II. Everybody feels that he has-they have certain inalienable rights.

12. After a long time, the jury brought in their its verdict.

13. We waited for the committee to make their-its report.

14. Neither one of the boys wrote their-his sentences correctly.

15. Either of these methods is are good enough in its way.

their 16.

cover.

Not one of these inkwells have their covers-has its

17. The army made its their march through snow and ice.

18. The whole class recited its-their lesson together. 19. A camel's gait is a peculiar one; they go it goes somewhat like a pig with the fore legs, and like a cow with the hind legs.

20. If anyone does not know what to do, he—they should ask.

21.

When a person is embarrassed, he-they often blush-blushes.

22.

Every teacher should carefully plan his-their work. 23. Every book and every paper was were found in its-their place.

is

24. The lowest mechanic, as well as the richest citizen, -are here protected in his-their rights.

25. Now, boys, I want every one of you to decide for yourself themselves himself.

26. If you blame either the master or the servants, he― they will make excuses.

27. Neither of them recited his—their lesson.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS

Relative pronouns are those that connect subordinate sentences to their antecedents. The relative pronouns are who, which, what, and that, with their declined forms:

I saw John Smith, who was hurt.

I saw the man that was hurt.

The man who was killed was an Italian.
He jests at scars that never felt a wound.

Nominative who

DECLENSION

Possessive

whose

Objective whom

Which and that are nominative and objective. They have no possessive forms, though we sometimes find whose used as the possessive of which in referring to things, in expressions like: A city whose streets are lined with gold. It is generally considered better usage, however, in such expressions to use which with the preposition of; as, A city, the streets of which are lined with gold.

Who refers to persons, and sometimes to animals of extraordinary intelligence.

Which refers to things.

That refers to either persons or things.

CASE FORMS

Be careful to use the correct case form of who.

A statement containing who or whom is made up of two complete clauses, in one of which (the subordinate) the relative serves as the subject or object of the verb. The correct form of the pronoun is determined by isolating the relative clause and noting the use of pronouns :

He is a man who-whom I believe can be trusted. (Relative clause who whom can be trusted.) Who is correct, because it is the subject of can be trusted.

He is the man who-whom I believe we can trust. (Relative clause who whom we can trust.) The natural order would be: We can trust who whom. Whom is correct,

because it is the object of can trust.

The correct form of who in a question may be determined by changing the sentence to the form of a statement.

Question: Who whom did you send for?
Statement: You did send for whom.

The preposition requires the objective.

Question: Who-whom did you see at the play?
Statement: You did see whom at the play.

The verb did see requires the objective.

Exercise 100

Write the following sentences, omitting the improper italicized words:

I. I relied upon the poor horse which who knew the road better than I.

2. The man who-whom I expected to find is not here. 3. This is a firm which-who does a very extensive business.

4. Shakespeare is an author which-who-whom I enjoy exceedingly.

5. I gave the letter to the boy who-what brings the the mail.

6. I spoke to the man who-whom, I thought, was the principal.

7. He left his money to those whom-who, he thought, had the greatest need.

8. Was it you or the wind which—who closed the door? 9. It was the largest audience which-who-that I have

ever seen.

10. The young man married a lady who-whom, they say, is the daughter of an Italian.

II. President McKinley, who-whom the people loved greatly, was assassinated.

12. He did not include among his friends whomsoever— whosoever he met.

13. The three statesmen who whom-which-that he mentioned were famous Americans.

14. We were introduced to Mr. and Mrs. Kendrick, whom who we thought to be very interesting people.

15. There are many people in the world which-who never seem to be satisfied with anything.

16. Mordecai was the man whom who the king delighted to honor.

17. Saul was the man who-whom the Israelities proclaimed king.

18. The infuriated man exclaimed, "I will kill whomsoever-whosoever approaches me."

19. Let him be whom—who he may, I will proceed to carry out my plan.

20.

21.

22.

I who are-am-is your friend will help you.
It is for you who was were his teacher.

Whosoever whomsoever the court favors is safe. 23. Who whom should I meet the other day but my old friend.

24. Who whom did he refer to, he him or I-me? 25. He which—who is idle and mischievous reprove. 26. It was Joseph, he-him-who-whom Pharaoh promoted.

27. I referred to my old friend, he-him of who-whom I often speak.

INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS

Interrogative pronouns are those used in asking questions :

Who art thou?

Which do you want?
What do you mean?

ADJECTIVE PRONOUNS

Adjective pronouns are those that are usually used as adjectives:

You may have this and I will take that.
All must pay the price.

From a comparison of the following examples, it will be seen that an adjective becomes a pronoun when the noun is omitted, and the adjective stands in its stead. The distinction is not important from a practical viewpoint:

Following are the personal pronouns classified as to case forms. It is very important that these be memorized: