ADDENDA

TO

MELP OMEN E.

HEN the fourth book of Herodotus was nearly printed

W off, a fmall tract fell into my hands, published in Ger

many, under the title of Geographia Africa Herodotea; the name of the author is Schlichthorst; and it attracted my attention, from being introduced by a preface, with the refpectable name of Chr. G. Heyne. After a clofer examination, I found that it contained what, to me at least, feemed worthy of attention. The geography of Africa, always obscure, has not in modern times been fufficiently investigated; much remains to be known concerning this quarter of the globe: I feel it therefore a duty to the reader to give fuch extracts from the tract above mentioned as appear to illuminate this intricate part of geographical science, and to make us better acquainted with the places and inhabitants of ancient Lybia.

In Chap. CLXVIII. Herodotus speaks of the Adyrmachide. -It is well known, that in the age which followed, the Greeks drove thefe Adyrmachide into the higher parts of Lybia, and took poffeffion of the fea-coat. When, therefore, Ptolemy defcribes the Adyrmachide as inhabiting the interior parts of Lybia, there is no contradiction betwixt his account and that of Herodotus. The manners of this people are described by Herodotus, and they are thus mentioned by Silius Italicus:

Verificolor contra cetra et falcatus ab arte
Enfis Adyrmachidae ac lævo tegmina crure;

Sed

Sed menfis afper populus, victuque maligno
Nam calida triftes epulæ torrentur arena.—

L. iii. 278.

They are again mentioned by the fame author, book ix. 223,

224

ferro vivere læṭum

Vulgus Adyrmachida.

Chap, CLXIX. Aziris.]-See the hymn of Callimachus to Apollo, verfe 89, where this place is written A.

Herodotus in this place fpeaks of two iflands, inhabited by the Giligamma, Platea, and Aphrodifias; it is not certain whether the first of these is what Ptolemy called Ædonis: the fecond was afterwards named Læa, and was, according to Scylax, a good harbour for fhips.

The country of the Giligamma produced a fpecies of the filphium, called by the Latins laferpiticum, from which a medical drug was extracted; fee Pliny, Nat. Hift. xix. 3. « In the country of the Cyrene (where the best filphium grew) none of late years has been found, the farmers turning their cattle into the places where it grew: one ftem only has been found in my time, this was fent as a present to Nero."

Chap. CLXXI. Cabales.]-This word is fometimes" written Bacales; and Weffeling he fitates what reading to prefer.

What Herodotus fays of the Nasamones, c. 173, is confirmed by Pliny, Nat. Hift. vii. c. 2; Silius Italicus, i. 408; Lucan, ix, 439, &c.

Concerning their manner of plighting troth, c. 172, Shaw tells us, that the drinking out of each others hands is the only ceremony which the Algerines at this time ufe in marriage.

The ftory which Herodotus relates of the Pfylli, 173, is told alfo by Aulus Gellius, Noct. Att. 16.11. It feems more probable that they were deftroyed by the Nafamones. See Pliny, Nat. Hift. viii. 1.-See alfo Hardouin ad Plin. and Larcher, vii. 312.

Concerning ra Içara, called by Herodotus, 158, xaλλssos Twy Xwewv, fee Callimach. Hymn to Apollo, 88, 89.

χώρων,

Tauchira.]-Called by Strabo, Ptolemy, and Pliny, Teuchiraz afterwards it was known by the name of Arfinoe, and laftly by

Antony

Antony it was named Cleopatris, in-honour of Cleopatra: in modern times it has been called Teukera (d'Anville); Trochare (de la Croix); Trochara (Hardouin); Tochara (SimJenus); Trochata (Dapper).

Euefperides.]-The city was afterwards named Berenice; of this appellation fome veftiges now remain, for the place is called Bernic, Berbic, and by fome Beric.

The fertility of the contiguous country gave rife to the Grecian fable of the gardens of the Hefperides.

Chap. CLXXII. Barce:]-Many of the ancients believed that this place was anciently called Ptolemais, as Strabo, Pliny, Servius, and others, an

Of Cyrene, about which, Strabo fpeaks lefs fabulously than Herodotus, but few traces now remain; they are differently mentioned under the names of Keroan, Curin, and Guirina. 3 Chap. CLXXIV. Garamantes]-Mentioned by Mela, book viii, and by him called Gamphafantes.

'Chap. CLXXV. Maca.]Amongst these people was the fountain of Cinyps, called by Strabo and Ptolemy Kivupes, by, Pliny Cinyps; its modern name, according to d'Anville, is Wadi-Quaham...

Chap. CLXXVI. Girdanes.]This people, according to Stephanus, lived on the lotus, as well as the Lotophagi,

Chap. CLXXVII. Lotophagi.]—Whether from the fame lotus the Lotophagi obtained both meat and wine; is laborionfly difputed by Voffius ad Scyll. 114. and Stapel. ad Theophraft, 1. iv. c. 4. p. 327. A delineation of the lotus may be feen in Shaw and De la Croix: it is what the Arabs of the present day call feedra, and is plentiful in Barbary, and the defarts of Barbary,

Chap. CLXXVIII. Macklyes.]There were a people of this name alfo in Scythia; the name, however, is written different ways. See Weffeling ad Herod, 178.

