The Theory of Environmental Agreements and Taxes: CO2 Policy Performance in Comparative PerspectiveEdward Elgar Publishing, 2005年1月1日 - 294 頁 'Martin Enevoldsen's book is a pioneering work that compares the impacts of various non-regulatory environmental strategies in achieving measurable pollution reductions. Much has been written on the theoretical virtues and drawbacks of green taxat |
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第 1 到 5 筆結果,共 87 筆
第 頁
... Energy structure 142 8.2 Denmark : The CO2 tax strategy 145 8.3 The Netherlands : Voluntary energy agreements 151 8.4 8.5 Austria : Non - intervention and information assistance Conclusion 159 164 9 . A comparative analysis of CO2 ...
... Energy structure 142 8.2 Denmark : The CO2 tax strategy 145 8.3 The Netherlands : Voluntary energy agreements 151 8.4 8.5 Austria : Non - intervention and information assistance Conclusion 159 164 9 . A comparative analysis of CO2 ...
第 頁
... Tax - induced harmonization of marginal abatement costs 103 6.2 Discriminating ... energy consumption including electricity and heat 136 169 9.2 CO2 emissions ... taxes for industrial end users Composition of final industrial energy ...
... Tax - induced harmonization of marginal abatement costs 103 6.2 Discriminating ... energy consumption including electricity and heat 136 169 9.2 CO2 emissions ... taxes for industrial end users Composition of final industrial energy ...
第 頁
... energy 143 8.2 8.3 Percentage final energy consumption 1999 , by sectors Tax rates on the energy consumption of business 144 148 8.4 Grants for CO2 reductions and energy savings . Totals for Danish business sector ( million euros , 2000 ...
... energy 143 8.2 8.3 Percentage final energy consumption 1999 , by sectors Tax rates on the energy consumption of business 144 148 8.4 Grants for CO2 reductions and energy savings . Totals for Danish business sector ( million euros , 2000 ...
第 8 頁
... taxes have been chosen from the class of economic instruments mainly because they are more common in Europe than tradable emission permits ( OECD , 1994a ; 1997 ; 2002 ) . Another reason for focusing on emission taxes ... energy efficiency or ...
... taxes have been chosen from the class of economic instruments mainly because they are more common in Europe than tradable emission permits ( OECD , 1994a ; 1997 ; 2002 ) . Another reason for focusing on emission taxes ... energy efficiency or ...
第 14 頁
... taxes are levied on all business enterprises and private consumers . The CO2 tax is the leading instrument of the Danish strategy , which also includes binding agreements on energy savings and earmarked subsidies for energy investments ...
... taxes are levied on all business enterprises and private consumers . The CO2 tax is the leading instrument of the Danish strategy , which also includes binding agreements on energy savings and earmarked subsidies for energy investments ...
內容
1 | |
4 | |
6 | |
9 | |
14 | |
16 | |
2 Approaches to environmental governance in economics and political science | 19 |
21 The limits of the rational approach to environmental governance | 20 |
73 Method and research design | 130 |
74 Conclusion | 138 |
8 Indirect regulation of industrial CO₂ pollution in Austria Denmark and the Netherlands | 141 |
81 Energy structure | 142 |
The CO₂ tax strategy | 145 |
Voluntary energy agreements | 151 |
Nonintervention and information assistance | 159 |
85 Conclusion | 164 |
22 The limits of the institutional approach to enviromental regulation | 27 |
23 Conclusion | 35 |
3 A dual institutional approach | 38 |
31 Rational institutionalism | 39 |
32 Classifying institutional factors | 42 |
33 The microlevel effects of institutions | 47 |
34 A theoretical framework for analysing policy outcomes | 52 |
35 Unfolding the theoretical framework | 56 |
4 Voluntary agreements and the freerider problem | 59 |
42 Indirect environmental regulation and the supply of pollution abatement | 61 |
43 Freeriding in agreements with complete information | 64 |
44 Freeriding in agreements with incomplete information | 70 |
45 Concluding remarks | 75 |
5 Institutions social capital and voluntary environmental agreements | 77 |
Mandatory rules | 83 |
Conventional rules | 90 |
54 Conclusion | 96 |
6 On the institutional design and effectiveness of green taxes | 100 |
61 Green taxes and the role of institutions | 101 |
62 The institutional design of green taxes | 102 |
63 Implementation procedures | 110 |
64 Are emission taxes dynamically efficient? | 111 |
65 Conclusion on emission taxes | 116 |
66 Conclusion on the effectiveness of taxes and voluntary agreements | 117 |
7 Comparative analysis of CO₂ policies towards the industrial sector | 120 |
72 Explaining industrial CO₂ emission reductions | 122 |
9 A comparative analysis of CO₂ policy performance at the national level | 167 |
92 Absolute industrial CO₂ emissions 19802000 | 168 |
93 Relative industrial CO₂ emissions 19802000 | 171 |
94 Energy efficiency improvements and energy conversion | 175 |
95 Conclusion | 183 |
10 Econometric analysis of industrial CO₂ emissions over the period 19582000 | 187 |
101 Theory on energy demand | 188 |
102 The cointegration approach to time series analysis | 191 |
103 Estimating CO₂ time series data from a twostep model | 197 |
104 Conclusion | 217 |
policy stimulation of cleaner energy technologies | 221 |
111 Energy decisons and rationality | 222 |
112 CO₂ policy incentives and energy decisions | 233 |
113 Conclusion | 242 |
12 Reflections on theory and policies | 246 |
The limits of corporatism and other national background institutions | 248 |
123 Corporatism social capital and consociational democracy | 249 |
124 Policy incentives matter | 251 |
The effect of mandatory and conventional rules | 252 |
Agreements or taxes? | 255 |
127 Suggestions for further research | 257 |
Appendix 1 Statistical data sources | 259 |
Appendix 2 List of interviewed organizations | 261 |
References | 264 |
Index | 285 |
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常見字詞
analysis approach Austria behaviour benefits Berlin school cent Chapter choice cleaner technologies CO2 policy performance CO2 pollution CO₂ taxes coefficients cointegrating vectors cointegration collective action compared contribute conventional rules cooperation corporatism corporatist countries Danisco Danish Danish industry Denmark Dutch economic instruments elasticities electricity emission reductions emission taxes energy efficiency improvements energy input energy investments energy prices energy savings energy taxes energy-intensive environmental economics environmental policy estimated example free-riding fuel green taxes heat implementation important indirect regulation industrial CO2 emissions industrial energy consumption innovation institutional factors interview LTAs mandatory rules marginal abatement costs megatonnes micro-level Moreover Nash equilibrium Netherlands Novem parties pay-back pay-off Pigouvian Pigouvian tax policy incentives policy instruments policy outcomes political pollution abatement problem production volume rational choice theory relations relative sanctions social capital strategies structural target tax level terajoules theoretical theory transaction costs translog variables voluntary agreements voluntary environmental agreements