is in our opinion more Homeric. See, however, Wolf's preface to Homer, p. lxix.

66

XXI. Virg. Georg. ii. 224. Talem dives arat Capua, et vicina Vesevo Ora jugo, et vacuis Clanius non æquus Acerris. Scriptum in quodam commentario reperi versus istos a Virgilio ita primum esse recitatos atque editos: Talem dives arat Capua, et vicina Vesevo Nola jugo:' postea Virgilium petiisse a Nolanis aquam uti duceret in propinquum rus; Nolanos beneficium petitum non fecisse: poetam offensum nomen urbis eorum, quasi ex hominum memoria, sic ex carmine suo derasisse, oraque pro Nola mutasse." We are no believers in gossip, whether retailed by Aulus Gellius or Sir Nathaniel Wraxall; but there is an awkwardness in the use of ora as employed here, and an appropriateness in Nola, placed as it is between two other proper names of the same kind, which almost convince us that Gellius's story is so far true, that Virgil originally wrote Nola, and afterwards, from whatever cause, altered it to Ora.

XXII. Id. Æn. v. 97. Totque sues, totidem nigrantes terga juvencos. Jahn, in his 12mo edition of Virgil, 1825, reads totidemque, on the sole authority, as far as appears, of two of Burmann's Mss. (See the various readings of Heyne.) He alleges no reason for this alteration, and we are therefore driven to conjecture that his objection to the common reading is founded on the omission of the copulative in a place where it might have been expected. The copulative, however, is no more required here, than Georg. iii. 480. Et genus omne neci pecudum dedit, omne ferarum, Corrupitque lacus, infecit pabula tabo; and numerous other passages, in which que appertains, not to the particular verb or noun in whose company it is found, but to the whole of that portion of the sentence in which it is situated. Add to which, that the first syllable of nigrans is uniformly long in Virgil, and that the structure of the verse before us, according to Jahn's emendation, is of a kind which Virgil appears to have studiously (we ought rather to say instinctively) avoided, except in such cases as Æn. viii. 548. pars cætera prona Fertur aqua, segnisque secundo defluit amni, (repeated in Virgil's usual manner, with a variation, from Georg. iii. 447.) where the sound is evidently intended to be a reflection of the sense.

XXIII. Æn. vi. 61. Jam tandem Italiæ fugientis prendimus We have little doubt that Virgil wrote, according to the

oras.

reading of some of the Mss. (octo Burmanni codices, Heyne, Var. Lect.) fugientes. The common reading has an air of slovenliness about it which is very unlike Virgil; and the change from eis to is was an easy one.

XXIV. Æn. x. 530. Turris erat, &c.-dum se glomerant, retroque residunt In partem quæ peste caret: tum pondere turris Procubuit subito, et cælum tonat omne fragore. Is this borrowed from a somewhat similar incident in Thucydides? iv. 115. πύργον ξύλινον ἐπ οἴκημα ἀντέστησαν, καὶ ὕδατος ἀμφορέας πολλοὺς καὶ πίθους ἀνεφόρησαν καὶ λίθους μεγάλους, ἄνθρωποί τε πολλοὶ ἀνέβησαν. τὸ δὲ οἴκημα λαβὸν μεῖζον ἄχθος ἐξαπίνης κατεβῥάγη, καὶ ψόφου πολλοῦ γενομένου, &c. This may be thought fanciful, and perhaps is so; yet we have sometimes been inclined to suspect that the footsteps of Virgil may be traced in Thucydides to a greater extent than the commentators on the former are aware. Thucyd. vi. 31. init. embarkation of the Athenians for Sicily : καὶ ἐν τῷ παρόντι καιρῷ, ὡς ἤδη ἔμελλον μετὰ κινδύνου ἀλλήλους ἀπολιπεῖν, μᾶλλον αὐτοὺς ἐσῄει τὰ δεινὰ So Æn. viii. 554. on a similar occasion: Fama volat, parvam subito delata per urbem, Ocius ire equites Tyrrheni ad limina regis. Vota metu duplicant matres, propiusque periclo It timor, et major Martis jam apparet imago. Thucyd. vii. 29. account of the sacking of Mycalessus: καὶ τότε ἄλλη τε ταραχὴ οὐκ ὀλίγη καὶ ἰδέα πᾶσα καθειστήκει ὀλέθρου, καὶ, &c. #n. ii. 388. crudelis ubique Luctus, ubique pavor, et plurima mortis imago. Thucyd. iv. 11. πάντων δὲ φανερώτατος Βρασίδας ἐγένετο. τριη ραρχῶν γὰρ, καὶ ὁρῶν τοῦ χωρίου χαλεποῦ ὄντος τοὺς τριηράρχους καὶ κυβερνήτας, εἴ πῃ καὶ δοκοίη δυνατὸν εἶναι σχεῖν, ἀποκνοῦντας, καὶ φυλασσομένους τῶν νεῶν, μὴ ξυντρίψωσιν, ἐβόα λέγων ὡς οὐκ εἰκὸς εἴη ξύλων φειδομένους τοὺς πολεμίους ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ περιϊδεῖν τεῖχος πεποιημένους, ἀλλὰ τάς τε σφετέρας ναῦς, βιαζομένους τὴν ἀπόβασιν, και ταγνύναι ἐκέλευε, καὶ τοὺς ξυμμάχους μὴ ἀποκνῆσαι ἀντὶ μεγάλων εὐεργεσιῶν τὰς ναῦς τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις ἐν τῷ παρόντι ἐπιδοῦναι, ὀκείλαντας δὲ καὶ παντὶ τρόπῳ ἀποβάντας τῶν τε ἀνδρῶν καὶ τοῦ χωρίου κρατῆσαι. Compare #n. x. 290. Speculatus littora Tarcho, Qua vada non spirant, nec fracta remurmurat unda, Sed mare inoffensum crescenti allabitur æstu, Advertit subito proram, sociosque precatur: Nunc, o lecta manus, validis incumbite remis; Tollite, ferte rates: inimicam findite rostris Hanc terram, sulcumque sibi premat ipsa carina. Frangere nec tali puppim statione recuso, Arrepta tellure semel. We do not lay much stress on any of these coincidences, except perhaps the last; but it is worth while to have mentioned them.

XXV. Æn. xi. 735. Quo ferrum, quidve hæc gerimus tela irrita dextris? This is commonly interpreted as if gerimus were to be understood after quo. It were better perhaps to point as follows: Quo ferrum? quidve hæc gerimus tela irrita dextris as Hor. Sat. i. 6. 24. Quo tibi, Tulli, Sumere depositum clavum, fierique tribunum?

XXVI. Bentleius de Metris Terentianis, p. ii. «Varro quidem apud Gellium xviii. 15. scribit observasse se in versu hexametro, quod omnimodo quintus semipes (id est, prior pedis tertii syllaba) versum finiret. Mirum, quod omnimodo dixerit, cum Lucretius jam tum variaverit,

Reddenda in ratione vocare, et semina rerum :

et Catullus,

Omnia fanda nefanida sacro permissa furore. Postea sæpius Virgilius,

Lyrnessi domus alta, solo Laurente sepulcrum. Homerus autem olim sæpissime,

Οὐλομένην ἡ μυρι Αχαιοῖς ἄλγε' ἔθηκεν.

Non omnimodo igitur dictum oportuit, sed plerumque."

The true statement of the case is, that the cæsura in question is properly and essentially Greek; that it occurs comparatively seldom in the Latin poets, (e. g. in the first hundred lines of the Iliad about forty times, in those of the Æneid not once;) and that in a large proportion of the passages where it does occur, an imitation of the Greek rhythm is evidently intended; as in the case of Greek proper names: Ov. Met. ii. 578. Populifer Spercheos, et irrequietus Enipeus. Virg. Æn. viii. 440. Ætnæi Cyclopes, et huc advertite mentem. Frequently, indeed, the entire line is constructed on the Greek model; as Catull. Nupt. Pel. et Thet. 292. Flammati Phaethontis, et aeria cupressu. Virg. Æn. ix. 574. Turnus Ityn, Cloniumque, Dioxippum, Promolumque. Stat. Theb. iv. 298. Monstriferamque Erymanthon, et ærisonam Stymphalon. This happens sometimes, though rarely, where the verse is composed of words purely Latin: En. iv. 486. Spargens humida mella, soporiferumque papaver. In other places it is used to express tumult, hurry, violent emotion, or a rapid succession of circumstances: as Lucret. iii. 847. Horrida contremuere sub alteis ætheris aureis. Virg. Georg. iii. 107. Et proni dant lora, volat vi fervidus axis. 150. Diffugiunt armenta, furit mugitibus æther. Æn. vii. 465. Nec jam se capit unda, volat vapor ater ad auras. xi. 900. It has also a paramiac character; as Catull. Ixii. 16. Jure igitur vincemur: amat victoria curam. Virg. Ecl. ü. 65. Finally, it is more than usually frequent in some of the Eclogues of Virgil,

All

doubtless from an imitation of the flow of Theocritus. these circumstances indicate that the structure in question is foreign to the constitution of the Latin hexameter, inasmuch as it is seldom employed except for a particular cause.

