ADAMS, John, late president of the United at Moscow the same year. The first acts of his States, was born at Boston, about 1735, and reign, were distinguished for their wisdom and bred to the bar, of which he became a distinguish-lenity. He ordered the recruiting for the army ed member. He was conspicuous as one of the to be discontinued, the public taxes to be dininfirst and most decided opponents of the encroach-||ished, the situation of the exiles to be examined, ments of the British government, on the rights and their miseries alleviated; he abolished the and liberties of the colonies, and as one of the censorship of writings, and gave liberty to the most energetic friends of the revolution. He press; he corrected the administration of juswas a member of the continental congress in tice; established a uniformity of weights and 1776, and one of the signers of the declaration measures, throughout his empire; encouraged of Independence. He was afterwards sent as learning and science, and patronized literary ininister from the congress to Holland, and was men; and also liberally endowed schools and acknowledged in that character by the states. universities, in different parts of the empire. While he retained that station, he rendered im-The invasion of Russia in 1812, by Napoleon, portant services to his country by procuring and the subsequent events which resulted in the loans, and concluding treaties of amity and com- defeat and dethronement of that emperor, are merce. Toward the close of the revolutionary familiarly known; they were such as greatly war, he was appointed, together with Dr. Frank- to elevate the character and influence of Alexlin, Mr. Jay, and Mr. Laurens, commissioner ander, and to place him first on the list of Eurofor negotiating a peace with Great Britain; with pean sovereigns. Later events, however, have this view he repaired to Paris, where with his contributed farther to develope his character; colleagues, he had the high honour of procuring they have shown him haughty, ambitious, and the recognition of the entire independence of tyrannical; the champion of legitimacy; the the colonies by that power, and of signing a enemy of liberal principles of civil government, treaty of peace to that effect. He was afterwards and the decided opponent of reform. He is now the first ambassador from the United States to the most efficient member of the Holy Alliance. Great Britain. On the adoption of the constitu- ANGOULEME, Louis Anthony de Bourbon, tion of the United States, Mr. Adams was chosen duc d', dauphin of France, is the oldest son of first vice president, and on the retirement of ge-Charles X., king of France, and of Maria neral Washington at the close of his second pre- Theresa, princess of Savoy. He was born at sidential term, he succeeded him as president Versailles, in 1775, and in early life was distinof the United States. Mr. Adams has resided guished for his mild and amiable disposition, as a private citizen on his estate at Quincy, and for his studious habits. At the beginning since his retirement from the presidency. He of the French revolution, he emigrated with his has written an able defence of the constitution father to the court of Turin, where for some of the United States. time he devoted himself to his studies. He ADAMS, John Quincy, is the son of the pre-afterwards commanded a corps of emigrants in ceding, and was born at Quincy, about 1765. He Germany. In 1799, he married the only daughhas long been engaged in public life, as the re-ter and surviving child of Louis XVI., his papresentative of Massachusetts, in the United ternal uncle, For several years he resided at States senate, and of his country, as her am-different European courts, as the interest or inbassador at several of the European courts. Heclinations of the sovereigns permitted, until 1800, was one of the commissioners, who signed the when he visited England, where he remained treaty of peace with Great Britain, at Ghent, in until the accession of Louis XVIII. to the 1815. The following year he was appointed throne. As lieutenant-general of the kingdom, secretary of state under Mr. Monroe, and dis charged the duties of that office, for eight years, with distinguished reputation and ability. Mr. Adams is now president of the United States, for the term of four years, from the 4th day of March, 1825.

he was taken prisoner by marshal Grouchy, when Buonaparte returned from Elba, but was permitted by the emperor to retire. Since that time he has only appeared in public, as commander of the French armies, in the late invasion of Spain. He is heir apparent to the French ALEXANDER, Paulowitz, emperor of Rus- throne. The duke and his dutchess are said to sia, is the eldest son of Paul I. He was born be extremely devout, but not sufficiently tolerant December 22, 1777, and married to Elizabeth toward the protestants of the kingdom. Alexiowna, princess of Baden, in 1793. He ANGOULEME, Maria Theresa Charlotte, ascended the throne in 1801, and was crowned ||dutchess d', is the sole surviving child of Louis

