the inhabitants joined them in their offenfive operations. The city of Caunus, which at first had refused their alliance, after the burning of Sardis added itself to their forces.

CIV. The confederacy was alfo farther ftrengthened by the voluntary acceffion of all the Cyprians, except the Amathufians 140. The following was the occafion of the revolt of the Cyprians from the Medes: Gorgus prince of Salamis, fon of Cherfis, grandson of Siromus, great grandfon of Euelthon, had a younger brother, whose name was Onefilus this man had repeatedly folicited Gorgus to revolt from the Perfians; and on hearing of the feceffion of the Ionians, he urged him with ftill greater importunity. Finding all his efforts ineffectual, affifted by his party, he took an opportunity of his brother's making an excurfion from Salamis to fhut the gates against him: Gorgus, thus deprived of his city, took refuge amongst the Medes. Onefilus ufurped his ftation, and perfuaded the Cyprians to rebel. The Amathufians, who alone opposed him, he closely besieged.

CV. At this period, Darius was informed of the burning of Sardis by the Athenians and Ionians, and that Ariftagoras of Miletus was the principal

140 Amathufians.]-From Amathus, which was facred to Venus, the whole island of Cyprus was fometimes called Amathufia. According to Ovid, it produced abundance of metals:

Gravidamque Amathunta metallis.

T.

inftigator

inftigator of the confederacy against him. On first receiving the intelligence, he is faid to have treated the revolt of the Ionians with extreme contempt, as if certain that it was impoffible for them to escape his indignation; but he defired to know who the Athenians were? on being told, he called for his bow, and shooting an arrow into the air, he exclaimed:"Suffer me, oh Jupiter, to be revenged "on these Athenians." He afterwards directed one of his attendants to repeat to him three times every day, when he fat down to table, « Sir, remember "the Athenians."

CVI. After giving thefe orders, Darius fummoned to his prefence Hifticus of Miletus, whom he had long detained at his court. He addreffed him thus: "I am informed, Hiftiæus, that the man to whom

you entrusted the government of Miletus, has "excited a rebellion against me; he has procured "forces from the oppofite continent, and feduced "the lonians, whom I fhall unquestionably chastise, "from their duty. With their united affistance, " he has destroyed my city of Sardis. Can fuch a "conduct poffibly meet with your approbation? "or unadvised by you, could he have done what "he has? Be careful not to involve yourself in a "fecond offence against my authority." "Can

you, Sir, believe," faid Hiftiæus in reply, " that "I would be concerned in any thing which might "occafion the fmalleft perplexity to you? What "fhould I, who have nothing to wish for, gain by "fuch conduct? Do I not participate all that you

"yourself

"yourself enjoy; and have I not the honour of "being your counfellor and your friend? If my "representative has acted as you alledge, it is en"tirely his own deed; but I cannot easily be per"fuaded that either he, or the Milefians, would

engage in any thing to your prejudice. If, ne«vertheless, what you intimate be really true, by "withdrawing me from my own proper station,

you have only to blame yourself for the event. "I fuppofe that the Ionians have taken the oppor"tunity of my abfence, to accomplish what they "have for a long time meditated. Had I been "present in Ionia, I will venture to affirm, that not a city would have revolted from your power:

σε

you have only therefore to fend me instantly to "Ionia, that things may refume their former fitu"ation, and that I may give into your power the "present governor of Miletus, who has occafioned "all this mischief. Having firft effected this, I "fwear by the deities of Heaven, that I will not "change the garb in which I shall fet foot in Ionia, "without rendering the great island of Sardinia 142 tributary to your power.'

241 Sardinia.]-It has been doubted by many, whether on account of the vast distance of Sardinia from the Afiatic continent, the text of Herodotus has not here been altered. Rollin in particular is very incredulous on the fubject; but as it ap-. pears by the preceding paffages of our author, that the Ionians had penetrated to the extremities of the Mediterranean, and were not unacquainted with Corfica, all appearance of improbability in this narration ceafes.-T.

CVII. Hiftiæus made these protestations to delude Darius. The king was influenced by what he faid, only requiring his return to Sufa as foon as he should have fulfilled his engagements.

CVIII. In this interval, when the meffenger from Sardis had informed Darius of the fate of that city, and the king had done with his bow what we have defcribed; and when, after conferring with Hiftiæus, he had difiniffed him to lonia, the following incident occurred: Onefilus of Salamis being engaged in the fiege of Amathus, word was brought him that Artybius, a Perfian officer, was on his way to Cyprus with a large fleet, and a formidable body of Perfians. On hearing this, Onefilus fent meffengers to different parts of Ionia, expreffing his want and defire of affiftance. The Ionians, without hesitation, haftened to join him with a numerous fleet. Whilft they were already at Cyprus, the Perfians had paffed over from Cilicia, and were proceeding by land to Salamis. The Phoenicians in the mean time had paffed the promontory which is called the Key of Cyprus.

CIX. Whilft things were in this fituation, the princes of Cyprus affembled the Ionian chiefs, and thus addreffed them:-" Men of Ionia, we fubmit "to your own determination, whether you will en

gage the Phoenicians or the Perfians. If you "rather chufe to fight on land and with the Per"fians, it is time for you to difembark, that we "may go on board your veffels, and attack the

"Phoenicians.

"Phoenicians.-If you think it more adviseable to

encounter the Phoenicians, it becomes you to do "fo immediately.-Decide which way you please, "that as far as our efforts can prevail, Ionia and Cyprus may be free." "We have been com"miffioned," answered the Ionians, "by our country, to guard the ocean, not to deliver up our "veffels unto you, nor to engage the Perfians by "land. We will endeavour to discharge our duty "in the station appointed us; it is for you to dif

tinguish yourselves as valiant men, remembering "the oppreffions you have endured from the "Medes."

CX. When the Perfians were drawn up before Salamis, the Cyprian commanders placed the forces of Cyprus against the auxiliaries of the enemy, felecting the flower of Salamis and Soli to oppose the Perfians: Onefilus voluntarily ftationed himself against Artybius the Perfian General.

CXI. Artybius was mounted on a charger, which had been taught to face a man in complete armour: Onefilus hearing this, called to him his shield-bearer, who was a Carian of great military experience, and of undaunted courage:-" I hear,' "I fays he, "that the horse of Artybius, by his feet "and his teeth, materially affifts his mafter against "an adverfary; deliberate on this, and tell me "which you will encounter, the man or the horse." Sir," faid the attendant, "I am ready to engage "with either, or both, or indeed to do whatever VOL. II.

I i

you