fay, that Dorieus and his companions did this; but the people of Crotona deny that in their conteft with the Sybarites they availed themselves of the affiftance of any foreigner, except Callias of Elis, a prieft of the family of the Iamida 3. He had fled from Telys, prince of Sybaris, becaufe on fome folemn facrifice he was not able from the entrails of the victim to promife fuccefs against Crotona.The matter is thus differently ftated by the two nations.

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XLV. The proofs of what they severally affert are thefe: The Sybarites fhew near the river Craftis, which is fometimes dry, a facred edifice, built, as they affirm, by Dorieus after the capture of his... city, and confecrated to the Craftian 54 Minerva. The death of Dorieus himself is another, and with

rus Siculus, was this; "Telys perfuaded the Sybarites to banifh five hundred of their most powerful citizens, and to fell their effects by public auction; the exiles retired to Crotona. Telys fent ambaffadors to demand the fugitives, or in case of refufal to denounce war; the people were disposed to give them up, but the celebrated Pythagoras perfuaded them to engage in their defence: Milo was very active in the conteft, and the event was fo fatal to the Sybarites, that their town was plundered and reduced to a perfect folitude.-Larcher.

53 Iamida.]-To Iamus and his defcendants, who were after" him called Iamidæ, Apollo gave the art of divination.-See the fifth Olympic of Pindar. 3

54 Craftian.]-The city Craftis, or, as it is otherwise called, Craftus, was celebrated for being the birth-place of the comic. poet Epicharmus, and of the courtefan Lais.-T.

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them the strongest teftimony, for he loft his life whilst acting in oppofition to the exprefs commands of the oracle. For if he had confined his exertions to what was the avowed object of his expedition, he would have obtained, and effectually fecured, the poffeffion of the region of Eryx, and thus have preferved himself and his followers. The inhabitants of Crotona are satisfied with exhibiting certain lands, given to the Elean Callias, in the diftrict of Crotona, which even within my remem-brance the defcendants of Callias poffefs: this was not the cafe with Dorieus, nor any of his pofterity. It must be obvious, that if this Dorieus, in the war above mentioned, had affifted the people of Crotona, they would have given more to him than to Callias. To the above different teftimonies, every perfon is at liberty to give what credit he thinks proper.

XLVI. Amongst those who accompanied Dorieus, with a view of founding a colony, were Theffalus, Parabates, Celees, and Euryleon, all of whom, Euryleon excepted, fell in an engagement with the Phoenicians and giftans, on their happening to touch at Sicily: this man, collecting fuch as remained of his companions, took poffeffion of Minoas, a Selinufian colony, which he delivered from the oppreffion of Pythagoras. Euryleon, putting the tyrant to death, affumed his fituation and authority. Thefe, however, he did not long enjoy, for the Selinufians rofe in a body against him, and

flew

flew him before the altar of Jupiter Forenfis ", where he had fled for refuge.

XLVII. Philip 56, a native of Crotona, and fon of Butacides, was the companion of Dorieus in his travels and his death: he had entered into engagements of marriage with a daughter of Telys of Sybaris, but not choofing to fulfil them, he left his country, and went to Cyrene; from hence alfo he departed, in fearch of Dorieus, in a three-oared veffel of his own, manned with a crew provided at his own expence: he had been victorious in the Olympic games, and was confeffedly the handsomest man in Greece. On account of his accomplishments of perfon 57, the people of

geftus diftinguifhed

55 Jupiter Forenfis.]-That is to fay, in the public forum, where the altar of this god was erected.-T.

56 Philip.]" There seems in this place," fays Reiske, “ to be fomething wanted: how did Philip come amongst the Ægeftans; or how did he obtain their friendship; or, if he was killed with Dorieus, in Italy, how did he efcape in a battle with the Ægeftans? These," concludes Reifke, "are difficulties which I am totally unable to reconcile."

57 Accomplishments of perfon.]-For xaos in this place, fome are for reading xλes; but Euftathius quotes the circumstance and paffage at length, a strong argument for retaining the reading of xaños :—“ Defignatur," fays Weffeling, " quid fieri folebat Egefta:" but that it was ufual in various places to honour perfons for their beauty, is evident from various paffages in ancient authors. A beautiful. paffage from Lucretius, which I have before quoted in this work, fufficiently attests this, Καθισων δε xy πολλοι τες καλλίτες βασιλέως : many nations affign the fovereignty to thofe amongst them who are the most beau-`

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guifhed him by very unusual honours; they erected a monument over the place of his interment, where they offered facrifices as to a divinity.

XLVIII. We have above related the fortunes and death of Dorieus. If he could have fubmitted to the authority of his brother Cleomenes, and had remained at Lacedæmon, he would have fucceeded to the throne of Sparta. Cleomenes, after a very fhort reign, died, leaving an only child, a daughter, of the name of Gorgo 58.

XLIX. During the reign of Cleomenes, Aristagoras, prince of Miletus, arrived at Sparta: the Lacedæmonians affirm, that defiring to have a conference with their fovereign, he appeared before him with a tablet of brafs in his hand, upon which was infcribed every known part of the habitable world, the feas, and the rivers. He thus addreffed

the Spartan monarch: "When you know my bu

"finefs, Cleomenes, you will cease to wonder at

my zeal in defiring to fee you. The Ionians,

tiful, fays Athenæus. Beauty, declares Euripides, is worthy of a kingdom-πρωτον μεν είδος αξιον τυραννίδος. See a very entertaining chapter on this fubject in Athenæus, book xiii. c. 2. -T.

58 Gorgo.]-She married Leonidas. When this prince departed for Thermopylæ, Gorgo asked him what commands he had for her; "Marry," fays he, "fome worthy man, and become the mother of a valiant race."-He himself expected to perish. This princefs was remarkable for her virtue, and was one of the women whom Plutarch proposed as a model to Eurydice.Larcher.

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"who ought to be free, are in a state of fervitude, "which is not only difgraceful, but also a fource "of the extremeft forrow to us, as it must also be "to you, who are fo pre-eminent in Greece.-I "intreat you, therefore, by the gods of Greece, "to reftore the Ionians to liberty, who are con"nected with you by ties of confanguinity. The "accomplishment of this, will not be difficult; the "Barbarians are by no means remarkable for "their valour, whilft you, by your military virtue, "have attained the fummit of renown. They rush "to the combat armed only with a bow and a "fhort fpear"; their robes are long, they fuffer their "hair to grow, and they will afford an easy con“quest; add to this, that they who inhabit the ❝continent are affluent beyond the reft of their "neighbours. They have abundance of gold, of "filver, and of brafs; they enjoy a profufion of "every article of dress, have plenty of cattle, and ❝ a prodigious number of flaves : all these, if you "think

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бо

59 Bow and a fhort fpear.]-A particular account of the military habit and arms of the oriental nations, is given in the feventh book of Herodotus, in which place he minutely defcribes the various people which compofed the prodigious army of Xerxes. It may not be improper to add, that the military habits of the Greeks and Romans very much refembled each other.-T.

60 Number of flaves.]-The firft flaves were doubtless captives taken in war, who were employed for menial purposes; from being fought after for ufe, they finally were purchased and poffeffed for oftentation. A paffage in Athenæus informs us, that he knew many Romans who poffeffed from ten to twenty thousand flaves. According to Tacitus, four hundred flaves

were