XVI., and his queen Maria Antoinette; she mar-since so much distinguished. In 1792, he was ried the duke in 1799. The unparalleled mis-sent by the elector of Cologn, to Vienna, to fortunes of her early life, have rendered her study the theory of music, under the celeMelancholy, both in appearance and in reality;brated Haydn; he has continued to reside in she has drank too deep of the bitter cup of that city since, under the patronage of several affliction, ever to forget it; and the traces of her distinguished noblemen, by whom he is inuniunexampled misery, are probably indelible. Sheficently supported. His works are far too nuis however distinguished for her piety, benevo-merous to be inentioned here; they are unilence and humanity. The events of her life,versally known, and are admitted to be producare identified with the history of France, and tions of the highest order: many of them will of the revolution. On the return of Buonaparte be heard with delight, after the overtures, even from Elba, she retired to Bourdeaux, where she of Mozart. Beethoven is extremely deaf; this, was received with acclamations; but being af-together with a degree of inattention to the orterwards deserted by the inhabitants, she em-dinary rules of politeness in private life, has debarked on board an English vessel for London,tracted somewhat from his reputation. He is from which place she joined Louis XVIII. at however, said to possess a nice sense of honour Ghent; she returned to Paris after the battle of and of moral rectitude, and an extensive acWaterloo; she has had no children. quaintance with literary and scientific subjects. BERNADOTTE, John Baptist Julius, now Charles John, king of Sweden, is the son of a BADEN, Charles Louis Frederick, duke of, citizen of Pau, in Bearn. He was born January was born in 1786, and married in 1806 to a cousin 26, 1764, and after receiving a limited education, of the empress Josephine, and the adopted daugh-commenced his career, as a private soldier in a ter of Napoleon. He succeeded to the dukedom regiment of royal marínes, at the beginning of of Baden, in 1810. During the wars on the con- the French revolution. His activity and valour tinent, he served with reputation, in several soon raised him from obscurity; in 1792, he atcampaigns under Buonaparte, by whom he was tained the rank of colonel, and the next year, highly esteemed. The inisfortunes of the em-that of general of brigade. From that time, his peror, however, and the disasters of the Russian reputation as an officer rapidly increased, and campaign, led him to form new connexions with his promotion in the French service, conse the other sovereigns of Europe; he joined the quently followed. He was appointed ambasallies, fought against the emperor, and was re-sador from France to Vienna, and to the Hague; warded by the allies, with an accession of terri-commander-in-chief of the army of the west, tory. He is one of the few German princes, who and minister of war. Buonaparte made him a has given a constitution to his people, founded on marshal of the empire, and gave him the princithe same basis as that of the kingdom of Wir-pality of Ponte Corvo. He was also decorated temburg.

B

BAILLIE, Joanna, is a single lady, who resides chiefly in her native country, Scotland She is distinguished for her talents and writings, and has published a series of plays in several volumes, illustrative of the strong passions of the mind. She has also written a collection of metrical legends of eminent characters in one volume.

with the order of the Eagle by the king of Prussia, and with the insignia of several other orders, by different princes. Until 1810, he was actively and successfully engaged as a general officer, under Napoleon, and maintained the reputation of a brave, skilful, and efficient commander. He was also distinguished no less for his humanity and moderation, than for his valour and energy. This fact, so foreign to the BARBAULD, Anna Letitia, is the daughter characters of the other French marshals, enof the Rev. John Aiken, an English dissenting deared him to the people of those countries clergyman, and wife of the Rev. R. Barbauld, through which the vicissitudes of war led him, master of a school in Norfolk. She was born in and contributed in a great degree to his present the year 1734, and was early instructed in the elevation. On the deposition of Gustavus AdolLatin and Greek languages by her father. This phus, in 1810, the throne of Sweden was withlady is distinguished for her learning, as well as out an heir, and he was selected by the principal for her numerous writings, which have gained inhabitants of that country, to supply the va her great celebrity. She is now far advanced in cancy. He was accordingly proclaimed by the life, and yet retains great vigour both of intellect states of Sweden, crown prince of that kingand of body. As a writer of prose, she has sur-dom, August, 1811, and adopted by Charles XIII. passed almost every female of her time, and is equalled for elegance of diction, and soundness of sense, by few of the other sex.

