The Elements of Mechanics

James Renwick

Carey & Lea, 1832 - 508 頁

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General Principles PAGE	1

Determination of the resultant of two forces converg	12

Equilibrium of Parallel Forces PAGE	16

Equilibrium of Forces in the same plane but neither parallel nor converging to a single point 333	33

Of motion in general Uniform motion General principles	39

Westerly winds between the parallels of 30 and 40	40

CHAP II	46

Investigation of the general circumstances of curvilinear	52

CHAP V	277

and 289 Comparison of the methods of Borda	288

Comparison of the two foregoing systems	294

Of Collision PAGE	300

The state of the common centre of gravity in respect	309

Characters of liquids	312

and 314 Investigation of the general conditions of the equilibrium of fluids	313

Equilibrium of Gravitating Liquids	314

Principle of Virtual Velocities	72

Forces that determine the mechanical state of bodies	81

Division of the subject growing out of the different me chanical states of bodies	82

Quantity of motion in bodies CHAP II	83

84 Fall of heavy bodies near the earth	84

Direction of the force of gravity	85

Convergence of these directions PAGE	86

Relation of the attraction of gravitation to the quantity of matter and velocity	87

Question in relation to the mutual attraction of bodies	88

Experiment of Schehallien	89

Principles of the experiment of Cavendish	90

Description of the apparatus of Cavendish	91

Principles on which the mass of the planets is deter mined	92

Consideration of gravity as an accelerating force	93

Experiments of Galileo	94

Experiments and machine of Atwood	95

and 97 Proofs of the mutual action of the earth and moon Law according to which the intensity of gra vity decreases	96

Proofs of the universal influence of gravitation	98

Force of gravity cannot be considered constant even at small distances from the surface of the earth	99

Effect of the earths rotation on the force of gravity at the earths surface	100

Investigation of the relation between the centrifugal force at the equator and the whole force of gravity	101

Effect of the combined action of gravitation and the cen trifugal force on the figure of the earth	102

Recapitulation of the laws of universal gravitation	103

104 Direction of the force of gravity Definition of Weight	104

Definition of the Centre of Gravity Application of the conditions of equilibrium of parallel forces to the determination of the position of the centre of...	105

Conditions of equilibrium of a body supported by a point	106

Conditions of equilibrium of a body resting on an edge	107

and 109 Conditions of equilibrium of a body resting	108

a surface	109

Effect of the figure of bodies on their stability	110

Stability of bodies resting on inclined surfaces	111

Conditions of equilibrium in bodies resting on points	112

Resistances to the motion of bodies	116

100	117

CHAP V	124

Definition of the Lever	134

Examples of the use of the different kinds of lever	139

Principles on which the properties of the balance depend	140

Error arising from inequality of the arms of a balance Mode of counteracting and correcting that error	141

Properties of a good balance	142

Condition of equilibrium in a compound system of levers	143

Description and theory of the platform balance	144

Description and theory of the steelyard 146 Investigation of the effect of friction upon the lever Of the Wheel and Axle PAGE	145

Combinations of wheels and axles by means of bands	148

Wheels and Pinions	149

Examination of the proper form to be given to the teeth of wheels and pinions	150

Change of intensity of force and of velocity produced in the action of wheels upon pinions and of pinions upon wheels	151

Change in the direction of motion produced by different forms of the wheel and pinion	152

Effect of friction upon the equilibrium of the wheel and axle	153

Allowance for friction in the action of wheels and pin ions	154

Conditions of equilibrium in the fixed and moveable Pulley	155

Conditions of equilibrium in combinations of pullies	156

Effect of a want of parallelism in the ropes on the equi librium of pullies	157

Friction of pullies and modes of lessening	158

Of the Wedge 159 Definition of the Wedge	159

Condition of equilibrium in the isosceles wedge	160

Practical action of the wedge	161

Valuable applications of the wedge	162

Extension of the principle of the wedge to bodies of other figures	163

and 165 Effect of friction on the action of the wedge Of the Inclined Plane	164

Definition of the Inclined Plane and mode in which the forces act upon	166

Conditions of equilibrium in the inclined plane	167

Applications of the inclined plane	168

Effect of friction on the equilibrium of the inclined plane	169

146	171

155	173

Of the Equilibrium of Artificial Structures	184

Expressions for the resistance of a rectangular pillar to a crushing force	190

Equilibrium of Terraces	196

Reasons for the use of Arches Different materials	206

Comparison between domes and cylindric vaults	214

Of Cast Iron Arches	218

Theory of chain bridges	227

Theory of the Moment of Inertia	242

Circumstances of the motion of projectiles abstracting	252

CHAP IV	267

Condition of equilibrium in gravitating liquids	316

Figure of the surface of gravitating liquids	317

Definition of the art of Levelling	318

Description of the Water Level	319

Description of the Spirit Level	320

Mode of using the spirit level	321

Description of the Masons Level	322

Correction of level for the sphericity of the earth	323

Effect of atmospheric refraction on levelling	324

Equilibrium of a homogeneous liquid in a bent tube	325

Equilibrium of heterogeneous liquids PAGE	326

Effects produced on the weight of solids immersed in fluids	327

Equilibrium of a solid floating at the surface of a liquid 329 Comparison of the immersion of the same body floating on different liquids	328

Investigation of the expressions for the pressure of a liquid on a surface	330

Inferences from the foregoing investigation	331

Action of a liquid to change the direction and intensity of the forces that act upon	332

Hydrostatic paradox	333

Comparison of the theory with the results of experiment	334

Properties of the centre of fluid pressure 336 Investigation of the amount of pressures exerted by a liquid on a body immersed in it CHAP IV	335

Definition of Specific Gravity standard in which it is estimated	337

Changes produced in the density of water by variations of temperature	338

Principles of the method of specific gravities	339

Modes of determining the specific gravity of solid bodies	340

Modes of determining the specific gravity of liquids	341

Method of ascertaining the weight of given bulks	342

liquids 325	347

Characters of condensable elastic fluids or Vapours	353

Of the Air Pump	359

Experimental investigation of the law of Mariotte	365

Vapour is formed at other temperatures than that at which	370

Properties common to liquids and elastic fluids buoy	374

Method of determining the specific gravity of gases Table of the specific gravity of gases	377

BOOK VI	397

Of the Motion of Liquids in Open Channels	421

Investigation of the strength of the walls of a lock	428

Description of the gates of locks	429

Investigation of the proper angle for the leaves of the gates of locks	430

Principles on which the proper height of locks is deter mined	431

Principles that determine the size of locks	432

Defects of locks placed in juxtaposition	433

Mode of diminishing the waste of water in deep locks	434

Estimate of the waste of water in canals arising from leakage and evaporation	435

CHAP VII	437

Use of reservoirs in clarifying the water of canals	438

Culverts	439

Aqueducts	440

Wastegates	441

Inclined planes	442

Description of the lock of Betancourt	443

444 Definition of the Resistance of a Fluid	444

Theory of the resistance of fluids	445

Experimental inferences of Bossut Analysis of	446

Circumstances of the resistance to bodies immersed in fluids	447

Circumstances of the resistance to bodies floating at the surface of liquids	448

Limit to the velocity with which bodies can move at the surface of liquids	449

Formulæ for the resistance of fluids by Bossut and Romme CHAP IX	450

451 Mode in which Waves may be formed at the surface of a liquid	451

Comparison between the motion of waves and the oscil lation of a liquid in a bent tube	452

Theory of the oscillations of a liquid in a bent tube	453

Application of the foregoing theory to the case of waves	454

Reflection of waves	455

Interference of systems of waves	456

Propagation of waves through vertical orifices	457

Examination of the phenomena of waves raised by the winds	458

Effect of inclined obstacles upon the motion of waves	459

CHAP XI	479

Of the Winds	486

Land and Sea Breezes	487

488 Cause of the existence of Vapour in the atmosphere	488

Phenomena of an atmosphere of vapour over a sphere of uniform temperature and surface	489

Phenomena in the case of an uniform decrease of tem	490

Influence of the aerial part of the atmosphere	491

Effects of diminution of temperature in rising in the aerial atmosphere	492

Motions in the aqueous atmosphere growing out of the unequal distribution of land and water	493

Influence of the winds on the distribution of vapour	494

Origin of springs and rivers	505

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The Elements of Mechanics
James Renwick
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accelerating force action angle applied arch axis axle ball beam becomes called centre of gravity centrifugal force circle circular arc circumference column conditions of equilibrium constant curve cycloid cylinder density described determined diameter distance earth elastic equal equation experiments extrados fall feet fixed point fluid force of gravity forces act forces that act formula friction hence horizontal hydrometer inclined plane increase inferred intensity inversely investigation latter length lever liquid magnitude manner mass measure mercury moment of inertia move obtain oscillation parabola parallel forces parallelopiped particles passing pendulum perpendicular plane curve point of application position pressure principle proportioned pulley quantity of motion radius ratio rectangular rection represented resistance respect rest resultant rotation screw space specific gravity square straight line strength substances surface suspended temperature tion tube unit velocity vertical vessel voussoirs weight wheel whence

書目資訊

書名	The Elements of Mechanics
作者	James Renwick
出版者	Carey & Lea, 1832
來源：	密西根大學
已數位化	2007年6月29日
頁數	508 頁

匯出書目資料	BiBTeX EndNote RefMan

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