TOPICAL ANALYSIS XXXIII. WAR WITH SPAIN AND LATER EVENTS (1898-1912) xlv William McKinley, President (1897-1901); War with Spain (1898). 1. Discontent in Cuba; rebellion breaks out (1895). 2. Attempt of Spain to put down revolt; policy of General Weyler; blunder of Spanish minister. 3. Causes of war. 4. Destruction of the Maine (Feb. 15, 1898). 5. Congress acknowledges independence of Cuba. 6. Conquest of the Philippines; Dewey's victory (May 1, 1898). 7. Cervera's fleet blockaded; Hobson's attempt. 8. Battles of El Caney and San Juan. 9. Destruction of Cervera's fleet. 10. General Toral surrenders Spanish army. 11. General Miles occupies Porto Rico. 12. Treaty of Paris (1898). Consequences of War with Spain. - 1. Annexation of Hawaiian Islands (July, 1898). 2. Cuba; the Platt Amendment; American army leaves island (May 20, 1902). 3. Porto Rico. 4. Philippines: war with followers of Aguinaldo; capture of Aguinaldo; government and people of Philippines. Other Events. 1. The Hague Agreements. 2. "Pious Fund of the Californias." 3. Holland's submarine (1898). 4. McKinley reëlected (1900). 5. Assassination of President McKinley (1901); 6. Theodore Roosevelt becomes President (Sept. 14, 1901). Theodore Roosevelt, President (1901–1909). 1. Chinese exclusion act extended to insular possessions (1902). 2. Irrigation of arid lands. 3. Strike of anthracite mine workers. 4. The Panama Canal: begun by French company; Congress empowered President to buy out company and complete canal; offer to Colombia rejected; secession of Panama; independence of Panama acknowledged (1903); concessions secured by the United States. 5. Importance of the canal. 6. Roosevelt elected President by the Republicans (1904). 7. Oklahoma admitted. 8. The Pure Food Act. 9. Conservation policy of Roosevelt. 10. Great fire in San Francisco. 11. Republicans elect Taft President (1908). William Howard Taft, President (1909-1913). - 1. The PayneAldrich Tariff Bill; effect on unity of Republicans. 2. Legal warfare against "trusts." 3. Postal savings banks (1910). 4. Domestic parcel post. 5. Admission of Arizona and New Mexico (1912). 6. Democrats win Congressional election. 7. Division in Republican ranks. 8. Woodrow Wilson elected President by the Democrats (1912). Recent Constitutional Development. - 1. The Initiative and Referendum. 2. Municipal government; the commission plan. 3. The recall. 4. Direct primaries. 5. Woman suffrage. 6. Sixteenth Amendment; income tax. 7. Seventeenth Amendment; popular election of senators. 8. Eighteenth Amendment; prohibition. -XXXIV. WILSON'S ADMINISTRATION; WAR WITH GERMANY Woodrow Wilson, President (1913- ). - 1. The Underwood Tariff. 2. The income tax. 3. The Federal Reserve Act. 4. Anarchy in Mexico; Americans occupy Vera Cruz; A, B, C, envoys at Niagara Falls, Canada; "watchful waiting' policy of President. 5. Beginning of World War; sudden attack by Central Powers. 6. Our controversy with Germany; sinking of Lusitania; Secretary of State Bryan resigns. 7. President Wilson reëlected. War with Germany. 1. The break with Germany; cause. 2. Arming American merchant vessels. 3. President recommends war. 4. Declaration of war by Congress (April 6, 1917). 5. President's Flag Day address. 6. Establishment of Reserve Officers' Training camps. 7. Registration for military service, June 5, 1917. 8. American Expeditionary Force in France. 9. American Red Cross; Y. M. C. A.; Knights of Columbus. 10. The situation in Europe early in 1918. 11. The Blockade. 12. The participation of the United States. 13. Unity of command. American Victories. 1. Cantigny. 2. Belleau Wood. 3. Vaux. 4. Soissons. 5. Chateau-Thierry. 6. Other American successes. 7. Great American victory at St. Mihiel (Sept. 12, 1918). 8. Our successes in the Argonne Forest. 9. Americans cut German main line of communications. Armistice signed Nov. 11, 1918; terms of the armistice. Conditions in the United States. - 1. Shipbuilding during the war. 2. Government control of railways. 