QUESTIONS AND REFERENCES 477 human race by far the most disastrous. No other conflict, though many and bloody struggles have cursed the earth, has been to mankind the source of woes so great. Convinced of this fact, the more progressive states are now endeavoring through a proposed league of nations forever to banish wars from our unhappy world. The twofold task of constituting this league and of making terms of peace with Germany and her allies was entrusted to a conference which began its sessions at Versailles, France, in January, 1919. Treaty with Germany. On June 28, 1919, a treaty of peace was signed with Germany, by which she agreed to the constitution of a League of Nations, although herself not yet admitted as a member. She ceded Alsace-Lorraine to France, small areas to Belgium, large areas (partly subject to vote of the people concerned) to Poland, part of Sleswick (subject to vote) to Denmark, the German colony in China to Japan, and the other German colonies to the League of Nations. The coal of the Sarre Valley, adjoining Alsace-Lorraine, was given to France, and the valley was placed for fifteen years under the control of the League of Nations. Germany agreed to drastic reductions of her army and navy; the payment of reparation for damage to civilians; the replacement of shipping sunk by her submarine warfare; and the surrender and trial of persons accused of responsibility for the war and of crimes committed in the war. She also agreed to accept the treaties that should be made by the Allies with Austria, Bulgaria, and Turkey, and to acknowledge the independence of the new states recognized by the Allies. QUESTIONS AND REFERENCES Review Questions. What was the program of President Wilson? What was the legislation concerning incomes? What do you know of the Federal Reserve Act? Tell about the prospects of Mexico and about the sudden change. What did the United States do at Vera Cruz? Why did a part of our army enter Mexico? Why did German submarines sink our ships and take the lives of our citizens? What promise was made by the German Imperial Government? Why did President Wilson recommend war against Germany? What other recommendations were made by the President? When did the first registration for military purposes take place? What did the President say about the ends or objects of our country? Why did we resort to war? Who commanded the American expeditionary force in France? What was the first severe blow dealt the power of Germany? What was the German opinion of the military strength of our country? Why were the leaders of that nation in a hurry to destroy the armies of Great Britain and France? What resulted from the appointment of General Foch to the command of all the armies on the side of the Allies? What was the result of the fighting at Cantigny? At Belleau Wood? Describe the engagement opposite Chateau Thierry. Describe General Pershing's great victory at St. Mihiel. Describe the cutting by the American armies of the German main line of communications. When was the armistice signed? What important step was taken by our Government on December 27, 1917? In what way did the United States assist the Allies in addition to sending troops to the front? References. Message of President Wilson to Congress, April 2, 1917; also his address June 14, 1917; The Public Ledger, of Philadelphia, August 5, 1917, and afterward; How the War Came to America, a book issued by the Committee on Public Information; American Review of Reviews for 1917 and 1918; Harper's Monthly, March and April, 1919; General Pershing's Report to the War Department. IMPORTANT EVENTS IN AMERICAN HISTORY, CHRONOLOGICALLY ARRANGED ERA OF DISCOVERY AND COLONIZATION IV00. Leif Ericsson discovers Vineland. 1492. Oct. 12. Columbus discovers the New World. 1494. Treaty of Tordesillas. 1497. Cabot discovers the continent of North America. 1498. Columbus on third voyage discovers South America. 1506. Columbus dies at Valladolid. 1507. America named after Americus Vespucius. 1513. Balboa discovers the Pacific Ocean. Ponce de Leon discovers Florida. 1519-1521. Cortez conquers Mexico. 1519-1522. Magellan's ship sails round the world. 1524. Verrazano explores New England coast. 1528-1536. Cabeza de Vaca explores southern United States. 1533. Pizarro conquers Peru. 1534. Cartier sails to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. 1541. De Soto discovers the Mississippi River. 1565. Founding of St. Augustine. 1576. Frobisher discovers Frobisher Strait. 1579. Drake explores coast of California. 1608. Founding of Quebec by Champlain. 1609. Champlain's battle with the Iroquois Indians. Hudson discovers the Hudson River. 1619. First assembly meets at Jamestown. Slaves first sold in Vir ginia. 1620. Coming of the Pilgrims to Plymouth in the Mayflower. 1623. Settlement on Manhattan called New Amsterdam. First settlements in New Hampshire. 1630. The founding of Boston. |