The Ming Maritime Trade Policy in Transition, 1368 to 1567Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 2010 - 211 頁 The Ming maritime policy in transition, 1368-1567" is an unprecedented structural approach to one of the most puzzling phenomena in Chinese early modern history: the maritime trade prohibition from 1368 to 1567. This policy deliberately interdicted its own people from sailing abroad and prevented foreigners from entering China unless they were part of an official tribute mission. Other than treating this phenomenon as an isolated trade policy or defense strategy the author analyzes the policy against the general Chinese historical background from the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries. He approaches the policy as a superstructure established on the foundation of a compatible ideology, the social context, economic institutions and the political power landscape. The 200 years long process of the policy in transition is hence investigated as a 200 years course that witnessed the general transformation of the Ming ideological, social, economic and political structures. It is the historical undercurrent rather than spindrift that appeals to this book's historiography; it is a comprehensive study of the two particular centuries of the Ming society, of which the developments and characteristics have amazed not only historians. |
內容
Socioeconomic Institutions and Foreign Trade Policy | 23 |
The Suppression of Commerce | 33 |
Currency Control | 42 |
The Wider World | 48 |
The Collapse of the Early Ming Institutions and Foreign Trade | 57 |
The SilverBased Tax Reform | 67 |
Paralysis of the Staterun Manufacturing Industries | 73 |
The Pursuit of Politics and Social Influence by Merchants | 80 |
Trade Prohibition and Prejudice about Barbarians | 105 |
The Militarys Involvement in the Illicit Trade | 127 |
The Power of Trade | 140 |
The Debate on How to Relieve the Financial Crisis | 158 |
Trade as a Means to Import the Silver | 172 |
Legitimate Grievances? | 181 |
185 | |
203 | |
常見字詞
argued barbarians became Beijing Cao Renhu Censor-in-Chief Chen China Chinese Chouhai tubian civil examination coastal commercial court cunmu F defence early Ming economic empire fasc Feng foreign trade Fujian Grand Coordinator Grand Secretary Gu Yanwu Gu Yingtai Guangdong Gujin tushu jicheng Hongwu Emperor horses Hu Zongxian Huang Ming Ibid Japan Japanese pirates ji Collected Jiajing reign Jiangnan jingji jinshi jishi benmo junguo libing shu late Ming looting maritime prohibition maritime trade Memorials merchants military Ming Dynasty Ming shi Minister MJSWB Mongols pay tribute peasants piracy political pro-trade officials Qing revenue Shanghai Shanxi Shen ships Siku cunmu Siku jinhui Siku quanshu Siku xuxiu smuggling social soldiers Song taels taels of silver Tan Lun Tang Shunzhi Tianxia junguo libing tribute missions tribute trade tuntian Wang Chonggu Wang Shizhen Yongle emperor Yuan Zhang Juzheng Zhang Xuan Zhejiang Zheng Zhu Wan zoushu zouyi