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hardly think that, even if all conditions of time and space had been favourable, a more lengthy resumé of the tons of volumes which have been written on the subject would have been acceptable to the time-pressed British public of the present day.
ROME, June 5th, 1876.
Lateran Council of 1059.-Order of Cardinals.-Meaning of the Term.-
First Traces of a Collegiate Body of Cardinals.-Number of the
Cardinals.-Variations in this respect under different Popes.-"Titles"
of the Cardinals.-Three Orders of Cardinals.-Numbers of Cardinals
created by different Popes.-Motives for keeping up the Number in the
Sacred College.-Cardinals in petto.-Anecdote of Alexander VIII.
CHAPTER III.
Ceremonial connected with the Creation of Cardinals.-Practice in the
Earliest Ages.-Consultation of the College on the Subject.-Modern
Practice.-Communication of his Creation to the new Cardinal.-His
customary Duties thereupon.-Costume.-New Cardinal's Visit to the
Vatican.-Patronage.-Ceremonial at the Apostolic Palace.-Speeches
on the Occasion.-The "Beretta."-The new Cardinal's Reception.-
Shutting and Opening of the new Cardinal's Mouth.-Cardinalitial
Ring.-Fees.-Ages at which Cardinals have been made.-Anecdotes of
Odet de Coligny, the Heretic Cardinal.-Laws restricting Popes a Dead
Letter
CHAPTER IV.
Steps by which the Papal Election was attributed exclusively to the Sacred
College.-Gradual Progress of Encroachment.-Abnormal Elections.-
Early Requisites for the Validity of an Election.-Earliest Examples
of the Conclave.-Notable Conclave at Viterbo in the thirteenth
century. First example of Election by "Compromise."-The Fifteen
Rules for a Papal Election made by Gregory X.-Basis of Conclave
Legislation ever since
13
29
54
BOOK II.
NOBLE BOYS AT PLAY.
CHAPTER I.
Latter Years of the Middle Ages, from Gregory X. to Pius IV.-Contrast
of the Ecclesiastical World of those Days with Present Times.-Where
Modern History commences in the Annals of the Papacy.-Variability
of the Church.-Papal History falls into Groups of Popes.-Causes of
this Phenomenon.-Paul III. the last of a Group of Popes.-Paul IV.
the first of a different Group.-List of Popes from 1271 to 1549
PAGE
75
CHAPTER II.
Election of Innocent V.-Anecdote of his Achievements as a Preacher.-
Election of Adrian V.-Popes in the Thirteenth Century elected without
Conclave.-Conclave in which Nicholas IV. was elected.-Mortality of
Cardinals in Conclave.-Strange Inconsistency of the Anecdotist Can-
cellieri. Superstition respecting the Duration of St. Peter's Reign.—
Anecdote of the papal Physician Matthew Corte.-Election of Celestine
V.-Modern Exception to the Rule requiring a Conclave to be held.-
Modifications of the early Conclave Rules.-Boniface VIII.-Benedict
IX.-Anecdote respecting his Death.-Conclave held at Perugia.-
Grossly Simoniacal Election.-Monstrous Assertion of the Historian
Spondanus.-Morone, Gregory XIV.'s Barber.-The Babylonish
Captivity of the Church.-Conclave at Avignon in 1334.-And again
in 1342. And in 1352.-And in 1362.-Division between the Gascon
Cardinals Subjects of England, and those subject to France.-Election
of Urban V. not a Member of the College. Tentatives for restoring
the Papacy to Rome.—Petrarch.—St. Bridget.—Conclave in 1370, the
last at Avignon.-Gregory XI.-Difficulties of the Restoration of the
See to Rome.-Return of Gregory XI. to Rome.-His Death in 1378. 82
Sacred College at the Death of Gregory XI.-Anecdotes of the Conclave
that elected Urban VI.-Turbulence of the Roman People.-Alarm of
the Cardinals.-Circumstances which led to the great Schism.-Doubts
respecting the Canonicity of the Election of Urban VI.-Other Causes
leading to the Schism.-Irregular Election of Robert of Geneva by the
dissenting Cardinals as Clement VII., who has always been held to be
an Antipope.-Schism of thirty-nine Years
.
Conclaves during the Period of the Schism.-Council of Pisa.-Abnormal
and Irregular State of things in the Church.-Council of Constance.-
Decrees which put an end to the Schism, by the Election of Martin V.
-Difficulties arising from the Action of the Council of Constance.—
Their Effect as regarding Modern Theories of Infallibility
106
125
CHAPTER V.
Otto Colonna Pope as Martin V.-Conclave for the Election of Eugenius IV.
-Contest between Pope and Council.-Anecdote of the Deathbed of
Eugenius IV.-Anecdotes of the Conclave that elected Nicholas V.-
Violence of the Roman Barons.-Prospero Colonna.-Cardinal Nephews.
Election of Nicholas V.-Condition of Italy.-Failure of the Attempt
to unite the Latin and Greek Churches.-Nicholas a Patron of the new
learning.-Other Doings of Nicholas.-Anecdote of his Mother.-Con-
clave which elected Calixtus III.-Cardinal Bessarion.-Conclave which
elected Eneas Sylvius Piccolomini as Pius II.-Efforts of the Cardinal
of Rouen to prevent the Election, and to secure his own.-Mode of
Pius II.'s Election
132
CHAPTER VI.
Death of Pius II.-Decision to hold the Conclave in the Vatican.-Election
of Paul II.-The Handsome Pope.-Election of Sixtus IV.-His
Character.-Effect on the Church of the first menaces of Protestantism.
-The all-devouring nepotism of Sixtus IV.-Peter Riario, his Nephew.
-Sixtus dies of a Broken Heart.-Epigrams on Sixtus.-Interregnum
after the Death of Sixtus.-Conclave which elected Innocent VIII.—
Anecdotes
154
CHAPTER VII.
Interregnum after the Death of Innocent VIII.-Tumults.-Conclave which
elected Borgia, Alexander VI.-His Reign and Death.-Scandalous
Scene at his Burial.-Effect of his Papacy on the Church.-Interregnum
after his Death.-Terrible Condition of Rome.-Conclave, and Scan-
dalous Election of Pius III.-Another Conclave sixteen Days later.-
Anecdotes of the Death of Pius III.-Simoniacal Arrangements for the
Election of Julius II., Della Rovere.-Character of Julius II.-Con-
clave which elected Leo X.-Meeting and Demands of the Conclavists.
-A Surgeon in the Conclave.-Anecdotes of this Conclave.- Election
of De Medici as Leo X.-His Simoniacal Dealings.-Exhaustion of the
Papal Treasury at his Death.-Difficulties of the Cardinals.--Election
of Adrian VI.-Dismay produced in Rome by his Election.-Character
of Adrian
. 170
CHAPTER VIII.
Conclave which elected Clement VII.-Change in the Characteristics of the
Conclaves.-Anecdote of Adrian's narrow Escape from being killed, and
of the hatred felt by the Roman Clergy against him.-Roman and
Florentine rivalry in the Conclave.-Intrigues in the Conclave.-The
Plan of Making a Pope by "Adoration."-Crafty Trick of Giulio de'
Medici.-His Election.-And reign.-Conclave which elected Farnese
as Paul III.-Circumstances of his election.-His Character,
190