ΒΟΙΩΤΟΣ.

NOTICES OF FOREIGN WORKS.

Juliani Imperatoris quæ feruntur Epistola. Accedunt ejusdem Fragmenta breviora cum Poematiis, nec non Galli Casaris ad Julianum fratrem Epistola. Ed. L. H. Heyler. Grace et Latine. 8vo. Moguntiæ, 1828.

THE distinguished scholar, Dan. Wyttenbach, who lately died at Leyden, (Prof. Hanhart of the University of Basel in Switzerland is preparing for the press at this moment a biography of his countryman) intended to publish a new edition of the works of Julian. Already in 1769 appeared his Epistola Critica super nonnullis locis Juliani Imperatoris, at Gottingen; and since Animadversiones in selecta Juliani loca, in the Bibliotheca Critica Amstelodaniensis, Part 1. p. 33 sqq. and Part 11. p. 1 sqq.; but the public have been disappointed with respect to the whole works of Julian, which Wyttenbach never found leisure to complete. Ezech. Spanheim's edition of 1696, Lipsiæ, Tomi 11. fol. is the last edition of Julian's works, has become exceedingly scarce: hence J. F. Boissonade advised Mr. Heyler to prepare a new edition. The volume already published contains 83 letters of Julian, the original text, with a Latin translation, p. 3-150: then follow the fragments, p. 151-154; and Poematia, p. 155, 156; and last, the Epistola Galli Cæsaris, which, however, was considered as spurious by Petavius. In p. 161-548, follow Observationes in Juliani Imperatoris quæ feruntur epistolas, fragmenta breviora, et poematia: then an index epistolarum cum argumentis, alphabetically arranged according to the names of the persons to whom the letters are directed, p. 549-554; with an index nominum propriorum in Juliani textu obviorum, p. 555-559: then an index grammaticus; and last of all, an index scriptorum veterum quorum loca vel emendantur, vel illustrantur, vel Juliano præluxisse judicantur. Of the Codd. Mss. of which Heyler availed himself, eight are at Paris in the royal library, and one at Munich. The British

Museum possesses also a Cod. Chartaceus of the Epist. of Julian; but it is incomplete, like all the other Codd., and contains only 17 letters. The letter to the Alexandrians, p. 110. ed. Heyleri, breaks off at the words Tí ov, and goes on to οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐλοιδοροῦ τότε, as all the editions had it, before Muratori published the Anecdota Graca Petavii, 1709. The critical notes to the present edition are so copious and elaborate, and so eminently useful, that we sincerely wish the editor might soon present us with the rest of Julian's works. We remark, however, that the Latin translation has not been revised carefully enough the words xai adiάpopwTov are omitted, p. 11; likewise ἐν τοίχῳ περιφερεῖ, p. 30. and ἀντεχόμενοι τοῦ τύφου, p. 92. are incorrectly given by " præ arrogantia resistunt;" vrée means resistere, but the Mid. avтéxoua adhærere, pertinax esse. The following works on Julian, which appeared some time ago on the continent, deserve notice :-Ueber den Kaiser Julianus und sein zeitalter. Ein historisches gemälde von A. Neander, Leipzig, 1812. Histoire de l'Empereur Julien tirée des auteurs idolâtres et confirmée par ses propres écrits. Par M. Jondot, Paris, 1827, 2 vols. 8vo. Euvres complètes de l'Empereur Julien traduites pour la première fois du Grec en Français, accompagnées d'argumens et de notes par R. Tourlet, Paris, 1821, 3 vols.

Luciani Alexander, Græce. Prolegomenis instruxit, annotationem et excursus adjecit, C. G. JACOB. Coloniæ ad Rhenum, 1828.

Lehmann's edition of Lucian has not answered the expectations of the learned in Germany. It is too voluminous for the student, and not critical enough for the scholar. The text is yet far from being correct; and for the purpose of illustrating the contents, Lehmann has added little of his own to the notes of Solanus, Gesnerus, and Reitzius. We understand that F. V. Fritsche, a pupil of Hermann, intends publishing the whole of Lucian; and from the specimens he has already given, (Alexander, Demonax, Gallus, Icaromenippus, Philopseudes, Lips. 1826; Dialogi Mortuorum, Lips. 1827,) we have reason to believe that his edition will far surpass that of his predecessor. Meantime, Mr. Jacob, who published already, 1825, Toxaris Gr. continues also his critical study of Lucian. The Prolegomena, p. 17-37, contain an able historical introduction to the subject: valuable information is given, cap. 4. de Cercopibus ; cap. 6.