3. Expenditures. Conference at Versailles (begins in January, 1919). Abercromby, General, 146. INDEX Abolition movement, 293, 329. and Catholics, 228; Vice President, Adams, John Quincy, President, 283–286. Agriculture in the colonies, 123. Aguinaldo, 437, 441. Airbrake, Westinghouse, 417. Airplane, invented, 418. Aix-la-Chapelle, treaty, 141. Alabama, admitted, 274; secedes, 355. Alabama, the, 380, 408. Albany, settled, 87, 88; charter, 94. Albemarle, the, 382. Gadsden Purchase, 323; Alaska, 407; Anti-Catholic feeling, 306-307, 315-316. Appomattox, surrender at, 390. Argall, Samuel, destroys French settle- Arizona, admitted to Union, 450; equal Arkansas, admitted to Union, 328; se- 455. Armada, defeated, 44. Armistice, 474-475. Arnold, Gen. Benedict, 164, 166, 181; Arthur, Chester A., 425, 426. Articles of Confederation, 217-219. Assembly, in colonial government, 120. Assumption of state debts, 238-239. Astor, John Jacob, 313. Astoria, settled, 313. Atchison, Kans., settled, 337. Atlanta, in Civil War, 383, 385. Atlantic telegraph cable, 349-350. Aubry, Rev. Nicholas, 81. Austin, Moses and Stephen, 310. Austria-Hungary, allied with Germany, Bacon's rebellion, 62-63. Baltimore, in colonial times, 118; diocese, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 297-298, Bancroft, George, author, 302. Bank of the United States, 240, 261; Second, 274-275, 290, 292. Banks, Federal Reserve, 458; national, Banks, General, 372, 384. Barry, Commodore John, 198-201, 246- Bartholdi, M., 428. Baton Rouge, taken, 368. Beauregard, Ĝen. P. G. T., 357, 360, 387. Benton, Thomas H., 314, 315. Bienville, Céleron de, 142. Bienville, founder of New Orleans, 136. Bill of Rights, in Federal Constitution, Boone, Daniel, 190, 195, 272. Booth, John Wilkes, 392. Border States in Civil War, 359. Boston, settled, 70; first General Court, Boston instructions, 150-151. Boston News Letter, 127. Boston Port Bill, 157-158. Bragg, General, 370, 371, 374. Breckinridge, John C., 343, 344. Breymann, Colonel, 182. Brooklyn Bridge, 417. Bright, John, 383. Brown, B. Gratz, 401. Brooklyn Heights, battle, 177. Brown, Gen. Jacob, 264. Brown, John, 342-343. Bryan, William J., 433, 444, 448, 459, 461. Buell, Gen. Don Carlos, 369, 370. Bull Run, battle, 360; second battle, 363, Bunker Hill, battle, 165. Burgoyne, General, 181, 182, 183. Burr, Aaron, 248-249, 254-255. Business panic, of 1837, 292; of 1873, Butler, Benjamin F., 368, 378, 387, 404. Cabeza de Vaca, explorer, 31. Cabot, John, explorer, 24, 7. Calhoun, John C., 259, 283, 289; death, California, conquered, 321-322; missions, California, lower, 324, 443. Calvert, Cecilius, 102-103, 106-109. Calvert, Leonard, 103, 105-110. Cambridge, Mass., named, 72; in Revo- Camden, battle, 207. Canada, French in, 38, 135; conquered Cancer, Father Luis, 34. Canoes, 51. Cantigny, battle, 470. Capital, of the United States, 239. Carpetbaggers, 401. Carranza, Mexican leader, 459. Carroll, Charles, 189, 298. Carroll, John, Archbishop, 226-229, 231; in mission to Canada, 189. Carteret, Sir George, 95. Carteret, Philip, 96. Cartier, Jacques, explorer, 35. Cass, Lewis, candidate, 323. Catholic Church in America, 225-233, Catholics, in Maryland, 103-111, 225; Caucus, Congressional, 282. INDEX Census, United States, 235, 253, 345, 421. Central Powers, 468. Cerro Gordo, battle, 320. Charles I, King, 62, 69, 102. Charles II, King, 62, 63, 79, 83, 92, 98, 111. Charter Oak, 84. Cibola, Seven Cities of, 33-31. Circumnavigation of the globe, 30. Cities, life in early times, 236; growth, 302-303; government, 452-451. Civil Service, 251, 287, 426. Civil War, 353-397; enlistments in, 393. Clark, George Rogers, 189. Clay, Henry, Representative and Senator, 259, 275, 281, 289, 329; presidential Cleveland, Grover, 427-428, 431. Clinton, General, 169, 177, 181, 183, 185, 205, 206, 212. Clinton, Governor De Witt, 296. Clothing, colonial, 122. Coal miners' strike, 445-446. Cold Harbor, battle, 387. Colombia, 446 447. Colonial laws, 120-121. xlix Colonies, English, 54-117; government, Colorado, admitted to Union, 409; grants Columbia, S. Č., burned, 391. Columbia River, named, 252. Columbus, Bartholomew, 12. Columbus, Christopher, 10-23, 6. Commission government, 453. Committees of Correspondence, 159. Compromise, Missouri, 279-281; of 1833, Confederate States of America, 355; Confederation, Articles of, 217-219. Congressional reconstruction, 398, 399- Conkling, Roscoc, 406. Connecticut, founded, 73-80; charter, 74; Conservation policy, 448. Constantinople, trade center, 5, 6. Constitution, adopted, Amendments. Constitution, the, 267, 268. 221-223; Constitutional convention, 1787, 220-221, |