walls, but its navigation was ruined by one of the bombarded the city, and forced the Dey to yield to all earls of Devon, who constructed weirs and dams in it. his demands. For this service he was thanked by It has been restored by a canal; so that vessels of 150 both houses of parliament, and raised to the rank of tons can approach the town. Manf. Woollens, paper; viscount. On the death of Admiral Duckworth, in and there are several breweries and iron-foundries. 1817, he was appointed to the chief command at Pop. about 42,000.-The city is governed by a mayor, Plymouth; but, after 1821, retired from public serrecorder, town-clerk, &c.; and was incorporated by vice. B. at Dover, 1757; D. 1833. King John, and erected into a county by Henry VIII. Its bishopric was fixed here in 1050, by Edward the Confessor. EXETER, the name of several townships in the United States, none of them with a population above 3,500. EXMOOR, ex-moor, an extra-parochial district of England, partly in Devon and partly in Somerset. It consists of ranges of hills, with a varying height of from 1,100 to 1,600 feet. The Exe has its source in it. EXMOUTH, ex-mouth, a town and watering-place of EXMOUTH. EXUMA, ex-u-ma, one of the Bahamas. Ext. 25 miles long, and 3 broad. Lat. 23° 20' N. Lon. 75° W.There is also a chain of islands called the Exuma Keys, which reach along one edge of the Great Bahama bank. Lat. of the principal island, between 23° 21' and 23° 31' N. Lon. between 74° 28' and 74° 48' W. EXUPERIUS, ex-u-peer-e-us, bishop of Toulouse, and a saint of the Roman calendar. He expended all his own wealth and sold the sacred vessels to maintain the poor in the time of famine. D. about 417. ExCK, ike, Hubert van, an eminent artist, and founder of the Flemish school of painting. One of his finest works, in which he was assisted by his brother, is the "Adoration of the Lamb," in the church of St. Bavon, Ghent. He painted in distemper and in oil. Maaseyk, 1366; D. 1426. B. at EYCK, John van, brother of the above, painted history, portraits, and landscapes; but is chiefly known by his being the inventor of a new method of mixing his oils, which greatly improved the style of painting. B. 1370, D. 1441. EYE, i, a town and parish of Suffolk, 20 miles from Ipswich. It is an ancient borough, and has a Gothic church, a grammarschool, a gaol, guildhall, and house of industry. Pop. about 8,000. The name of several other parishes with small populations. EYE, a small stream of Rossshire, Scotland, falling into the Moray Firth. EYEMOUTH, -mouth, a town 7 miles from Berwick. It has a fishery and a grain trade. Pop. 1,500. EYLAU, -lou, a town of Prussia, on the Pasmar, 20 miles from Konigsberg. Pop. 1,500.-Here the Prussians and Russians were defeated by the French, on the 7th and 8th of February, 1807. Devonshire, 9 miles from Exeter. It has baths, | cf Berwickshire, Scotland, at the mouth of the Eye, libraries, and a ball-room. Pop. about 5,000. EXMOUTH, Edward Pellew, Viscount, a distinguished British naval commander, who, in 1770, entered the navy, and first brought himself prominently into notice in 1776, at the battle of Lake Champlain, N. America. Having risen successively through the ranks of lieutenant and post-captain, in 1793 he was appointed to the command of the Nymphe frigate, of 36 guns, and falling in with the Cleopatra French frigate, he captured her, after a desperate fight, and had the honour of knighthood conferred upon him. Continuing in active service, in 1799 he was appointed to the command of the EYRE, ire, Sir William, K.C.B., an English general, entered the army in 1823, and, after serving in Canada, proceeded to the Cape of Good Hope, and distinguished himself as lieutenant-colonel in both the Caffre wars. In acknowledgment of his eminent services, he was made a companion of the order of the Bath, promoted Eytuh to be colonel in the army, and appointed an aide-deeamp to the queen. On the military force being sent out to the East, during the Russian war, he was appointed to a brigade of the 3rd division of the