as his son. On receiving intelligence of that event at Paris, he solemnly renounced the cathotic religion; hastened his departure from France, BATHURST, Henry, earl, was born in 1762, and made his public entrance into Stockholm and succeeded his father, who was several years on the 1st of November following. From that lord chancellor of England, as earl, in 1794. As time to the present, he has been devoted to the a member of the house of commons, he was interests and prosperity of his adopted country, honoured with the confidence of Mr. Pitt. He and he has gained the confidence and esteem of was made a commissioner of the admiralty, in his subjects by his exertions for their welfare. 1783, and lord of the treasurv, in 1788, and has In 1813, Sweden entered into the coalition subsequently held several other important offices, against France, and the crown prince was apthe duties of which, he has discharged with pointed to command the right wing of the allied ability. He is now secretary of state for the army, consisting of nearly one hundred thousand colonial department, and one of the tellers of men; with this force he gained several importhe English exchequer. tant victories, and contributed to the overthrow of Napoleon. On the death of Charles XIII., February 5th, 1818, the crown prince was ele vated to the throne of Sweden, and has since been acknowledged by all the great powers of Europe as sovereign of that kingdom.

BEETHOVEN, Ludwig Van, was born at Boun, in the electorate of Cologn, in 1772, and at the early age of eleven, gave evidence of those great musical talents, both as a composer and performer, for which he has bee.

BERTRAND, count Henry Gratian, is des- he for a time, avoided taking any active part; cended from a respectable family in Touraine. but the time soon arrived, when he felt it his He took the oath of fidelity to Napoleon, and duty not to be kept inactive by a mere difference served as a general of artillery in the camp of of opinion; he then joined the ariny and engaged St. Omers, in 1806. The succeeding year he in the contest, with a zeal and patriotism, that was aid-de-camp to the emperor, and in that ca- raised him to popularity and influence. From pacity, acted a distinguished part in most of the that day to this, his history is before the world; campaigns of that period. In the battles of Aus it has been a succession of splendid achieveterlitz, and Friedland, he signalized himself as inents, which have gained for his name a mera brave and skilful general, and as a firm friend ited place on the same tablet with that of of the emperor; and he so far succeeded to his Washington. The brightest records of ancient confidence and favour, that he was named grand or modern fame, have nothing prouder to offer. marshal of the palace. Marshal Bertrand was Time must show, whether he will complete the engaged in the memorable campaign of Russia,parallel with his illustrious model, which may and the severe actions that ensued. He then thus far be run with so much apparent justice retired with the emperor to Elba, and, while Bolivar, was in his early career, unfortunate as there, was his confidential friend and adviser. a soldier; he has however triumphed over his On the return of Buonaparte from that island, disasters. For a considerable time he was suBertrand accompanied him as his first minister,preme dictator, with all the army at his comwas with him during the important events of mand; but when a favourable opportunity prethe" One hundred days," and after the battle sented, he voluntarily relinquished his power, of Waterloo, and the second abdication of the and returned to the rank of a private citizen. emperor, retired with him on board the Bellero-As president of the republic of Colombia, he phon, to share the banishment of his sovereign, has proved himself equally eminent as a statesto the island of St. Helena. Too much praise can-man, as well as a soldier. He has recently exnot be given to the gratitude and fidelity which hibited his magnanimity, and disinterestedness, induced this noble minded man, to quit his native by relinquishing supreme authority in an adjoincountry, and all the prospects of ambition, that ing state, for whose liberties he had been con he might soften the captivity of his fallen sove-tending; and by declining to accept a present of a reign. million of dollars, which had been voted him, by BLOOMFIELD, Robert, a distinguished Eng-the congress of Peru, for his patriotic services. lish poetical writer, was born in the county of Suffolk, in the year 1776. His father was a mechanic of middling circumstances, and with a large family dependant on him for support; he, of course, was enabled to give his children but a limited and common education. The death of "General Bolivar, or, as he is always called, this parent compelled Mr. Bloomfield, when a the Libertador, is about 5 feet 7, slender in his lad of eleven years old, to accept the employ-person, and, as the "Hero of the Equator,' ment of a farmer's boy. In the intervals of his which the Americans call him, might be suplabours, his native genius prompted him to pe-posed to be rather dark in his complexion. His ruse such books and newspapers as came within countenance, always of a serious cast, yet nothis reach, and even then, he wrote a small po-withstanding the mouztachio on his upper lip, em which was published in the London Maga- not ferocious, as many represent him; his eyes, zine. He now turned his attention to poe-dark hazel, are expressive and penetrating: he try during the hours of relaxation from labour, reads English, but does not speak more than a and composed many excellent pieces; the prin- few words. French he speaks fluently, though cipal of which, the "Farmer's Boy," as a de-not correctly. Apologizing one day for my scriptive poem, possesses great merit; it has ful-imperfect knowledge of French and Spanish; ly established the claim of the author to the ti-he said, "O, no matter, never regret it, your own tle of poet, and stamped his name with the honour of genius. He has also published songs, ballads, and other pieces; and the "Banks of Wye,

a poem.

