built temples for their own particular ufe, refembling in no respect those of the Athenians, as may be seen in the edifice and myfteries of the Achæan Ceres. LXII. Thus have I related the vision of Hipparchus, and the origin of the Gephyreans, from whom the confpirators against Hipparchus were defcended: but it will here be proper to explain more at length the particular means by which the Athenians recovered their liberty, which I was beginning to do before. Hippias had fucceeded to the fupreme authority, and, as appeared by his conduct, greatly refented the death of Hipparchus. The Alcmæonidæ, who were of Athenian origin, had been driven from their country by the Pifistratidæ : they had, in conjunction with some other exiles, made an effort to recover their former fituations, and to deliver their country from its oppreffors, but were defeated with confiderable lofs. They retired to Lipfydrium beyond Pæonia, which they fortified, ftill meditating vengeance against the Pififtratida. Whilft they were thus circumstanced, the Amphictyons" engaged them upon certain terms to pame from thefe people. The author of the Etymologicum Magnum pretends that the people were called Gephyreans from this bridge; but it is very certain that they bore this name before they fettled in Attica.-Larcher. 75 Amphictyons.]-The Amphictyons were an affembly compofed of deputies from the different ftates of Greece. Each ftate fent two deputies, one to examine into what related to the ceremonies of religion, the other to decide difputes betwixt individuals. to conftruct that which is now the temple of Delphi 76, but which did not exist before. They were not deficient in point of wealth; and, warmed with the generous fpirit of their race, they erected a temple far exceeding the model which had been given, in splendour and in beauty. Their agreement only obliged them to conftruct it of the stone of Porus", but they built the veftibule of Parian marble. LXIII. These men, as the Athenians relate, during their continuance at Delphi bribed the Py individuals. Their general refidence was at Delphi, and they determined difputes betwixt the different ftates of Greece. Before they proceeded to business, they facrificed an ox cut into small pieces; their decifions were facred, and without appeal. They met twice in the year, in fpring and in autumn. In fpring at Delphi, in autumn at Thermopyla. This council reprefented but a certain number of the states of Greece; but thefe were the principal and most powerful. Demofthenes makes mention of a decree where the Amphictyonic council is called το κοινον των Ελληνων συνεδριον; and Cicero alfo calls them commune Græciæ concilium.-T. 76 Temple of Delphi.]-The temple of Delphi was in its origin no more than a chapel made of the branches of laurel growing near the temple. One Pteras of Delphi afterwards built it of more folid materials: it was then constructed of brafs; the fourth time it was erected of ftone.-Larcher. 77 Stone of Porus.]-This ftone resembled the Parian marble in whiteness and hardness; but, according to Pliny and Theophraftus, it was lefs ponderous. Of the marble of Paros I have fpoken elsewhere. Larcher remarks that Phidias, Praxiteles, and the more eminent fculptors of antiquity, always preferred it for their works. Tournefort without hesitation prefers the marbles of Italy to thofe of Greece. thian to propofe to every Spartan who fhould confult her, in a private or public capacity, the deliverance of Athens. The Lacedæmonians, hearing inceffantly the fame thing repeated to them, fent an army under the conduct of Anchimolius, fon of After, a man of a very popular character, to expel the Pififtratidæ from Athens. They in this refpect violated fome very ancient ties of hofpitality; but they thought it better became them to liften to the commands of Heaven, than to any human confideration. Thefe forces were dispatched by fea, and being driven to Phalerus, were there difembarked by Anchimolius. The Pififtratida being aware of this, applied for affistance to the Thessalians, with whom they were in alliance. The people of Theffaly obeyed the fummons, and fent them a thousand horse 78, commanded by Cineas their king; 78 Thousand horfe.]-The cavalry of Theffaly were very famous. See Theocritus, Id, xviii. 30. Η καπῳ κυπαρισσός, η αρματι Θεσσαλος ιππος As the cyprefs is an ornament to a garden, as a Theffalian horfe to a chariot, fo is the lovely Helen the glory of Lacedæ mon.- -Larcher. Amongst other folemnities of mourning which Admetus prince of Theffaly orders to be obferved in honour of his deceased wife, he bids his fubjects cut the manes of all the chariot horfes : Τέθριππα τε ζευγνυσθε και μονάμπυκας From which incident it may perhaps be inferred, that the Theffalians held their horses in no fmall eftimation: the speech of Admetus being as much as to say, "All that belongs to me, all king, a native of Coniæus: on the arrival of their allies, the Pifistratidæ levelled all the country about Phalerus, and thus enabling the cavalry to act, they fent them against the Spartans. They accordingly attacked the enemy, and killed feveral, amongst whom was Anchimolius. Thofe who escaped were driven to their veffels. Thus fucceeded the first attempt of the Lacedæmonians: the tomb of Anchimolius is still to be feen near the temple of Hercules, in Cynofarges", in the district of Alopece ", in Attica. 80 LXIV. all that have any fhare of my regard, fhall aid me in deploring my domeftic lofs.”—See vol. i. 215.—T. 79 Cynofarges.]-This place gave name to the fect of the Cynics. It was a gymnasium, or place for public exercises, annexed to a temple, and fituated near one of the gates of Athens. The origin of its appellation Cynofarges is thus related: an Athenian named Didymus was performing a facrifice in his house, but was interrupted by a large white dog, which coming in unexpectedly, feized the victim, carried it off, and left it in another place. Much difturbed by an accident fo inaufpicious, Didymus confulted the oracle in what manner he might avert the omen; he was told to build a temple to Hercules in the place where the dog had depofited the victim: he did fo, and called it Cynofarges, ano т nuvos agys, from the white dog, which that name expreffes. When Antifthenes founded his fect, he hired this place as conveniently fituated for his lectures; and from the name of the place, added to the confideration of the fnarling doggish nature of those philofophers, was derived the appellation Cynic, which means doggish. Antifthenes himfelf was fometimes called honviv, mere or genuine dog. The expreffion ad Cynofarges was proverbial.-See this explained at length in the Adagia of Erafmus; it fignified the fame as abi ad cervos, ad malam rem, &c.-T. 80 Alopece.]-This place was appropriated to the tribe of Antiochis 4.122 Grote 10. 321. TERPSICHORE. 43 LXIV. The Lacedæmonians afterwards fent a greater body of forces against Athens, not by fea but by land, under the direction of their king Cleomenes, fon of Anaxandrides. Thefe, on their first entrance into Attica, were attacked by the Theffa lian horfe, who were prefently routed, with the lofs of forty of their men: the remainder retired without any further efforts into Theffaly. Cleomenes advancing to the city, was joined by thofe Athenians who defired to be free; in conjunction with whom he befieged the tyrants in the Pelafgian citadel. LXV. The Lacedæmonians would have found themselves finally inadequate to the expulfion of the Pififtratida, for they were totally unprepared for a fiege, whilst their adverfaries were well provided with neceffaries. After therefore continuing the blockade for a few days, they were about to return to Sparta, when an accident happened, as fatal to one party as favourable to the other. The children of the Pififtratidæ in their attempts privately to escape, were taken prisoners: this incident reduced them to extreme perplexity, fo that finally, to recover their children, they fubmitted to fuch terms Antiochis, and according to Diogenes Laertius, was celebrated for being the birth-place of Socrates.-T. * Prefently routed.]-Frontinus, in his Stratagemata, relates that Cleomenes obftructed the paffage of the Theffalian horse, by throwing branches of trees over the plain. This delivery of the Athenians by Cleomenes, is alluded to by Ariftophanes, in his play called Lyfiftratus.Darcher |