as in my case and others, and that when the protective formalities of the law are not only followed but ignored and the affected's request that these and other rights be respected then the protectors become the rapers and oppressors— in any event it creates a suspicion which is not necessary-in all cases where the affected by his or her free witnessed uncoerced will and signature will not grant a formal waivure for the records and files then I say it is bad-I say that many such ignorings and violations and lack of waivures have in the past obtained and it is my belief that it is a continuing practice (multilateral). Do you agree, honorable Senators, with my reasoning?

How would you like to be industriously building a kitchen 130 feet from the road after 10 p. m., rushing to finish before 11 p. m., respect for neighbors requires, a unit only to be interrupted by your wife being cussed out by a drunken Negro who had snatched her washer hose off hydrant-filthy, dirty, threatening, obscene language—when hammer in hand and nail apron on you come to investigate and protect your wife on her own premises you are suddenly knocked down— the finish of a providential slipping and tripping otherwise head would have been bashed with a 5% by 18 inch long steel reinforcing bar—on your own premises mind you-wife jumping on the Negro who was then on top of you with the iron bar, getting kicked in side and screaming, would you have the self-control to hit Negro a considered restraining blow to sober him up and get him off you at same time grabbing with your left hand his right hand and the steel bar? I did just this because the Negro's sister and brother-in-law were friendly and were trying to get the Negro to stop and go home-had they been similarily threatening I would have hit hard and repeatedly and fast to try to meet the others—I haven't found a person yet who hasn't said that they would be hitting yet-yet I am a grandson of a noted Methodist minister who wrote texts on theology, hymns, and published the Christian Advocate, and being idealistic and legalistic I took a long chance and used only that force necessary, chancing the other Negroes getting excited or bellicose or participating-calling the police who found a returned gang of Negroes uttering threats, cursings, obscenities, etc. They arrested me on the Negro's say so-I heard later that the Negro was a pet bootlegger of theirs and had been put up to it to try to frame me-anyway 2 years and $1,000 fine for police not to arrest for law violations in their presence, and Negroes were guilty of rout, unlawful assembly, disorderly conduct, threats, obscenity, etc., in police presence, but what they saw and heard didn't count, but without warrant they arrested me for felony.

Lodged in jail overnight, charged with a felony, and making bond next day I found that 14 white witnesses were available-that police were alleged to have prepared a trap (frame-up) but that necessity of a raid on a lot of bootleg mash in Benning (probably were not sharing with police) pulled the 2 carloads of police there, and without radio they just happened by my way after the raid and threw me violently in car with cursings and statement that I should have been in St. E's long ago and that Mrs. Entz would be jailed if she protested further, etc. Finding out that I had the 14 white witnesses and that a mistake had been made in scene of fracas as being on my place, that I had the blood samples taken from my ground, I had the bloody iron rod dripping from slight cut over Negro eye (light tap) (Negro returned from blocks away with his gang so he wasn't hurt badly), and that I had photo flash pictures of the gang threatening attempting invasion of my home, and that I was going to sue for false arrest and would make a monkey out of them in any decent fair court they acted by sending the Negroes back next Saturday night right on not back of my yard with the ultimatum from police and Negroes that if I persisted and went before grand jury and filed suits that I would be taken off the hill where my home is-I ordered the Negroes off and told them offer refused--they did leave peacefully; they threatened to kill me if I persisted-I was that next few hours Sunday morning surprised in my home by two cars full of police who invaded my home, invaded my wife's bedroom, ran their dirty hands under my wife's bed clothes and dress trying to get a telegram sent to their superiors stating the facts and appealing for protection from both police and Negroes on their demonstrated past actions and future threats-taken to nut ward of Gallinger without the 4 affidavits required by law first being secured or the warrant based thereuponGallinger required no papers (continued, must leave for your hearing).

Senator BUSHFIELD. All right. We will include the statement of Laurence E. Tucker, submitted this morning, in addition to his testimony already given.