army, and was present at the battle of the Alma. He commanded the troops in the trenches during the battle of Inkermann, and remained in the Crimea until after the fall of Sebastopol. In 1855 he was created a knight commander of the order of the Bath, was made a commander of the Legion of Honour, a knight of the imperial order of the Medjidie of the 2nd class, and was among the general officers who received the Sardinian war-medal. After his return, in 1856, he was selected by the commander-in-chief to command the troops in Canada, which appointment, on account of ill health, he was forced to resign. B. 1806; D. at Bilton Hall, Warwickshire, 1859. EYTUH, or ETA, e-ta', a town of British India, in Mynpoorie, in the North-West Provinces. It is the principal place of a district of the same name, and is encompassed by mud walls. Pop. Unascertained. EZEKIEL, e-ze'-ke-el, the third of the greater prophets. He was the son of Buzi, and a descendant of Aaron. In 597 B.C. he was carried captive to Babylon, where he wrote his prophecies, the style of which is bold, vehement, and tragical, and worked up occasionally to a pitch of considerable dignity. Lived in the 6th century 3.C. EZRA, ez'-ra, son of Seraiah, a priest of the Jews, and a descendant of Aaron. He was carried captive to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar. Artaxerxes Longomanus, however, sent him to his own country with a colony of the Jews, and all the sacred vessels and ornaments of the temple, which he had in charge to rebuild. On his arrival at Jerusalem, 467 B.C., he set about the reformation of al uses, particularly one of strange marriages. Ho restored the whole canon of the Old Testament. There is in the Bible a book under his name, and in the Apocrypha two others. Josephus says that he died at Jerusalem; but others assert that he returned and ended his days in Persia. F. FAABORG, fol-borg, a seaport of Denmark, in the island of Fuhnen, 17 miles from Oldensee. Pop. 2,500. FABER, John, fa-ber, a German divine, who was created doctor at Cologne, and in 1526 was appointed confessor to Ferdinand, king of the Romans. He, subsequently, was presented to the see of Vienna, and was called the mallet of heretics, owing to the zeal which he showed against Luther. B. at Habbron, 1500; D. 1512.-His works were printed at Cologne, in 3 vols. folio.-There was another of this name, who wrote several works against the Protestants. FABIAN, fai-be-an, a pope and saint, according to the Roman calendar. He ascended the papal chair in 326, and erected churches, and sent bishops into Gaul to propagate Christianity. He suffered in the persecution under Decius, 250. FABIAN, Robert, an English chronicler, who was a tradesman in London, and served the offices of alderman and sheriff. D. 1512, and was buried in the church of St. Michael, Cornhill.-His "Chronicle of England and France" was first printed in London in 1516, and again in 1553, in 2 vols. folio. FABII, fai-be-i, a noble and powerful family at Rome, who, it is affirmed, derived their name from fuba, a bean,' because some of their ancestors cultivated that pulse. Historians say that all the males of the family, amounting to 306, were slain, save one, in a general engagement near the Cremera, against the Veientes, 477 B.C. From this one, whose tender age had detained him at Rome, arose the noble Fabii. The family was divided into different branches, -the Ambusti, the Maximi, the Vibulani, the Buteones, the Dorsones, and the Pictores, Labeones, Gurgites; the three first of which are frequently mentioned in the Roman history, but the others, seldom. FABIUS, Maximus Rullianus, fui'-be-us, an illustrious Roman, who was master of the horse in the war against the Samnites, and charged the enemy, and obtained a Fabroni victory. Having done this in the absence of the dictator, and contrary to his orders, he was condemned to death, but was rescued by the people. In 303 B.C. he served the office of censor, and obtained the name of Maximus, for lessening the power of the populace in elections. He