Muscular Christianity: Manhood and Sports in Protestant America, 1880-1920Harvard University Press, 2009年6月1日 - 300 頁 Dissatisfied with a Victorian culture focused on domesticity and threatened by physical decline in sedentary office jobs, American men in the late nineteenth century sought masculine company in fraternal lodges and engaged in exercise to invigorate their bodies. One form of this new manly culture, developed out of the Protestant churches, was known as muscular Christianity. In this fascinating study, Clifford Putney details how Protestant leaders promoted competitive sports and physical education to create an ideal of Christian manliness. |
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activities American argued Army Association athletics become believed body Boston Boy Scouts Brotherhood building called Camp Catholic century character Charles Chicago Christ Church City civilization College Culture Development early especially evangelical explained fact first force formed George Girls groups Gulick Hall helped Henry History idea important included James Jesus John Journal largely later leaders least less male Manhood manly masculine means men’s mind ministers ministry missionary missions moral Movement muscular Christianity nature noted observed organization Outlook particularly peace Physical Education play president Press problem Progressive Protestant Quoted reason recreation reformers Religion religious result Reverend Robert Roosevelt School Science Social Social Gospel Society spirit strong Student Sunday Theodore thought tion Training University University Press Victorian wanted women World wrote YMCA York young YWCA
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第 275 頁 - THE ROMAN AND THE TEUTON. A Series of Lectures delivered before the University of Cambridge.