His later correspondence shows that the article sent in this communication was "Critics and Criticism," which was not accepted, and he sent it to Graham's, where it did not find publication until after his death. His income does not appear to have been sufficient for his needs, and he had to resort to his former habit of borrowing, as evidenced by a sixty days' note given by him for sixty-seven dollars, February 3, 1849, to Isaac Cooper, brother of the novelist. In this same month he wrote in a letter to F. W. Thomas: "Right glad am I to find you once more in a true position

in the field of letters.' Depend upon it after all, Thomas, literature is the most noble of professions. In fact, it is about the only one fit for a man. For my own part there is no seducing me from the path. I shall be a littérateur, at least, all my life; nor would I abandon the hopes which still lead me on for all the gold in California." He had also remarked to a friend, "One Richard, whom you know is himself again." He sent a review of Griswold's Female Poets of America to the Messenger for February, which has been overlooked by previous biographers. In the March number he wrote his criticism on Lowell's A Fable for Critics. He wrote for Godey's, and had also become a regular contributor to the Boston Flag of Our Union. His contributions there have never been known with any degree of certainty until now. He contributed: March 3, "A Valentine"; March 17, "Hop Frog"; March 31, "A Dream within a Dream"; April 14, "Von Kempelen and his Discovery"; April 21, "Eldorado"; April 28, "For Annie"; May 12, "Xing a Paragrab"; June 9, "Landor's Cottage," and July 7, "Sonnet- To my Mother." These were mentioned as by Edgar A. Poe, a regular contributor.

In May Poe's hopes for the publication of his Stylus were revived by finding a partner in E. H. Patterson. It was with the object of securing subscriptions for this that he started South in June. At Philadelphia he met with his old companions again, with the usual result that he was in the end desperately ill. His friend John Sartain and others took care of him, and he finally arrived in Richmond, Saturday, July 14, 1849. He stopped at the old Swan Tavern, where Dr. George W. Rawlings, the physician who was with his early companion Burling when he died of cholera, attended him.

Dr. Rawlings, who lived in a small frame house on Broad Street adjoining the Swan Tavern, stated that in his delirium Poe drew a pistol and tried to shoot him. Burling, before his death about 1832, lived around the corner from Dr. Rawlings on Ninth Street. When Poe recovered he joined a temperance society. A reference to this from the Philadelphia Bulletin was copied in the Richmond Whig in September, while Poe was in Richmond. The same paper about this time copied a favorable notice from the Cincinnati Atlas, referring to Poe's visit to Richmond and his lecture. A lengthy review of Mrs. Osgood's poems, written by Poe, appeared in the August Messenger. He delivered his first lecture August 17 in the Exchange concert rooms. His subject was the "Poetic Principle." The Whig had a favorable notice, and urged him to repeat the lecture. Poe has written in his letters of this lecture, and mentioned that all the press notices were favorable except one written by Daniel, whom he had once challenged. This notice, inaccessible until now, is of interest, and appeared in the Examiner of August 21, as follows:

"Poe's subject was the 'Poetic Principle,' and he treated it with all the acuteness and imagination that we had expected from him. We were glad to hear the lecturer explode what he properly pronounced to be the poetic 'heresy of modern times,' to wit: that poetry should have a purpose, an end to accomplish beyond that of ministering to our sense of the beautiful. We have in these days poets of humanity and poets of universal suffrage, poets whose mission it is to break down corn laws and poets to build up,workhouses. The idea infects half the criticism and all the poetry of this utilitarian country. But no idea can be more false, as we have elementary faculties in our minds whose end is to reason, others to perceive colors and forms, and others to construct, and as argument, painting, and mechanics are the products of those faculties and are only intended for them; as we have nerves to be pleased with perfumes; others with gay colors and others with the contact of soft bodies-so have we an elementary faculty for perceiving beauty with ends of its own and means of its own - Poetry is the product of this faculty, and of no other; it is addressed to the sense of the beautiful and to no other sense. It is ever injured when subjected to the criterion of other faculties, and was never intended to fulfill any other objects than those peculiar to the organ of the mind from which it received its birth. Mr. Poe made good his distinction with a great deal of acuteness and in a very clever manner. His various pieces of criticism upon the popular poets of the country were for the most part just, and were very entertaining. But we were disappointed in Mr. Poe's recitations. We had heard a good deal of his manner, but it does not answer our

wants. His voice is soft and distinct, but neither clear nor sonorous. He does not make rhyme effective; he reads all verse like blank verse; and yet he gives it a sing song of his own more monotonous than any versification. On the two last syllables of every sentence he invariably falls a fifth. He did not make his own 'Raven' an effective piece of reading. At this we would not be surprised were any other than the author its reader. The chief charm perhaps of that extraordinary composition is the strange and subtle music of the versification. As in Mr. Longfellow's rhythm we can hear it with our mind's ear while we read it ourselves, but no human organs are sufficiently delicate to weave it into articulate sounds. For this reason we are not surprised at ordinary failures in reading these pieces. But we anticipated some peculiar charm in their utterances by the lips of him who created the verse, and in this case we were disappointed. A large audience was in attendance. Indeed the concert room was completely filled. Mr. Poe commenced his career in this city, and those who had not seen him since the days of his obscurity of course felt no little curiosity to behold so famous a townsman. Mr. Poe is a small thin man, slightly formed, keen visaged, with dark complexion, dark hair, and we believe dark eyes. His face is not an ordinary one. The forehead is well developed and the nose somewhat more prominent than usual. Mr. Poe is a man of very decided genius. Indeed we know of no other writer in the United States who has half the chance to be remembered in the history of literature. But his reputation will rest on a very small minority of his compositions. Among all his poems there are only two pieces which are not execrably bad,

"The Raven' and 'Dream-Land.' The majority of his prose compositions are the children of want and dyspepsia, of the printer's devils and the blue devils - had he possessed the power of applying his creative faculty,

as have the Miltons, the Shakespeares, and all the other demiurgi, - he would have been a great man. But there is not one trace of that power in any of his compositions that we have read; and if rumor is to be credited his career has been that of the Marlowes, the Jonsons, the Dekkers, and the Websters, the old dramatists and translunary rowdies of the Elizabethan age. Had Mr. Poe possessed talent in the place of genius, he might have been a popular and moneymaking author. He would have written a great many more good things than he has; but his title to immortality would not and could not be surer than it is For the few things that the author has written which are at all tolerable are coins stamped with the unmistakable die. They are of themselves, sui generis, unlike any diagrams in Time's kaleidoscope, either past, present, or to come-and gleam with the diamond hues of Eternity."

Poe afterwards called to see Daniel to disabuse his mind of the unfavorable portions of this criticism. He succeeded in so far as to effect an arrangement to become an associate with Daniel on the Examiner newspaper. It was arranged that he was to do the book reviewing and other literary work. He was also to revise and republish his writings, especially his poems, and the principal poems were to be published in the Examiner. He was shown a desk by Daniel and asked to commence work. This was Daniel's way, and it was also his habit not to say much in his paper about his