triumphed over seven nations, and served the office of dictator a second time 287 B.C. FABIUS MAXIMUS, Quintus, surnamed Verricosus, a Roman, distinguished for his prudence, valour, and generosity. He was consul the first time_233 B.C., when he gained a great victory over the Ligurians. When Hannibal, the Carthaginian, defeated the Romans at the battle of Thrasy mene, he was nominated prodictator, to oppose that general. He succeeded in surrounding Hannibal, whom, however, he allowed to escape, when he was recalled by the senate, who refused to confirm an agreement which he had made for the ransom of prisoners. On this, Fabius sold his estates to raise the money. When the time of his dictatorship expired, he advised his successor, Paulus Emilius, not to hazard an engagement, which, however, was neglected, and thus was lost the famous battle of Cannæ. Fabius was now looked upon as the only refuge of the Romans, and he quickly recovered Tarentum, which had been betrayed to Hannibal. In his advanced years, he was superseded by Scipio, yet his death was lamented by the people as a common loss. D. nearly in the 100th year of his age, 203 B.C. FABRE, John Claude, fabr, a French priest of the Oratory at Paris, who compiled two dictionaries, translated Virgil into French, and continued Fleury's "Ecclesiastical History." D. 1753. FABRI, Honorius, fu-bre, alearned Jesuit, who wrote "Physica, seu Rerum Corporearum Scientia," 6 vols. 4to; "Synopsis Optica," 4to; "De Plantis, de Generatione Animalium, et de Homine," 4to, &c. He is I said, by some, to have discovered the circulation of the blood before Harvey. B. at Bellay, 1607; D. at Rome, 1688. FABRIANO, fa-bre-a'-no, a town of the Ecclesiastical States, 33 miles from Ancona. It has a Gothic cathedral. Manf. Parchment and paper. Pop. 7,000. FABRICIUS, Caius, fă-brish'-e-us, a celebrated Roman, who, in his first consulship, obtained several victories over the Samnites and Lucanians, and was honoured with a triumph. Two years after, he went as ambassa. dor to Pyrrhus, and refused, with contempt, the presents offered him. Pyrrhus admired the magnanimity of Fabricius, but his admiration was increased when he made a discovery of the perfidious offers of his physician, who had pledged himself to the Roman general for a sum of money to poison his master. To this greatness of soul was added the most consummate knowledge of military affairs, and the most perfect simplicity of manners. Fabricius wished to inspire a contempt for luxury among the people. He lived and died in the greatest poverty. His body was buried at the public charge, and the Roman people were obliged to give a dowry to his two daughters, when they had arrived at years of maturity. Lived in the 3rd century B.C.-A bridge at Rome, built by the consul Fabricius. FABRICIUS, Jerome, an Italian physician, usually called Aquapendente, from the place of his birth. He professed anatomy with extraordinary reputation at Padua. D. 1619.-His works on anatomy have been printed in 2 vols. folio. FABRICIUS, John Albert, a learned divine, who became professor of eloquence at Hamburg, and published" Bibliotheca Latina," 2 vols. 4to; "Bibliotheca Græca," 14 vols. 4to; "Codex Apocryphus Novi Testamenti," 3 vols. 8vo; "Codex Pseudepigraphus Veteris Testamenti," 2 vols. 8vo; "Bibliographia Antiquaria," 4to; "Bibliotheca Latina Ecclesiastica," folio; "Biblio. theca media et infimæ Latinitatis," 5 vols. 8vo. B. at Leipsic, 1668; D. at Hamburg, 1736. FABRONI, Angiolo, fa-bro'-ne, a learned Italian, who was educated first at Faenza, and afterwards at Rome, where he obtained a canonry. He was afterwards appointed prior of the church of St. Lorenzo at Florence, where he remained till called to be curator of the university of Pisa. He is generally known by his Biographies of Italian literati of the 17th and 18th centuries, of which work he published 18 volumes, and left another ready for the press. Besides this, he wrote separate biographies of Cosmo, Lorenzo, Leo, and Fad other eminent persons of the house of Medici, with