The river Triton is the fame with that now called Gabs.See Shaw.

Stephanus Byzantinus confounds the Phla of Herodotus with the island of Phila, which was in Ethiopia, not far from Egypt, -See alfo Shaw on this ifland, 129, 4to. edit. Chap: CLXXXI. Ammonians.]-Bochart derives the name

of

336 the Geeks to foundt

of Ammonians from: Cham, the fon of Noah, who was long re verenced in the more barren parts of Africa, under the title of Ham or Hammon, one of the names of Jupiter.

---That the name of Ammon was very well known in Arabia, and throughout Africa, we may learn, from the river Ammon, the Ammonian promontory, the Ammonians, the city Ammon, &c. See Strabo, Pliny, Ptolemy, &c. ̧ ̧

Some remains of the temple of Jupiter Ammon are fill to be feen, if the travellers to Mecca may be believed; the place is called Hefachibir (or mole lapidum), 2017

In the fame chapter Herodotus mentions gnm Hλ8, the temple of the fun, concerning which fee Diodorus, xvii. 528,See alfo Arrian, d. iii. c. 4-Curtius, 1. iv. c. 7.Mela, 1. i c.8i 12 obor

Chap. CLXXXII, Angila.]-Herodotus fays that this country abounded in dates; and the Africans of the prefent day go there to gather them.-See Marmot, vol. iii. p. 53.

Concerning the fituation of the Angile, fee Pliny, lib. v. c. 4; and Dapper, p. 323.

Amongst all the countries of Lybia, mentioned by the ant cient Greek writers, Angila is the only one which to this day retains its primitive name without the fmalleft variation. J. Chap, CLXXXII Of the cattle, which whilft they grazed walked backwards, Mela fpeaks, lib. i. c. 8.-Pliny, Nat. Hift 1. viii, c. 45. Aristotle, Hiftory of Animals, lib. vii. c. 21.See alfo Voffius ad Mela, loc. p. 41.

Chap. CLXXXIV. Atrantes.]-Some roanufcripts read At lantes, but this cannot be the genuine reading, which alfo is the opinion of Salmafius, Valknaer, Weffeling, and Larcher-Se Voffius ad Mela, locum laudatum.

Atlantes.]The Atlantei, mentioned by Diodorus, 1. iii. 187, if ever they exifted, must be diftinct from the Atlantes of Herodotus. Of mount Atlas, and its extreme height, Homer speaks, Odyff. i. 52, 4.

Chap. CXCV. I have defcribed at fome length the tarfprings of Zante, from Dr. Chandler: I did not mention that fome account of them is also to be found in Antigonus Caryftius, p. 169, and Vitruvius, 1. viii. c. 3.

Cyraunis.]-The fame with the Cercinna of Strabo, now called

Querqueni,

1

336

Querqueni, or Chercheni; concerning this ifland confult Dio dorus, l. v. 294; but Diodorus, we should remark, confounded Cercinna with Cerne, an island of the Atlantic.

Chap. CXCVI. Columns of Hercules.]-The Libyan columă was by ancient writers called Abyla; that on the Spanish fide, Calpe.-See P. Mela, 1. ii. c. 6.

Chap. CXCIX. Cyrene.]-About the limits of this district the ancients were not at all agreed, they are no where defined by Herodotus: the province of Cyrene, formerly fo populous, is the contrary now; the fea-coafts are ravaged by pirates, the inland parts by the Arabians; fuch inhabitants as there are are rich by the fale of the Europeans who fall into their hands to the Ethiopians.See La Croix, tom. ii. 252.

Of the abundant fertility of Cyrene, Diodorus Siculus alfo fpeaks, p. 183, c. cxxviii.-Concerning the fountain of Cyre, one of the Fontes Cyrenaicæ, fee Callimachus's Ode to Apollo, 88; and Juftin, lib. xiii. c. 7.

Concerning the Afbyfta, of whom Herodotus fpeaks, c. 170, 1, Salmafius has collected much, ad Solinum, 381; so alfo has Euftathius, ad Dionys. Perieg. 211.-See too Larcher, vol. vii. 43.

Of the people with whom the Carthaginians traded, beyond the columns of Hercules, without feeing them, I have spoken at length, and given from Shaw the paffage introduced by Schlichthorft. The place, whofe name is not mentioned by Herodotus, is, doubtless, what we now call Senegambia. All the part of Lybia defcribed by Herodotus is now comprehended under the general name of Barbary, and contains the kingdoms of Morocco, Fez, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli: the maritime part of Lybia, from Carthage weftward, was unknown to Herodotus.

HERODOTUS.