There is reason to believe that he is about to attempt the liberation of Brazil from the domi nation of a Portuguese dynasty.

An American gentleman, in a letter from Lima, thus speaks of him:

fine idiom is the only one worth speaking; all that is liberal, all that is noble, is to be found in that. It is the language of liberty." He talks a great deal, and with apparent frankness, and BOLIVAR, Simon, is the most brilliant star without premeditation. He seems fond of soin Colombian history, and indeed in the history cial life, and never balks a party by going away of modern revolutions; and, to whatever it may prematurely, &c. On two occasions I have been be ascribed, whether to accident, good fortune, with him in large parties, once at a ball and or personal merit, or to all combined, he has supper, where he staid from eight in the evening raised himself to an eminent station in the list to five in the morning talked the whole time; of successful heroes and remarkable men. Heat supper, gave toasts and made speeches, and was born at Caraccas, about the year 1785, and s said to be descended of a noble and wealthy family of that place. After completing his studies at Madrid, where he received his education, he resided for some time at Paris, where he was intimate with Humboldt and Bonpland, and then travelled through England, France, and other countries of Europe. Before he returned to America, he had formed the design of devoting himself to the cause of South American independence, and he returned in season to Join Miranda and his associates, just as he had unfurled the standard of liberty in Venezuela. Being dissatisfied, however, with the general system of measures pursued by the patriot party,

after supper danced a waltz with a handsome girl. At a breakfast on Washington's birth day, the day he selected for his visit to the frigate United States, which lasted from eleven to three, he gave several toasts and speeches, in one of which he exalted the United States as infinitely surpassing every nation of ancient and modern times, in knowing how to unite the most entire liberty with the most perfect order, intelligence, and liberality.

His ambition appears to be of a lofty and fine description. He wishes to go down as the asserter and founder of South American Independence, and satisfied with an ample private fortune, disdains all accession of wealth. His favourite

projects are a canal across the isthmus, and the leon, was born at Ajaccio, Jan. 7, 1768, and reestablishment of a congress at Panama, to con-moved with his family to France, in 1793. The sist of a grand federative council, to decide on next year he married a mademoiselle Clary, sisall disputes between the different states; to ter to the present queen of Sweden. He was have an army which they shall call out when appointed by his brother a commissary in the either of the states or any foreign power com-army; and by the républic ambassador to Rome, mits an aggression. After settling the affairs of in 1797. On his return, he was chosen a deputhese countries, and establishing their peace and ty to the council of Five Hundred, and secretaindependence, it is his wish to travel through ry to that body. After the revolution of the 18th the United States and England, for both of Brumaire, his brother named him counsellor which countries he has a high admiration. His of state, and minister plenipotentiary to negoenmity against the Spaniards, nourished in the tiate a treaty of amity and commerce with the bloody war of Venezuela, is irreconcilable. All United States. He signed the treaty of Lunehis connexions were murdered by them, except ville, in 1801, and soon after concluded a peace an uncle whom he has in Spain." with Great Britain, at Amiens. He was nominated president of the senate, by the emperor, and honoured with the titles of prince and grand elector of the empire. This was but the prelude to farther advancement; he was raised to the

BOYER, John Peter, president of the island of Hayti, is a native of St. Domingo. Of his birth and early life, we are unable to give any particulars. He is said to be well educated, and it appears that he must long have possessed con-rank of general and commander-in-chief of the siderable influence in his native island, as on the death of Petion, he was elected president of the republic, without opposition. Since the death of Christophe, he has extended his authority over the whole island, and united all the inhabitants under his government. Boyer has recently procured, by negotiation, the recognition on the part of France, of the independent sovereignty of the whole island. So far as we are acquainted with the acts of his administration, he has given evidence of a strong mind, and of talents for governing, which might be coveted by some of the more legitimate sove-use. He also abolished the feudal rights, and reigns of Europe.

army of Naples, and lastly named lieutenantgeneral of that kingdom, which he had invaded at the head of a powerful army. On the 13th of Feb., 1806, king Ferdinand left Naples for Sicily, and the next day Joseph entered the city and took possession of the palace. He was soon after proclaimed king of Naples, and formally elevated to that dignity. As sovereign of the kingdom of Naples, he became subservient to the views and policy of Napoleon. He suppressed the religious orders, seized upon their property, and converted their lands to the public

created a new order, called the order of the Two BRYANT, William Cullen, a poet of con- Sicilies. He was likewise accused of resigning to siderable eminence, was born in the town of pleasure, hours which should have been devoted Cornington, Massachusetts. His father was a to business, and of preferring a voluptuous and respectable physician of that place. After com- ostentatious life, to the welfare and respect of pleting his preparatory studies, he became a his subjects. His administration, however, was inember of the Williamstown college, and re-far from being either tyrannical or cruel, and his mained there two years. He then commenced people complained rather of his prodigality of his professional studies, read law in an office expenditure, and the burthen of the public taxat Northampton, and settled as a lawyer in es, than of his vices or injustice. In the yea Great Barrington. His amiable character, and 1808, he was proclaimed king of Spain and the social qualities have obtained for him the re-Indies, by Napoleon, and he immediately quit gard of a large circle of friends; while his pure ted Naples, for his new monarchy. The civi taste and cultivated genius have excited admi-wars which ensued in Spain, the interference of ration on both sides of the Atlantic. He now resides at New York, and is an editor of the Atheneum Magazine (1825.)

the English, and the victories of Wellington, caused his overthrow in that kingdom, and his retreat from it, in 1813. He returned to France, BUONAPARTE, madam Letitia Romalina, and on the invasion of Russia, in 1814, he was mother to the late emperor of France, was born appointed by the emperor, lieutenant-general of at Ajaccio, in Corsica, 1750, and in 1767 married the empire, and commandant-general of the na an assessor to the tribunal of that island. On tional guards, and confidential adviser to the the death of her husband, she was left with a empress Maria Louisa, then invested with the numerous family, and without a fortune. She, regency. Being afterwards overpowered by the however, succeeded in gaining powerful friends allied army, he left the kingdom, and retired to and protectors, to some of whom she was in- Switzerland; and on the final abdication of Na debted for the elevation of her family. On the poleon, he came to the United States. He has invasion of Corsica by the English, she removed since resided as an American citizen, in the state to Marseilles, and from thence to Paris, where of New-Jersey, and has acquired the cont dence she resided until the downfall of the emperor.and esteem of the inhabitants of that state, and During the greater part of that period, she lived in all the splendour and luxury of a court, and received from the French people, that homage which was due to the mother of their Sovereign. But the elegance which surrounded this lady had no charms for her, and it was said, that she was constantly advising Napoleon to recollect, that the day of trial might come, when the dazzling glory with which he was encircled, might pass away. Since the abdication of the emperor, madam Buonaparte has resided in the states of the church, with her sons Lucien and Louis.

of the country. His wife resides with her two daughters in the vicinity of Frankfort.

BUONAPARTE, Lucien, was born in 1775, and went to France in 1793. He was at firs employed as a commissary of stores, in Belgium and did not commence his political career until 1797. He was then sent as a deputy to the council of Five Hundred, and, while a member of that body, was distinguished for his moderscion and love of justice. Perceiving that the then government was tottering, and that a change of affairs was approaching, Lucien wrote to his brother, then in Egypt, advising him of the BUONAPARTE, Joseph, brother to Napo-state of parties in France, and urging his return

and on the arrival of Napoleon, he acted a prin- the bar, where he rose to the highest rank of cipal part in the revolution which elevated his professional eminence. He was afterwards brother to the first consulship. His services on chosen a member of the United States senate that occasion were rewarded by an appointment from the state of New-York, and subsequently to the ministry, and by embassies abroad, in vice-president of the United States. A dispute which he amassed immense wealth. He was of a political nature, led to a personal encounter said to have been opposed to the elevation of between colonel Burr and general Alexander Napoleon to the throne; in consequence of Hamilton, in which the latter was mortally which, a coolness ensued between the brothers wounded. This event, and a charge of high which was so far increased by a subsequent treason against the United States, for which he inarriage of Lucien, that he was ordered to quit was tried and acquitted, have destroyed the chaFrance. He retired to Milan, and afterwards to racter and influence of colonel Burr, and cast a Rome. Subsequently he embarked for the Uni-stigma upon his reputation. For several years ted States, was taken prisoner by a British fri- after the above event, he resided in Europe. gate, and sent to England, where he continued He has now, however, returned to America, and until 1814. On the return of Buonaparte from resides in the city of New-York. Elba, he repaired to his assistance, and took an active part in the affairs of that period. Since the abdication of the emperor, he has resided at Rome. He has been created prince of Canino, by the pope.

mont.

