hat it comes from. So with holiday, which is holy day; ■g, which is furrow-long; fortnight, which is fourteen night; th forehead and breakfast, and many others. 3. Indeed, we can only make a beginning of understanding the derivand composition of English words, unless we study their history, in the anguages from which our English has come, and the other languages hich it is related (3). 7. Thus far we have been looking at the words we use in to be able to tell to what class each one belongs, or what of speech" it is; to see what are the principal uses of each of speech in the sentence; how some parts of speech are ted; and how some words are derived from others, or put her to form others. Now we need to take up each part of 1 by itself, and examine it more fully with regard to some ese matters. EXERCISES TO CHAPTER IV. FOR ANALYZING DERIVATIVE AND COMPOUND WORDS. ust be left to the judgment of the teacher, how far the pupils shall be ed or required to take apart and explain the derivative and compound which occur in the exercises. If he chooses, this whole fourth chapter omitted at first, and also the paragraphs on simple, derivative, and und words in the following chapters on the parts of speech; and the subject may be left until the Grammar is studied through a second time. is believed that nothing is brought forward here which is not so simple mentary that even young scholars may take it up with advantage; and ercise from the beginning in such simple analysis as the chapter illuswill be a useful introduction to that study of the history of English which is to be aimed at, but which only more advanced works can y deal with. enlightened teacher should supplement from his own knowledge the es started here, adapting his further instruction to the capacities of his lie breast-high in the fence-corners. The industrious lab wins wealth and happiness. This proud countess was onl beggar-girl in her childhood; she is the heroine of a wonde and almost incredible story. The prisoner escaped from the k ing of his kind-hearted jailer; but the runaway was spee recaptured, after a brief but wearisome chase. The rosy-fa school-boy runs to the play-ground with joyous swiftness. Y lordship is welcome. My grandfather sat in his easy-chair, gazed at the beautiful landscape. The pickpocket was caugh the policeman, and, for security, placed in close confinement. penknife lies beside the inkstand on his study-table. Great princes have great playthings. Blind unbelief is sure to err. Misery acquaints a man with strange bedfellows. "Tis Jove's world-wandering herald. The breezy call of incense-breathing morn, The swallow twittering from the straw-built shed, Descends the snow. Athens arose -a city such as vision Builds from the purple crags and silver towers Of kingliest masonry; the ocean-floors By thunder-zoned winds, each head Within its cloudy wings with sun-fire garlanded. . A NOUN is, as we have seen (32), the name of ng. have noticed the principal uses of the noun in the senMost important of all, it is the subject of the sentence: the sun shines; horses run. also the object of a verb (71): thus, I see the sun; he drives the horses. governed by a preposition (44): thus, look at the sun with my eyes, through a glass. qualified by an adjective: thus, at the bright sun, not with my naked eyes, but through a dark glass. e are other uses of the noun, which will be explained but these are the ones by which we can best try a word, vhether it is or is not to be called a noun. CLASSES OF NOUNS. - A noun is sometimes the name of a separate or ual object: thus, a noun is also the name of a part of such an object: поин 1 по ощу ще пате дуаш, а hat can be seen and touched, like those mentioned abo out of one that is perceived by other senses: thus, noise, thunder, odor, flavor. Also, of things which we conceive of as existing, tho our senses do not show them to us directly: thus, 111. Nouns are names also of a vast number of qu ties and conditions and relations of objects: for exampl These are called ABSTRACT nouns, because we abstract (that 'draw off, separate') the qualities, and so forth, from the obj to which they belong, and think of them by themselves, as they had a separate existence. 112. Anything, in short, which we can put before minds in such a way as to say something about it, or make it by itself the subject of an assertion, we have call by a name, and that name is a noun. Thus, if we see one boy strike another with a stick, we only name the three separate things concerned, saying John struck James with a stick; but also the parts: thus, the hand that held the stick; the cheek which the stick struck. And we name the act itself, speaking of the stroke or blow which was struck by John. e pain of the blow was severe; e mark of the blow remained noralize about it thus: long time. 'iking one's companion deserves punishment; h an occurrence is painful enough; sight was disagreeable to me; lless to attempt to classify the whole infinite variety of nouns, but a of especial importance have to be noticed. A noun is generally the name of each member of a lass of similar things; it belongs to a number of individuals, and to one of them just as much as to : for example, man, dog, city, country, day, month, star. 1 some classes the different individuals are of imenough to have names as individuals, distinguishfrom others of the same class. each country, each city or town of a country, each street , has its own name, by which it may be known from ntries, towns, or streets: for example, England, Germany, America, China; London, Paris, Berlin, New York, Peking; Ludgate, Cornhill, the Boulevards, Broadway. h day of the week and month of the year: as, Wednesday, Saturday; March, December. h planet or star: as, Venus, Jupiter, Antares, the Pleiades. its acquaintances, each dog: as, Tray, Spot, Nix, Rover, Cæsar. |