water very much. One thing we do know with certainty, as we have examined the water under a microscope, both before and after filtration, and that is, that our horses are getting a pure and good water. I do not know whether the water of other localities carries as many impurities as ours; nevertheless, I give you this suggestion, as it is possible that sometimes the origin of these epidemics that seem to strike a stable, and for which we cannot satisfactorily account, may lie in the water that is given to the horses.

Mr. James H. Johnston, of Savannah: I would ask the gentleman if the people filter their water?

Mr. Wyman: In a great many places they do, as for example, in many of the larger restaurants. I cannot say as to the general extent of the practice, but I believe it to be quite extensively done, and that the use of the filter is constantly becoming more general.

REMARKS OF MR. JOHN H. HALL ON WATER AND FEED TROUGHS FOR HORSES.

Mr. Hall I would like to corroborate Mr. Wyman's statement in regard to the water. I would like to give the Convention the benefit of my experience, as a great many will have to continue the use of animal power. I have been managing a road for about sixteen years. For nine years out of that time we used the water supply of our city in the barn. My animals got disgusted with it. apparently. I went to an expense of a thousand dollars to convey water from a spring half a mile from the barn to supply them with water. Before introducing the spring, our medicine bill would run from six to twenty dollars a month for medicines for colic and kidney complaints. Since we have introduced the spring water, I do not remember the passage of a bill by our auditing committee for medicine, except for liniment. Our mules have improved at least fifty per cent. I have not had a case of colic in the barn for two years, and I am there every day when at home. In this connection I would like to speak in regard to feed troughs. I used primarily the wooden trough, when I used to feed oats and corn whole and uncut hay. I found that the wooden trough being square, the corners would get foul and sour. I looked about for matter, wherever I

a metallic trough, and in investigating the

found in use the cast-iron trough, I found that it would get rusty

and was objectionable. The result was I procured some twenty quart enamel kettles, and have used them for several years; and never have a sour or foul trough. The stablemen can take a sponge and in ten minutes can clean the troughs for a hundred animals. I never have an animal leave his food in the trough or refuse to eat it.

REMARKS OF MR. WM. RICHARDSON ON THE COLOR

OF HORSES.

Mr. Wm. Richardson: In answer to the question my friend Jenkins asked in regard to the color of horses, I can state, as the result of nearly twenty-five years' experience in railroading, that I am convinced there is no color that will average equal to the roan, so far as you can get it, from the strawberry roan to the steel roan, in all its different shades and colors. A dark gray is very good; and there is nothing better, so far as you can get them, than a dark dun, with a black stripe down the back and black There is no tougher horse going than that. The misfortune is that we cannot get enough of them. I agree with Mr. Wyman that the grays-the dark grays—are among the best horses. What is known as a flea-bitten gray, having little specks all over, is generally a very tough animal. The bays, as he says, are only

legs.

fair

average. I wish to mention one thing especially; never get a horse with a white hoof, if you can avoid it, particularly the fore hoof. Light colored horses having dark hoofs are much stronger and tougher, and wear better; but especially, in selecting your horses, choose those with hollow hoofs. Avoid all flat-footed

horses.

Mr. Harris, of Cincinnati : Mr. Richardson, what kind of shoes do you use in New York?

Mr. Wm. Richardson: All kinds, sir; but the Goodenough is “good enough" for us. It is a very difficult thing, however, to keep some horseshoers from feeling that horses are better when shod with calks: that is, if they are put on stilts an inch high.

Mr. Harris: You get the privilege of trying a horse ten days ; where we are they do not give us the privilege of trying them one

day or one

trip.

Mr. Wm. Richardson: I think it is your own fault that you do not get it; I think if you insisted on it, you would.

Mr. Harris I think they would charge us a dollar a day for each horse. I think we can buy them cheaper by inspecting them and buying them at once.

Mr. Wm. Richardson: Will the gentleman tell me what he pays? Mr. Harris: The horses average about one hundred and fifteen dollars; they run from ninety to about one hundred and thirty dollars.

Mr. Wm. Richardson: With us, for a horse suitable for our use, weighing about eleven hundred pounds; a good, chunky, wellbuilt horse, fifteen and a half to sixteen hands high, active and light on his feet, free from tricks and defects, we are willing to pay one hundred and fifty dollars, if we get ten days' trial. We want first to see if he is a kicker, biter or balker, or has any other bad traits, not discoverable on sight.

Mr. Harris: I will state that the agents of horse dealers in New York City buy horses in our market, near Cincinnati, and pay about one hundred and twenty-five dollars for each horse that goes East; and when these agents are not there and buying the horses in my own market, I can get them for a little less money. Mr. Wm. Richardson: It costs ten or fifteen dollars to get them to New York.

Mr. Harris Fully.

ACTION RELATIVE TO THE APPOINTMENT OF THE

WORLD FAIR'S COMMITTEE.

Mr. Pearson: If I am in order, I move that a committee of nine be appointed by the Chairman for the purpose of carrying out the recommendations of the Executive Committee in relation to the Exposition of 1892.

The motion was carried.

Mr. Wm. Richardson: I move that when we take a recess this morning, it be to meet again at three o'clock this afternoon. Carried.