many panegyrics on learned men. He also conducted the "Giornale di Litterati," and published some religious pieces. B. in Tuscany, 1732; D. at Pisa, 1802. FAD, LOCH, fad, a lake of Scotland, in the island of Bute, 6 miles from Rothesay. Ext. 5 miles. FADIENSKOI, fad'-e-ens-koi, an island of the Arctic Ocean, in the government of Yakatsk, belonging to Russia. Ext. 100 miles long, by about 40 broad. It is uninhabited. Lat. 76° N. Lon. 141° to 145° E. FADLALLAH, or CHODSA RASCHID ADDIN FADLALLAH, fad-lal-la, a Persian historian. He was vizier to the sultan Cazan, who reigned at Taurus, and at whose command he compiled a history of the Moguls, which he finished in 1294. He added a supplement to this work by the order of Cazan's successor. The first part was translated into French by La Croix. Lived in the 13th century. FAENZA, fa-aint'-za, a city of Italy, in the Ecclesiastical States, 20 miles from Ravenna. It was known anciently by the name of Falentia, and became noted in modern times for its pottery-ware. It is inclosed by walls, has a citadel, several churches with fine paintings, and a cathedral, which stands in a large square, and has, near it, a beautiful fountain. Manf. Earthenware, paper, silk twist and fabrics. Pop. 21,000. FAGIUS, Paul, fail-je-us, a German Protestant divine, whose real name was Buchlein. For some time he exercised the office of a schoolmaster, but afterwards entered into orders. In 1541 the plague broke out at Isna, where he resided at the time, and remained in the place, comforting and administering to the sick. In 1543 he and Bucer went to England, where Archbishop Cranmer employed them in a new translation of the Scriptures. B. at Heidelberg, 1504; D. at Cambridge, 1550.-In Mary's reign his body was taken up and burnt. He wrote several books on the Hebrew language and the Targums. FAGNANO, fan-ya'-no, a village of Italy, 12 miles from Verona. Here, in 1799, a battle was fought between the Austrians and the French.-The name of several other small Italian villages. FAGON, Gay Crescent, fa-gawng, physician to Louis XIV., who defended the doctrine of the circulation of the blood, and collected numerous plants to enrich the royal gardens, of which he was superintendent. B. at Paris, 1632; D. 1718. FAHLUN, or FALUN, fa'-loon, a town of Sweden, celebrated for its copper-mines. It is 55 miles from Geffe, and has museums and a school of practical mining. Manf. Cotton and yarn. Pop. 5,500. FAHRENHEIT, Gabriel Daniel, ful-ren-hite, an experimental philosopher, who improved the thermometer, by making use of mercury instead of spirits of wine, and formed a new scale for the instrument, grounded on accurate experiments. The English have generally adopted his scale; but the French prefer Réaumur's. B. at Dantzig, 1686; D. 1736.-Fahrenheit wrote "A Dissertation on Thermometers." FAI-FO, fi-fo, a town in the empire of Anam, Further India, near the mouth of a river in the China Sea, and 15 miles from Turon. It has a Buddhic temple, and a trade in sugar and cinnamon. Pop. 15,000. FAILSWORTH, fails-werth, a town of Lancashire, 5 miles from Manchester. Manf. Cotton-spinning. Pop. 4,500. FAIRBAIRN, William, fair'-bairn, a Scotch machinist and civil engineer. He was among the first, if not the first, to construct sea-going vessels of iron. He was also continually engaged in experimenting on the qualities of iron, and did much to advance mechanical knowledge in the department of engineering. B. at Kelso, Scotland, 1789. FAIRFAX, fair-fax, a county of Virginia, U.S. Area, 468 square miles. Pop. 11,000, of whom a third are slaves. FAIRFAX, Edward, an English poet, who translated Tasso's poem of "Godfrey of Bouillon" into English verse, and wrote a curious book, entitled "Demonology," in which he avows his belief of witchcraft. D. about 1632. FAIRFAX, Thomas, Lord, general of the parliamentary army in the civil war, was the eldest son of Ferdinando, Lord Fairfax. He began his military Falconer career under Lord Vere, in Holland, and when hostilities commenced between the king and parliament, he