(The statement of Laurence E. Tucker is as follows:)

I, Laurence E. Tucker, would like to add to my disclosures of brutality and filth at Gallinger Hospital and would here and now name these:

1. Concerning orderly named Odell Roberts who has any number of times manhandled patients and on one visiting day was choking a patient and trying to tie him down when another patient by the name of James Rock, had his brother visiting him at the time. His brother got so mad at the way the patient was being treated that he went over and told the orderly to stop. The orderly then cussed him out and started fighting with him. He, the patient's brother, was put out and paid $10 fine and told that he would never be allowed in the East Building again.

2. There has been a hue and cry about being short of help, but there has been no mention of the number of times that 12 and 14 of the orderlies and other male employees have been arrested on the hospital grounds when they were supposed to be working. They were in the back of the hospital shooting crap and playing poker for money. No. 5 police has arrested them any number of times for this, and the records there will show, at No. 5 police station the proof of this statement. But there is no record of it at Gallinger.

3. Mr. Files, Mr. Kuhn, Mr. Eickes, Mr. West, and others forgot to mention the fact that every Wednesday afternoon when Dr. Bocock visited his farm they also left the institution for the remainder of the day and then took another day of in the same week.

Dr. Gilbert forgot to say that they do have what is known as strong rooms where they used to put you when you, to their method of thinking, became unmanagable or violent. I was put in there for 72 hours with no clothes of any description and naked. The room had been freshly painted. The windows were barred so that you could not open or shut the windows and the steam was turned on full. The combination of the wet paint and steam heat made me deathly sick. I banged on the door for 4 hours before anyone came to see what I wanted. I was given a dirty mattress to sleep on; no pillow, sheets, or anything else, and all that I had done was slam the door when I left the office where Dr. Silverman had been questioning me. He made me mad and when I left his office I slammed the door. These rooms have concrete floors, so there I was bare naked walking and laying on the cement floor.

4. It has also not been mentioned that one colored patient whose name I don't recall was put in what is known as a continuous bath. This was another method used when they had strong rooms. The tub is filled with the patient strapped in it. He can't get out, but the water flows out of the drain, this man was placed in the continuous bath at the order of Dr. Silverman. He was scalded to death due to the fact that the water was too hot. The orderly, whose name is Foster, who helped to take the body out of the tub said that when he went to lift on the shoulders, that the skin came off of the patient's shoulders in lumps.

I told him

5. No one has ever stopped to think about the old men who were physically, as well as mentally sick, tied in bed. I remember distinctly of one old man between the ages of 60 and 70 years old who was sick. He had wet his bed about three times that day and the orderly was playing cards or something. that the old man was wet again. He went in there and after he had pulled the sheet, wet with urine, from under the old man, he washed the old man's face with it and then shoved part of it in the old man's mouth.

Mr. King and Mr. Everett told me when they were questioning the employees of Gallinger Hospital for the General Accounting Office, that when they were down to Dr. Bocock's farm to look around that they had come across two horses or mules that belonged to the hospital. The Army loans the hospital these horses or mules to work and Mr. Everett said how he knew that they were hospital horses was that he happened to pat on the hip and felt the brands that the Army puts on their horses and mules. He said he pushed the hair back and sure enough there was branded on the animal U. S. A. This fact to my knowledge has not been brought up before Dr. Bocock at the hearing.

About a week later I was talking to some colored employees about this and one of them told me that he had taken the horses down to Bocock's farm and that had been 3 years ago and the horses were never returned.

The horses according to the records, were supposed to have been shot. Dr. Gilbert has not told the committee that he used to work over at St. Elizabeths Hospital and that he on one occasion had fought with a patient over

there, when the patient threw something at him. And also that he was supposed to examine patients every so often and when he did he was supposed to put his initial on each patients chart he had talked with, but that on different occasions he had George Pyles initial them for him without even seeing the patients.