Mr. Windsor offered the following resolutions:

ACTION RELATIVE TO COURTESIES RECEIVED FROM

TRAFFIC ASSOCIATIONS.

Resolved, That the thanks of the American Street-Railway Association be and they are hereby tendered to the Companies that are members of the Trunk Line, Central Traffic, Western States and Southern Passenger Associations. which extended the courtesy of a fare and one-third to the delegates and their friends in attendance upon the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Association in the city of Minneapolis.

Resolved, That the Secretary be instructed to notify the several Traffic Associations of the action of the Association.

The resolutions were adopted.

Mr. Wyman has a

The President: It is just twelve o'clock. paper to read from Mr Scribner, and I doubt if we could put in our time to better advantage before lunch than to hear this paper. Mr. Wyman: In behalf of Mr. Scribner, I wish to say to you that he is unavoidably detained in New York, although he had intended to be here, and had anticipated a great deal of pleasure in meeting with the gentlemen of this Association. He found at the last moment that it would be impossible for him to come, and he desired me to present in his behalf to you his excuses, and at the same time his regret at thus being deprived of the pleasure of attending this meeting and the profit which he certainly would have received.

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC AND STATE
TREATMENT OF CORPORATIONS.

Mr. Wyman read the paper, as follows:

THE AMERICAN STREET-RAILWAY ASSOCIATION,

That this theory is false in fact,

Gentlemen:-It is a theory that goes apparently unchallenged that when a corporation of any kind is formed, the public under whose laws it is organized surrenders something of value to itself or makes some sacrifice to the corporation; and that, therefore, it is not unjust for the State to place such burdens, restrictions and reclamations upon the corporation from time to time, as shall in the opinion of the public keep the balance even between what the corporation has received from the public and is yielding to it. unjust in morals and pernicious in practice, is capable, I think, of demonstration. In the first place, under no conceivable circumstances is the State justified in surrendering or permitting to one man or any organization of men anything which, surrendered or permitted, does not make for the good of the public, or, I may add, does not make for the greatest good of the public when so surrendered or permitted. This proposition is so evident to my mind that it is difficult to argue it. It is not only true in the abstract, but universally true in the concrete. Remembering that the State is only the public organized for action, that it is not only supreme but is of necessity as supremely selfish as the individuals of which it is composed, it follows that its strongest motive will always be and must be to do what it conceives to be for its own greatest good. It seems rational, then, to suppose that when the organized public or State authorizes a number of its citizens to carry on an industry under certain specified restrictions and conditions, it is moved to do so because it is believed to be for the greatest good of the public that this particular industry should be car

ried on in that way.

At any rate it must be plain to the most untutored mind that if such is not the motive and purpose, then the thing ought not to be done in that way at all. No sooner, however, is a corporation formed than it is

stigmatized, first as a monopoly, notwithstanding it may have been organized under a general law which leaves the field of industry it is about to enter as free to all new-comers who choose to organize and enter it in the same way as the grocery or dry goods business is open to the individual. Such, for instance, is the character under present laws of nearly all railroad companies, and without exception of all other companies.

In the second place, the corporation so formed no sooner enters business than its stockholders, directors and officers are made to feel in many ways-through the agency of the press, too frequently, and always by first contact with public officials, that it lives by sufferance; that its birth and being, though reluctantly permitted, is not approved by the public nor by the State; that its methods and purposes are in some way inimical to the public, and that the rights of every other citizen making up the great public have been and are being infringed in just the proportion that the corporation is prosperous; and lastly, that a very profitable business on the part of the corporation is a downright robbery of others, especially of those who are not engaged in the same line of business at all. Now exactly what part of the entire industries of the country are performed under such misguided and demoralizing notions I have not the data at hand to determine, but as the steam railroads constitute about one-eighth of all the property in the United States, it is probable that including moneyed corporations at least one-quarter of all that is done in this country rests under the unjust ban of being done by these grasping and soulless agencies which, according to public opinion, have in some way wrung from the other three-quarters a right and franchise to injure and rob them, and that no opportunity is ever lost by the corporation in exercising such power to the fullest possible extent. Those who hold such views (and few are to be found who do not), never seem to consider whether it would not be possibly a wiser and better policy on the part of the injured public, who not only authorized but is still authorizing the formation of corporations, to call a halt and take measures to undo its past work by utterly destroying all corporations at once.

Instead, however, of adopting such a course, which is certainly the only logical one if corporations do live and thrive at the expense of others, the State breaks its covenants with the corporations by placing upon them additional restrictions and burdens, supervising them and prying into their affairs, and if their business is found to be profitable, asking them with authority and force to divide their profits with the State, in some instances compelling them to pay the entire expenses of the State, as in Pennsylvania, and in all cases taxing them excessively and on a different basis from individual taxation. More than all this, in visiting them and dealing with them the State is sure to trample ruthlessly upon all those safeguards and proprieties which hedge about the individual and his affairs under the organic law. Of course courts and juries are animated with the same feelings growing out of these prejudices and preconceived opinions. It has at last come to be the rule that in any case against a corporation for injury to the person or property, if the judge allows the case to go to the jury, a verdict for the plaintiff is assured. It is curious and almost amusing to note how in some cases where, if any recovery were justified, it should be, say $5.000, the jury finding the corporation entirely blameless will come in with a little verdict