took a decided part in favour of the latter, being, like his father, a zealous Presbyterian. He had a principal command in the northern counties of England, where he and his father were defeated in several engagements; but, afterwards, Sir Thomas had better fortune, and distinguished himself so greatly at the battle of Marston Moor, in 1644, that he was appointed general of the army, in the place of the earl of Essex, and Cromwell became his lieutenant-general. In 1645 he defeated the king's forces at Naseby, after which he marched into the west, where he took Bath, Bristol, and other important places. In 1647 he was made constable of the Tower, and the following year succeeded to the title, by the death of his father. He then proceeded into the eastern counties, and took Colchester, after a brave resistance by Sir George Lisle and Sir Charles Lucas, whom his lordship, after the surrender, caused to be shot. On his return to London, he was named one of the king's judges, but refused to act, though he took no steps to prevent the death of the king, and, at the time of execution, was kept in prayer by Major Harrison. In 1650 he resigned his commission, and lived in retirement till the Restoration, when he made his peace with Charles II., upon whom he waited at the Hague. B. at Denton, Yorkshire, 1611; D. at Nun Appleton, Yorkshire, 1671.-He wrote an account of his public life. FAIRFIELD, fair'-feeld, a county of Connecticut, U.S. Area, 630 square miles. Pop. 31,000.-Also several townships in the United States, with small populations. FAIRFIELD, a district of South Carolina, U.S. Area, 796 square miles. Pop. 24,000, of whom about half are slaves. FAIRHAVEN, fair-hai'-ven, a town of Massachusetts, U.S., 50 miles from Boston. Pop. 4,500, mostly engaged in whale-fishing. FAIRHEAD, or BENMORE HEAD, fair'-hed, a lofty promontory on the N. coast of Ireland, 6 miles from Ballycastle. Height, about 540 feet. FAIR ISLE, fair, lies between Shetland and Orkney, 22 miles from Sunburgh Head. Ext. 4 miles long, by a breadth of 23.-Here, in 1588, the duke of Medina, admiral of the Spanish armada, was shipwrecked. FAIRLEIGH, fuir-le, the name of several parishes in England, none of them with a population above 1,500. FAIRVIEW, fair'-vu, two townships of the United States, neither of them with a population above 2,000. FAIRWEATHER, CAPE, fair'-weth-er, on the W. coast of Russian America. Lat. 58° 51' N. Lon. 137° 36′ W.The MOUNT whence projects this cape, has a height of nearly 15,000 feet, and forms a striking point on the frontiers of the Russian and British territories. FAISANS, ILE DES, fais'-a, a small island formed by the Bidassoa, near Irun, on the borders of France and Spain. In 1659, the treaty of the Pyrenees was here concluded, between Spain and France. FAITHORNE, William, fai'-thorn, an English painter and engraver. He was a soldier in the royal army during the civil war, and was taken prisoner by Cromwell. On obtaining his liberty, he went to France, where, he studied under Champagne. At his return, he practised painting in miniature, and engraving, but chiefly the latter. He also published a book on drawing, graving, and etching. B. in London, 1616; D. 1691.-Walpole gives a considerable list of the prints of this artist. His son, William, was a good engraver in mezzotinto. FAL, fal, a river of England, in Cornwall, rising near the centre of the county, and flowing into the sea at Falmouth. FALAISE, fa-lais', a town of France, in the department Calvados, 15 miles from Caen. The castle, which stands on a precipice, is in ruins, with the exception of a tower. Manf. Lace, linen, hosiery, and cotton yarn. Pop. 9,000.-In the castle here, William the Conqueror was born, in 1024. FALCONBERG, Mary, Countess of, fall-kon-berg, the third daughter of Oliver Cromwell, and wife of Thomas, Viscount Falconberg. She was a woman of considerable talents, a member of the church of England, and contributed to the restoration of Charles II. D. 1712. (See CROMWELL.) FALCONER, William, fal'-ko-ner, a Scotch poet, who |