CALHOUN, John C., is a native of South BUONAPARTE, Louis, third brother of Na- Carolina, and was born in the district of Abbepoleon, was born in the year 1778. He entered ville, about the year 1781. His father emigrated young into the military service, was with his from Pennsylvania to South Carolina, anterior brother in the campaigns of Italy and Egypt, to the revolution, and was an ardent whig durand returned from the latter country with des- ing that struggle. Mr. Calhoun laid the foundapatches for the directory. When Napoleon was tion of his classical attainments under the tuition proclaimed emperor, he was made a constable of the Rev. Dr. Waddel, after which he became of the empire, and governor-general of Pied- a student at Yale College, and graduated with In 1805, he succeeded Murat in the go- much distinction for his proficiency in metavernment of the city of Paris; he afterwards physics, mathematics, and the sciences genetook command of the army north, and on the rally; and with a high reputation for his talents. 4th of June, 1806, he became king of Holland. At this period, Dr. Dwight foretold the political Louis was distinguished for his miid and gentle eminence which he would one day attain. Mr. disposition, and for his love of justice. He made Calhoun prepared himself for the practice of his administration, so far as was in his power, law, attended the lectures of judge Reeve, at beneficial to his people; he diminished the tax- Litchfield, Conn., and soon after, rose to the es of the country, secretly encouraged trade, and first grade in his profession. In a short time he generally adopted such measures as acquired for became a member of the legislature of his native him the character of a good prince. His policy state, where he attracted great confidence, and so far interfered with the views of Napoleon, in two years he was elected to congress. Of this that he was compelled to relinquish the throne, body, Mr. Calhoun was an able, an eloquent, and he retired to Gratz, in Styria, and afterwards and a leading member, until the close of the to Rome, where he now resides. He has recent-year 1817, when he was appointed secretary at ly published an interesting work, relative to his war. In this capacity, "his attention was acreign over Holland.

tively directed to the great and important object BUONAPARTE, Jerome, the younger brother of the general defence," and his active mind of Napoleon, was born in 1784, and educated in seems to have pervaded and analyzed the great France. He went to St. Domingo with Le Clerc, and complicated mass of our national interests, as a lieutenant, and soon afterwards was ap- and to have formed almost a new creation in pointed to the command of a frigate. Buona the military department of the government." parte had so high an opinion of his nautical ta- In March, 1825, Mr. Calhoun was elected vicelents that he made him an admiral; he, how-president of the United States. He was a leadever, was soon dissatisfied, and transferred him ing, decided, and able advocate for the late war, to the army, where he rose to the command of and has ever been a uniform advocate for ina division. About the year 1801, Jerome visited ternal improvements, and also for a navy, "as the United States, and while here, he married a the appropriate armour for a free people, withMiss Patterson, daughter of a very respectable out endangering their liberty." As a statesman, gentleman of Baltimore. Napoleon compelled Mr. Calhoun is an ornament to his country, as him to divorce this lady, with a view of marry-a patriot, he is ardent and independent; and his ing a princess of the house of Wertemburg. colloquial powers are of the first order. This marriage took place in 1807, and he now CAMBACERES, John James Regis de, was resides with his family in the territory of Wer-born at Montpellier, of a respectable family, in temburg, under the title of count of Montfort. 1753, and educated for the bar. His talents soon BURR, Aaron, late vice-president of the Uni-gave him reputation, and in 1792, he was namted States, was born at Fairfield, in Connecticut, ed a deputy to the national convention, and, in in 1749, and educated at Princeton college, in that capacity, voted for the death of the king. New Jersey, of which his father was president. He was afterwards president of the council of At the age of twenty-five he was aid-de-camp Five Hundred, and minister of justice. On the to general Putnam, and he was afterwards lieu-elevation of Napoleon to the first consulship, tenant-colonel in one of the twelve regiments Cambaceres was created second consul, and, in of the new levy, in the revolutionary war. that office, devoted himself to the organization During the whole of that war he was distin-of the courts of justice. As emperor, Napoleon guished for his bravery, talents, and liberality. named him arch-chancellor of the empire, and At the close of the war he applied himself to a member of the legion of honour. He was inthe study of the law, and was soon called to defatigable in the service of the emperor, who