Also, that, before a patient at Gallinger is to be tied down, he is supposed to be seen by an intern or doctor and that these interns or doctors sign these sheets by the half dozen and leaves it to whoever is in charge of the ward. They can tie me, you, or anyone else that they take a notion to down, regardless of what you have done, because they have the blank restraint sheets already signed. As to the health officers report on patient morale and food situation. It is a well-known fact that even the nurses themselves have at quite a number of times suffiered from ptomaine poison from the food they were served. I have talked to quite a few of them and half of them come back on duty from their lunch hour hungry and say that they wish they had something to eat, that the meal they had was lousy and that they couldn't eat it.

The very first day that an article appeared in the newspaper about the TB patients claiming the food was no good and the place was dirty. That was when they began to clean up all over the hospital so if the hospital is clean now it was because they were forwarned.

Naturally one doctor is going to stick up for another if he or they didn't they would be frowned upon and probably be blacklisted. There are patients there now if the health officer would question them, that would not give him such an excellent morale buildup. Of course, the patients he questioned were probably picked ones.

I have had one young woman name of Margaret Jenkins, 639 Eighth Street NE., who is the sister-in-law of my boss, tell me that Dr. Bocock slapped her in the mouth when she was at Gallinger and will try to get this young lady to testify to the fact.

TESTIMONY OF JOHN A. SINGERHOFF

Senator BUSHFIELD. What is your full name?
Mr. SINGERHOFF. John A. Singerhoff.

Senator BUSHFIELD. You are connected with the Washington Post, are you not?

Mr. SINGERHOFF. Yes, that is right.

Senator BUSHFIELD. Were you at Gallinger Hospital on a Sunday afternoon a couple of weeks ago at the same time I was there? Mr. SINGERHOFF. Yes, sir.

Senator BUSHFIELD. Did you go to the kitchen at the same time I was in the kitchen?

Mr. SINGERHOFF. I did.

Senator BUSHFIELD. Will you tell us just what you saw or observed as to dirt or filth in the kitchen at that time?

Mr. SINGERHOFF. Well, when we first entered the kitchen, I noticed along with you, I believe, Senator, that there were several cockroaches running over a wooden worktable right to the left inside of the door.

I think you remarked at that, although the other people around saw them. And the stoves, particularly the flat-top stoves, where I guess they do their frying, were coated heavily with black grease. It was easily a quarter of an inch thick. It was not just an accumulation of that day's cooking, I am sure.

Senator BUSHFIELD. It looked like it was old accumulated grease, did it not?

Mr. SINGERHOFF. Yes, sir; heavy black grease.

Senator BUSHFIELD. Covered the stove except the lights, did it not? Mr. SINGERHOFF. All but the lids and I imagine the fire from the burners kept those clean.

Senator BUSHFIELD. I called your attention to the warming oven, too, did I not, above the stove?

Mr. SINGERHOFF. Yes, sir.

Senator BUSHFIELD. What did you observe?

Mr. SINGERHOFF. Back in the corners those warming oven were just baked cakes of heavy black dirt. It looked like grease and dirt and probably particles of food that had accumulated in those corners.

Senator BUSHFIELD. Now, did I call your attention to the work tables right in front of the stove, Mr. Singerhoff, the streaks of grease across the top of them? Mr. SINGERHOFF. You did. If I recall, they were stainless steel, or they were steel, but they were very grimy and slimy and greasy. Senator BUSHFIELD. That is right.

Mr. SINGERHOFF. There was little trouble finding out that they had spaghetti for dinner. There was one big cook pot there where the spaghetti was still draped around the outside of it.

I guess there was water that they wanted to soak the remnants of the spaghetti there, but there was still quite a bit on the outside.

Senator BUSHFIELD. Did you notice a grease pot or gravy pot without any cover on it standing open?

Mr. SINGERHOFF. There was what I thought was a fryer that was very, very grimy, and it was partially covered, but there was a great section of it that was uncovered.

Senator BUSHFIELD. There was nothing to keep the flies from going in there, was there?

Mr. SINGERHOFF. Not a thing, and there was another big cook pot that had soup or something in it, or stew, that was open; it was half full.

