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EUROPEAN AND OTHER FACTORIES.

103

old printed list of the factories with the Chinese names and significations, which I regard as quite a curiosity. It is as follows:-E-wo hong (Righteousness and Peace factory) is the Creek factory. Tseep-ee hong (Assembled Righteousnesses factory) is the Dutch factory. Pow-wo hong (the factory that ensures tranquillity) is the English factory. Fung-tae hong (Affluent Great factory) is called Chow-chow factory, which means that it is occupied by different people; Parsees, Moormen and others. Lung-shun hong (the Gloriously Prosperous factory) is the old English factory. Suy hong is the Swedish factory, and the Canton people call a Swede, Suy. Ma-ying hong (the Twin Eagle factory) is the Imperial factory. Then there are, the Pow-shun hong (the Precious Prosperous factory), and Man-yune hong (the factory of Ten Thousand Fountains). Kwongyune hong (the factory of Wide Fountains) is the American factory. Kaw-hung hong (the old public hong) is the French factory. Luy-sung hong (the Luzon factory) is the Spanish factory, and Wong-he hong (the Yellow Flag factory) is the Danish factory. Besides these there are, Eentsze-chaou (the Swallow's Nest) or Corner factory, and two others occupied by hong merchants, the one is Tung-sang hong (the factory produced in the east) and the other Tung-foo hong (the factory of mutual trust). Many changes have taken place since this account was taken.

104

NUY-KO, OR IMPERIAL CABINET.

When the Chinese made an attack on the ships with fire rafts and plundered the factories, they broke into the Creek, Dutch, and English hongs, to look for guns, and a lawless scene took place. There were the bald heads breaking up and ransacking every part, pulling and tearing, dashing and smashing wherever they went, costly chandeliers were broken, beautiful mirrors shivered to pieces, merchandise pillaged and destroyed, and every article of furniture, door, lock, and window knocked to pieces.

Commander Elliot Bingham, R. N., who was attached to the expedition, has given a list very similar to the following one, of the Chinese authorities.

The names of those who formed the Nuy-ko, or Imperial Cabinet. One half of them Chinese and the other half Mantchows.

Muchangah, a Mantchow Tartar.
Pwan-Shengan, a Chinese.

Keshen, Imperial High Commissioner at Canton, a Mantchow.
Wang-Fing, a Chinese.

Elepoo, Imperial High Commissioner at Chekiang, a Mantchow. Tang Kinchaou, a Chinese.

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You will call to remembrance that the displeasure of the Emperor fell very heavily on many of them.

Some of the Chinese asked an American what he thought of the great boom of chain-cables, supported by huge wooden rafts, and secured round the rocks, which was stretched across the water to prevent the passage of the British ships. "I think,” replied he, "that one line-of-battle ship will break it like a tobacco-stopper."

As well might China strive by force
To stop the tempest in its course,
Or check the whirlwind at its height,
As Britain's navy in its might!

Many of the rafts used in defence by the Chinese, consisting of fir-trees lashed together and moored with enormous cables, were stated by the

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