Senator BUSHFIELD. Did you notice the floor, the condition it was in? Mr. SINGERHOFF. The floor looked like it had been scrubbed, but they had not bothered to mop it up thoroughly and in the corners there was a little slime.

Senator BUSHFIELD. And there were pools of grayish looking water in the low places, weren't there?

Mr. SINGERHOFF. Yes, sir.

Senator BUSHFIELD. And also the floor was badly cracked in places where vermin and dirt could collect?

Mr. SINGERHOFF. Yes, sir; my impression, if I may give it, was that the dirt was superficial. I think just a little bit of elbow grease could clean it perhaps and make it presentable. The special diet kitchen however, off at one side, was, I thought, immaculate.

Senator BUSHFIELD. That is right.

Mr. SINGERHOFF. It was spotlessly clean.

Senator BUSHFIELD. I think you were there at the same time that I

was.

Mr. SINGERHOFF. Yes.

Senator BUSHFIELD. I believe that is all.

Mr. SINGERHOFF. Senator, there is one thing I would like to say, I may.

Senator BUSHFIELD. Yes.

if

Mr. SINGERHOFF. Relative to these patients that are taken into Gallinger, I have worked police quite a bit and I have seen some of these so-called disturbed people brought in there, particularly from the

White House, and I have seen some of those people get so violent that it takes three and four detectives to restrain them.

Yesterday I heard quite a bit about the straps and the chaining that witnesses were put in, and I have no doubt that it is necessary for the good of those people, as well as other patients at Gallinger. I have seen some very, very violent ones.

Senator BUSHFIELD. Anything further?

Mr. SINGERHOFF. I don't think so.

Senator BUSHFIELD. All right. Thank you very much.

TESTIMONY OF VIRGIL D. McMILLAN

Senator BUSHFIELD. Give your name and address.

Mr. MCMILLAN. Virgil D. McMillan, 441 Tenth Street SW.
Senator BUSHFIELD. How old are you, Mr. McMillan?

Mr. MCMILLAN. Thirty-five years old.

Senator BUSHFIELD. Married?

Mr. MCMILLAN. Yes, sir.

Senator BUSHFIELD. Family?

Mr. MCMILLAN. Yes, sir.

Senator BUSHFIELD. You have been a patient at Gallinger Hospital? Mr. MCMILLAN. I have been a prisoner patient.

Senator BUSHFIELD. Well, you were in the psychopathic ward then? Mr. MCMILLAN. Yes, sir.

Senator BUSHFIELD. When?

Mr. MCMILLAN. From July 20 to August 4.
Senator BUSHFIELD. Of what year?

Mr. MCMILLAN. This year.

Senator BUSHFIELD. How were you discharged?

Mr. MCMILLAN. Through a writ of habeas corpus.

Senator BUSHFIELD. You got out through a writ of habeas corpus? Mr. MOMILLAN. Yes.

Senator BUSHFIELD. Did you go to Gallinger voluntarily or were you taken?

Mr. MCMILLAN. I was taken there as a prisoner from the District jail, which involves another case.

Senator BUSHFIELD. All right; we are not too concerned with the jail end of it.

Mr. MCMILLAN. That is right.

Senator BUSHFIELD. But you are acquainted with Dr. Gilbert?
Mr. MCMILLAN. Yes, sir; Dr. Gilbert and Dr. Pirouetti.

Senator BUSHFIELD. And you were there from July 20, you say, until August when?

Mr. MCMILLAN. August 4.

Senator BUSHFIELD. Tell me what your experiences were there. Mr. MCMILLAN. Well, the doctors themselves were very nice to me and the first day I was there they talked to me

Senator BUSHFIELD. Could you speak a little louder?

Mr. MCMILLAN. The first day I was there they talked to me, which they usually do when each patient comes in there the first day.

After talking to me they told me that I had no reason to be there, that their idea was that I was I should be down in the court and needed a good lawyer, and from there on I was treated all right by the doctors. They were very nice to me at all time. But when it comes to the—